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ONE SOLUTION OF LOW-COST LORA BASED IOT MODULAR CONTROL DEVICE
Abstract
This paper aims to improve a low-cost modular control device based on the IoT concept by integrating long-range LoRa communication technology. The LoRa communication technology enables the use of a modular control device in areas without implemented Internet and WiFi infrastructure.
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The LoRaWAN standard comes from a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology suitable for developing Internet of Things (IoT) systems that are poised to disrupt the semiconductor industry. Even as a widespread technology used for diverse applications, security issues of long range (LoRa) networks and devices still remain a major challenge. Although the LoRa-Alliance enhanced the security and the network architecture of LoRaWAN from version 1.0 to version 1.1, the last version still faces some drawbacks such as being vulnerable to attacks. Some works in the literature have assessed LoRaWAN (v1.0 and v1.1) security risks and vulnerabilities. Moreover, all these specifications must coexist with each other, which makes compatibility an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of this technology. It is for this reason that we study the vulnerability of the LoRaWAN protocol in the context of compatibility. Hence, We consider four compatibility scenarios and possible cyber-attacks when connecting devices from the two mentioned versions. In this paper, we analyze the LoRaWAN architectures and then discuss the basic security concepts related to the compatibility scenarios between homogeneous or heterogeneous systems integrating the two LoRaWAN versions. After that, we investigate and then identify the potential security risks and network vulnerabilities in LoRaWAN technology. We establish a catalog of vulnerabilities for LoRaWAN on a methodological framework. The catalog contains 5 vulnerabilities related to LoRaWAN v1.0.x and v1.1 and 7 vulnerabilities related to LoRaWAN v1.0.x. After that, we check if these vulnerabilities could be applied to the compatibility scenarios. We observe that the majority of vulnerabilities mitigated in LoRaWAN v1.1 remain present in the compatibility scenarios.
Organic production, as a sustainable food production system, is designed to implement all agroecological principles that enable the preservation of human and animal health, environmental protection, and positive impact on society and the ecosystem while achieving significant economic benefits. Demand for organic food products is constantly growing, and the land area under organic production is continuously increasing. The problem in this sector is that producers of organic products face many administrative and systemic obstacles that prevent the faster development of this sector. On the other hand, consumers do not have complete confidence in the current mechanisms of control of organic production, so in the sale on the food markets and in the rest of the market, fake and unverified organic products can be found. Based on sensor data from the production field, this paper presents the SAFE platform as a solution for the described problem. The data necessary for producers to carry out the certification process are harmonized with the current legislation for organic food production. The SAFE platform uses blockchain technology to secure data consistency and history since it makes it impossible to change data history. The results of a survey about the SAFE platform are presented. The proposed solution stimulates the development and improvement of agricultural production by organic production methods, accompanied by increasing capacity in organic production.
The influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is spreading up rapidly in many areas of automated industrial systems. As automated industrial systems are becoming more complex, the demand for production without faults is growing and it starts to be a huge issue to solve complex problems with limited human resources and knowledge and within a limited time. The right solution is adopting AI in the process of making decisions in these problems. The potential of AI is growing in different aspects of manufacturing management and control of automated industrial systems. Edge computing on PLC gives the opportunity to put in practice the potential of AI, especially in fault prediction. In this paper are given recent trends in artificial intelligence for automated industrial systems.
Industry 4.0 is a paradigm that enhances industrial automation systems with the recent advances in the domain of the Internet of Things (IoT), gaining new possibilities and providing new services. Traditional industrial machines do not have IoT capabilities, and in order to integrate such a machine into Industry 4.0, there is a need for an intermediary device or system that communicates with the machine through its supported communication interfaces and protocols and forwards the communication to the global network. This paper presents the development and experimental validation of a low-cost hardware module that can easily integrate the machine’s existing control unit into the IoT and enable synchronization of the measurements and states of the variables of the machine and its environment with a cloud server. The developed module is universal, can connect to any control unit that is able to communicate through basic RS232 serial communication, and does not require the control unit to have any higher level communication protocol implemented. On the other end, the presented solution uses a dedicated smartphone application to provide remote monitoring and control of the machine through the cloud by using the synchronized variable states, as well as further possibilities for storing, processing, and analyzing the historical data from the system. The developed solution was experimentally validated on an experimental setup consisting of a conveyor belt driven by a three-phase asynchronous electromotor controlled by a programmable logic controller through a variable-frequency drive.
Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks are attracting a lot of attention primarily because of their ability to offer affordable connectivity to the low-power devices distributed over very large geographical areas. In realizing the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT), LPWA technologies complement and sometimes supersede the conventional cellular and short range wireless technologies in performance for various emerging smart city and machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. This review paper presents the design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates. We survey several emerging LPWA technologies and the standardization activities carried out by different standards development organizations (e.g., IEEE, IETF, 3GPP, ETSI) as well as the industrial consortia built around individual LPWA technologies (e.g., LORa Alliance,WEIGHTLESS-SIG, and DASH7 Alliance). We further note that LPWA technologies adopt similar approaches, thus sharing similar limitations and challenges. This paper expands on these research challenges and identifies potential directions to address them. While the proprietary LPWA technologies are already hitting the market with large nationwide roll-outs, this paper encourages an active engagement of the research community in solving problems that will shape the connectivity of tens of billions of devices in the next decade.
Testing the range of a LPWAN IoT RF module based on the Texas Instruments CC1200 chip
- L Tarjan
- B Tejić
- S Tegeltija
- I Šenk
- N Đukić
Tarjan, L., Tejić, B., Tegeltija, S., Šenk, I., & Đukić, N. (2018). Testing the range
of a LPWAN IoT RF module based on the Texas Instruments CC1200 chip (in
press). 9th International Scientific and Expert Conference TEAM 2018.