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Elephant conservation amidst development (pt. IV)
... The conflict between humans and elephants is the greatest long-term threat to the species outside declared refuges (Dublin, 1994). While valuable conservation lessons can be learnt from the situation in Asia (Jayewardene, 1990;Sukumar, 1990Sukumar, , 1991, the great social, cultural and ecological differences existing between Asia and Africa demand that solutions be found which are tailored to Africa's changing local requirements. ...
With increasing frequency, the management of
elephants outside protected areas in Africa has to
address the problem of conflict between elephants and
people in rural, agricultural situations. In the last
decade, three major changes have occurred in the
process of human-elephant interaction: the conflict
interface has generally increased, even where the
elephant range has contracted; elephants have
acquired a much greater economic value; and wildlife
management is becoming decentralised, with
emphasis on utilisation for economic benefit. In
Zimbabwe’s unprotected areas, elephants are now
simultaneously the most valuable wildlife resource
and the greatest wildlife pest species. This paper
outlines a systematic, more efficient approach to
dealing with the problem of conflict, while still
conserving elephant populations. It involves a simple
system of assessing problem elephant activity over
large areas, and using the information to formulate a
district strategy which ameliorates, but does not
eliminate, the burden of ‘problem’ elephants. The
relative merits and disadvantages of various
traditional and contemporary methods of dealing with
problem elephants are also discussed. Mention is
made of research being conducted on the ecological
nature of the interactive processes between human
and elephant populations.
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