Enhancing Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad University on Advancing SDG

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the role of social media in promoting awareness of green university initiatives and assess the effectiveness of sustainability reports in engaging students at Baghdad University. In alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production),It seeks to provide recommendations for enhancing digital platforms for sustainability communication. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the Green University Model, Social Media Engagement Theory, and the Sustainability Reporting Framework, which emphasize integrating sustainable practices in education, using digital platforms for community engagement, and leveraging sustainability reports for transparency and trust-building. Method: A quantitative research design was employed, involving a structured questionnaire administered to 100 elite students at Baghdad University. The study analyzed social media usage patterns, awareness of sustainability initiatives, and perceptions of sustainability reporting. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal a significant association between social media engagement and increased awareness of green initiatives. Key results indicate that 94% of participants follow the university's official social media outlets, and 70% reported behavior changes due to exposure to sustainability-related content. However, gaps in communication about sustainability-focused student groups were identified. The results align with existing literature while emphasizing the need for improved visibility and strategic communication. Research Implications: This study underscores the critical role of social media and sustainability reporting in fostering environmental awareness and behavior change among students. It provides a localized perspective that can guide other universities in Iraq and similar regions in adopting effective sustainability communication strategies. Originality/Value: By focusing on Baghdad University, this study addresses a research gap in understanding the unique challenges of sustainability communication in developing regions, offering actionable insights for enhancing academic and community engagement in green practices.

Full text

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1
ENHANCING SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING IN GREEN UNIVERSITIES
THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA: A CASE STUDY OF BAGHDAD
UNIVERSITY ON ADVANCING SDG
Yassir Nori Mohammed
1
Mustafa Abdalsamea Abdalhamed
2
Mustafa Abbas Fadel
3
Ali Hussein Khudhair
4
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the role of social media in promoting awareness of
green university initiatives and assess the effectiveness of sustainability reports in engaging
students at Baghdad University. In alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 12
(Responsible Consumption and Production),It seeks to provide recommendations for enhancing
digital platforms for sustainability communication.
Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the Green University Model, Social Media
Engagement Theory, and the Sustainability Reporting Framework, which emphasize integrating
sustainable practices in education, using digital platforms for community engagement, and
leveraging sustainability reports for transparency and trust-building.
Method: A quantitative research design was employed, involving a structured questionnaire
administered to 100 elite students at Baghdad University. The study analyzed social media
usage patterns, awareness of sustainability initiatives, and perceptions of sustainability
reporting.
Results and Discussion: The findings reveal a significant association between social media
engagement and increased awareness of green initiatives. Key results indicate that 94% of
participants follow the university's official social media outlets, and 70% reported behavior
changes due to exposure to sustainability-related content. However, gaps in communication
about sustainability-focused student groups were identified. The results align with existing
literature while emphasizing the need for improved visibility and strategic communication.
Research Implications: This study underscores the critical role of social media and
sustainability reporting in fostering environmental awareness and behavior change among
students. It provides a localized perspective that can guide other universities in Iraq and similar
regions in adopting effective sustainability communication strategies.
Originality/Value: By focusing on Baghdad University, this study addresses a research gap in
understanding the unique challenges of sustainability communication in developing regions,
offering actionable insights for enhancing academic and community engagement in green
practices.
Keywords: sustainable reports, green universities, social media, consumption and production,
sustainable development goals (SDGs).
1
Central Library/university of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
E-mail: yassir_nori@uobaghdad.edu.iq
2
Central Library/university of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
E-mail: mustafa.sa@clib.uobaghdad.edu.iq
3
Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
E-mail: mustafa.a.034@ilps.uobaghdad.edu.iq
4
Ministry of Higher Education and Scintific Research, Baghdad, Iraq.
E-mail: Gs60092@student.upm.edu.my

SDGsReview | Florida, USA | VOL. 5| e05921| pag: 01-17| 2025.
Last name, name of the author. (2024). Job title
2
Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
1 INTRODUCTION
Universities are vital organizations that reflect the reality and nature of
the societies in which they are located and are a cradle for the education of
future leaders and meet the different needs of the global and local community,
as it has become necessary to shift to the roles of universities in community
service in the light of the green economy to turn into green universities that
achieve sustainable development, and in light of the increasing concerns
related to environmental issues, if universities have to respond to these
variables through the production of knowledge in education and scientific
research(Othman, 2022). Having recently witnessed remarkable technological
developments in which visual, audio and written communications flourished, as
modern technology was employed to promote and spread the culture of
sustainable development, which has an effective and positive role through
targeted brochures and read messages for the importance of the culture of
sustainable development, as social media contributes to spreading and
promoting the culture of preserving the environment, awareness, guidance and
guidance. and promote sustainable practices in curriculum, campus operations,
teaching and research as well as community engagement and accountability
(2023, Abumalah).
This study seeks to answer the following question: How does engagement
with social media platforms influence students' awareness and participation in
green university initiatives at Baghdad University? By addressing this question,
the study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of digital platforms in
promoting environmental stewardship among academic communities, offering
a model for other universities in Iraq and the region."
The current study seeks to raise issues related to sustainability and
provide users with relevant information by transferring the most important
news and topics and following up on all actions and decisions that are taken
Received: Dec/10/2024
Accepted: Feb/10/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n03.pe05921

SDGsReview | Florida, USA | VOL. 5| e05921| pag: 01-17| 2025.
Last name, name of the author. (2024). Job title
3
Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
and reporting on them through the sustainability report (Wahabi, 2015).
Universities enhance their reputation as institutions committed to sustainability
as well as interact with students, staff and the local community and receive
feedback and suggestions on sustainability reports, which helps in improving
the quality of these reports and making them more relevant to the needs of
beneficiaries. Based on that the study objectives will be as follows:
1. "To evaluate the role of social media in promoting awareness of green
initiatives among students."
2. "To assess the effectiveness of sustainability reports published by
Baghdad University in engaging students."
3. "To provide recommendations for enhancing the use of digital platforms
for sustainability communication."
2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
The theoretical framework serves as the foundation of this study,
providing a structured and critical analysis of existing literature relevant to
green universities, sustainability reports, and the role of social media in
promoting environmental awareness. By integrating theories, models, and
previous research, this section contextualizes the key concepts, highlighting
their interconnections and relevance to the objectives of this study. It further
identifies gaps and contradictions within the literature, establishing the need
for focused research on how social media platforms influence student
engagement with sustainability initiatives at Baghdad University. This
framework underpins the analysis and guides the development of
recommendations, ensuring alignment with the study's overarching goals.
2.1 KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
1) Green Universities: The term green universities was first proposed in
China in 1972 (The Declaration of the Human Environment) and in 1998
they proposed the dimensions of implementation, as it was signed by 32
universities in China to transform into green universities (2015).al et

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
Ruimin ). Green universities have a key role in achieving a more advanced
level of sustainability by using the Green University's campus maturity
rating tool, and it is known as the university that features a green campus
to build environmentally friendly sustainable living practices in
educational institutions around the world (Osman, 2022). Green
universities are also defined as academic institutions that eradicate
environmental illiteracy on campus and promote sustainability by using
hybrid energy systems and relying on photovoltaic energy and wind
turbines as well as solar energy and supporting scientific research to
serve the environment (Dursun, 2018)There are many Reasons and
justifications for switching to green universities;
a. The rapid development in all economic and social activities due to
technology with changing patterns of progress and life, which negatively
affected the environment as well as the exposure of the environment to
danger in human sustainable development, hence the role of green
universities in meeting the needs of the environment and sustainable
development and the pursuit of human welfare in order to inherit
knowledge and culture to know the so-called sustainable campus (2021,
Chia );
b. Society is facing many environmental challenges in the social and
economic fields that require governmental organizations and
communities to respond quickly and participate in reclamation and
sustainable development, which has become very important globally
(2020, silvia et al );
c. The growing need for a more sustainable society has affected the higher
education sector significantly, as it represents an increasing challenge
for academics, students and policymakers by reducing the negative
effects of university activities on society as well as promoting sustainable
practices in curricula and scientific research (Othman, 2022);
2) Green Campus : The green campus is defined as the campus that is
characterized by the integration of the education system with scientific
research as well as the sustainable environment and societal framework
and that has a positive impact on the economy, environment and society,

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
applies best practices in green sustainable development, and has the
intellectual ability to integrate scientific and environmental values into
its programs and tasks (2019, Lourrinx ). From the above, it is clear that
green universities have a major role in achieving green sustainability and
their contribution to reducing its negative effects on the environment
through the green campus, in which the green education system and
green scientific research integrate together and promote positive
practices and cultural awareness inside and outside the university
(Othman, 2022).
Green Economy: The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
defined a green economy as one that improves human well-being and social
justice while significantly reducing environmental risks and can be considered
a low-carbon, resource-efficient, pollution-reduced, socially inclusive economy
that promotes energy and resource use (2011, United Nations Environment).
The World Bank has defined green economy as everything necessary for green
growth, which is effective in the use of natural resources and cleanliness, and
which reduces environmental impacts and air pollution, as well as the role of
environmental management in dealing with it, which is inclusive growth (Rosa
and Marti, 2019). The green economy aims to link the requirements of
achieving development of all kinds, including human development and
environmental protection, and it is one of the important tools in achieving
sustainable development and enhancing the ability to manage natural resources
in a sustainable manner, increase the efficiency of resource use and achieve
economic prosperity and social security, and it can be said that the relationship
between the green economy and sustainability is a relationship of the part with
the whole, so sustainability is achieved only through the achievement of
environmental rehabilitation, as the latter is considered part of Integral to the
sustainability process (Boutoura et al., 2023)

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
Figure 1
The Relationship Between The Green Economy And Sustainability.
Source: Boutoura, Fadila, Blao, Haider Hamid, Boutoura, Fatima Al-Zahra, Abed, Miqdad
Jassem, 2023. Green universities as a mechanism for developing sustainable infrastructure: a
sample study of the experiences of Arab universities, Al-Muthanna Journal for Administrative
and Economic Sciences. Volume 13 – Issue 3. pp. 38-48.
3) Sustainability Report: The concept of sustainability report is defined as
"a tool used to bridge the information gap arising from the lack of
information provided by the economic unit and the demands of
stakeholders" (Younes, 2021). It is also defined as "reports that contain
information on the performance of the economic unit in three main
areas, namely economic, social and environmental, and the total
constitutes the net added value of society" (Al-Mubaideen, 2016). Radi
and Ibrahim believe that the sustainability report is a key platform for
communicating sustainability performance that presents the values of
the economic unit and clarifies the link between its strategies and
commitment to a sustainable global economy, as well as it helps the
economic unit to measure and understand economic, environmental and
social performance and then set goals and manage change in a more
effective way (Radi and Ibrahim, 2022). Sustainability reports are
integrated into the traditional annual report, prompting some to demand
standards for reporting on sustainability (Abbas and Al-Dabbas, 2020), as
well as providing sufficient information on all aspects of the performance
of the economic unit to stakeholders to enable them to know its vision,
future direction and current and future strategy (Abdullah and Wadi,
2018), improve reputation, gain trust and respect, and contribute to
rationalizing decisions. (Hassan and Jawad, 2021);

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
4) Social media and its awareness role: Modern technology, including social
media, has become the ways of thinking of the emerging digital
generations, and adhering to the traditional methods of education will
lead to a sharp separation between the ways in which students learn in
educational institutions and their ways of thinking in the outside world,
so it must be imperative for educators to mitigate this separation only,
but also to take advantage of the power of technology for the purpose of
achieving educational gains for the fundamental transformation of
educational systems to adapt to the surrounding world (Saelik and the
customer, 2013). Social networking sites have become a medium of
communication and they provide economic units with new ways to
perform their work in a way that leads to the development of awareness
and submission of proposals (Al-Shaher, 2018). According to the vision
of specialists, social media has several types, the first is concerned with
communication and information exchange, such as blogs published in
periodic articles or partial blogs such as Twitter or networking sites such
as (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram and others), while the second type
is concerned with a work team, for example, Wikipedia, and the third
type is concerned with multiple communication sites such as YouTube.
The fourth type is represented by opinion and review sites such as Yahoo,
Ask.com and the fifth is social sites of an entertainment nature,
represented by gaming sites (2023 Abu Maleh). The role of social media
in promoting and building sustainable awareness
:
a. Environmental awareness: It consists of several elements that in turn
contribute to the formation of environmental awareness, including:
b. Environmental education: This stage starts from the child's upbringing
and depends on the role of parents and then the role of educational
institutions to the stage of university education to build competencies
among members of society and teach them in dealing with environmental
problems in scientific ways;
c. Environmental culture: It stems from the role of intellectuals and
specialists in environmental sciences through training courses and

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
scientific meetings in everything related to environmental issues related
to Society;
d. Environmental media: It is an important role in publishing and
broadcasting issues related to the environment and is of great
importance in publishing audio and print environmental issues,
newspapers, magazines and other means (Wahabi, 2015);
e. Health awareness: Health education improves the quality of life of the
individual and society alike by disseminating data and concepts related
to health in society and adopting the correct behavior to prevent diseases
and identify their health problems, and that social media has an effective
role in promoting messages that urge the preservation of public health
and contribute to raising the level of health education (Abu Maleh, 2023);
f. Consumer awareness: Social media of all kinds is considered one of the
effective mechanisms in combating negative consumer habits because of
the strength and influence of the media in the ranks of society, as
television and radio programs and social media contribute to spreading
awareness among consumers and working to avoid them for a strong and
sound society, and that social media is a platform for educational
programs and community awareness of the seriousness of negative
consumption habits that sweep societies today (Mahmoud, 2018).
2.2 THEORIES AND MODELS
The foundation of this study draws upon key theories and models related
to sustainability and social media's role in promoting environmental awareness.
One prominent framework is the Green University Model, which emphasizes
the integration of sustainable practices in education, research, and campus
operations to foster environmental stewardship. This model underscores the
importance of resource efficiency, renewable energy adoption, waste
management, and biodiversity conservation within academic institutions.
Additionally, the Social Media Engagement Theory highlights how digital
platforms can influence behavior and attitudes by providing accessible,
engaging, and interactive content. Social media platforms enable organizations

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
to disseminate information, build communities, and inspire collective action
toward sustainability goals.
The study also considers the Sustainability Reporting Framework, which
provides guidelines for organizations to measure and communicate their
environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. This framework is
particularly relevant to universities as they leverage sustainability reports to
enhance transparency, foster trust, and engage stakeholders in green
initiatives.
By combining these theories, the research aims to explore how Baghdad
University's use of social media and sustainability reporting aligns with these
established models to promote awareness and participation among students,
addressing both the theoretical and practical aspects of sustainable
development in academia.
2.3 IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH GAPS
Despite the growing body of literature on sustainability and the role of
social media in promoting environmental awareness, several gaps remain
unaddressed. First, while existing studies have explored the use of
sustainability reports in various organizational contexts, limited research
focuses specifically on their application within higher education institutions,
particularly in the context of green universities. This leaves a gap in
understanding how universities can effectively use these reports to engage their
communities and foster a culture of sustainability.
Second, most studies on social media engagement and environmental
awareness emphasize global trends or focus on developed regions. There is a
lack of research addressing the unique challenges and opportunities in
developing countries, such as Iraq, where infrastructure, cultural attitudes, and
technological adoption may differ significantly.
Lastly, while some studies highlight the impact of social media on
individual behavior, they often neglect to assess how these platforms can be
leveraged strategically to achieve organizational sustainability goals, especially
within academic settings. The role of social media in bridging communication

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
gaps and increasing the visibility of sustainability-focused student groups also
remains underexplored.
This study aims to address these gaps by investigating how Baghdad
University utilizes social media platforms and sustainability reports to enhance
student awareness, engagement, and participation in green initiatives,
providing a localized and practical perspective on the issue.
3 METHODODOLOGY
To achieve the study goals the study used quantitative research design
to investigate the relationship between participation in social media and
awareness of green initiatives among students of the University of Baghdad.
The sample consisted of 100 elite students from Baghdad University. Elite
students were selected based on their academic performance and involvement
in extracurricular activities, ensuring a diverse representation of the student
body. Participants were chosen through purposive sampling to ensure the
inclusion of individuals with varying degrees of social media engagement and
awareness of sustainability initiatives
.
The research used a structured questionnaire to collect data on students'
use of social media, awareness of the university's sustainability efforts, and
attitudes towards sustainability reports on social media platforms. The study
focused on analyzing the content of the current sustainability reports of the
University of Baghdad, evaluating their effectiveness in communicating with
the public via social media, identifying best practices and challenges in creating
effective sustainability reports for universities. Through the case study of the
University of Baghdad and providing recommendations to improve the content
of sustainability reports and ways to publish them through social media to
increase awareness and community engagement as well as providing a practical
case study of the University of Baghdad as a role model for other universities in
Iraq and the region.
Participants were approached in person and provided with information
about the study objectives and procedures. They were then asked to voluntarily
participate by completing a structured questionnaire either online or in print

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
format, based on their preference. The questionnaire comprised items related
to social media usage patterns, awareness of university sustainability efforts,
and perceptions of sustainability reporting on social media platforms. Data
collection took place over a specified period to ensure consistency in responses.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The study reveals a strong association between social media engagement
and awareness of Baghdad University sustainability efforts among the sampled
students. Results indicate a prevalent and substantial engagement with social
media platforms, with 94% of participants actively subscribing to the official
social media outlets affiliated with Baghdad University. These findings align
with (Us, Pimonenko et al. 2022), who highlight the importance of universities
using social media effectively to increase awareness of environmentally friendly
living and interact with their audiences effectively. Table1 illustrates this
association. Moreover, the study shows that 57% of respondents express
favorable sentiments towards encountering sustainability reports-related
publications on social media, highlighting the informational value perceived in
university sustainability reports shared through digital channels. This study
replicates the findings of (Filippo, Benayas et al. 2020), who found that
mentions of sustainability reports in social media have increased dramatically
over the past decade.

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
Table 1
Association between Social Media Usage and Awareness of Baghdad University's
Green Initiatives
Questions
Answers
Samples (n=100)
Frequency
Social Media Usage
Never
1
Rarely
3
Occasionally
24
Frequently
52
Very Frequently
20
Follow Baghdad
University Pages
Yes
94
No
6
Seen Sustainability
Reports Posts
Yes
57
No
43
Perceived
Informativeness of
Posts
Not informative
12
Informative
13
Very informative
75
Awareness of
University's Green
Initiatives
Slightly aware
3
Moderately
23
Aware
27
Very aware
47
In the context of fostering a unified community centered on
environmentally conscious initiatives, Table 2 elucidates 48% of surveyed
students underscored the pivotal role of sustainability reports disseminated via
social media platforms of Baghdad university. This observation resonates with
the findings of (Gori, Romolini et al. 2020), who assert the instrumental nature
of social media in advancing sustainability endeavors within university settings,
they explain that the University utilize social media channels to publicize their
green initiatives, with a particular emphasis on fostering community
engagement.
However, despite this recognition, a mere 31% of students reported
familiarity with existing student groups dedicated to environmental and
sustainability themes, indicating a potential gap in communication or visibility
surrounding such initiatives within the university community. Nonetheless, 58%
of respondents emphasized the transformative role of sustainability reports on
social media in spurring student involvement in green initiatives on campus.
This sentiment aligns with the observations of (Pérez-Pérez, Benito-Osorio et
al. 2023), who contend that the Sharing Economy holds promise in facilitating
countries' sustainability objectives and advancing towards more sustainable
consumption and living models. This is evidenced by the analysis of government

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
action plans and the anticipated contributions of sharing platforms to
sustainability efforts.
Table 2
Social Media and Building a Green Community
Questions
Answers
Samples (n=100)
Frequency
Social Media for
Green Communities
Disagree
1
Neutral
6
Agree
45
Strongly agree
48
Awareness of Green
Student Groups
Yes
31
No
69
Participation in Green
Groups
Yes
85
No
15
Social media for
Green Initiatives
Disagree
1
Neutral
9
Agree
58
Strongly agree
32
Importance of
Community for Green
Practices
Not important
5
Slightly important
7
Moderately important
42
Very important
46
The study found that exposure to positive social media posted and
actions related to green university sustainability reporting influenced student
behavior. Notably, 36% of sampled students acknowledged encountering
sustainability reports via social media channels, with 44% affirming that these
reports served as sources of inspiration towards adopting more sustainable
behaviors. Research by (Calderon, Manuela Jr et al. 2023) indicates that
sustainability reporting plays a crucial role in shaping organizational behavior
towards sustainability, promoting environmentally and socially responsible
actions. Additionally, 70% of respondents reported effecting changes in their
daily habits, such as recycling or reducing plastic usage, attributable to their
heightened awareness of sustainability narratives circulated through social
media platforms. Findings from (Meiksin, Afful et al. 2023) highlight that
sustainability reports inspire sustainable behaviors by reducing plastic
consumption, aligning with global efforts to decrease overall plastic demand
for a greener environment.

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
Table 3
Impact of Social Media Engagement on Students' Sustainability Behaviors and
Motivations
Questions
Answers
Samples (n=100)
Frequency
Motivation from Green
Reports
Never
4
Rarely
14
Occasionally
35
Frequently
44
Behavior Change from
social media
Yes
70
No
30
Peer Influence on
Sustainability
Moderate influence
13
influence
28
Strong influence
59
Exposure to Green
Social Media Posts
Never
2
Rarely
5
Occasionally
11
Frequently
36
Furthermore, as shown in figure 2, 47% of respondents advocated for the
activation of student media groups to enhance transparency, accountability,
and active participation in sustainability discourse within the university
ecosystem as shown in figure 1. Research by (Mason 2020) suggests that student
media groups can contribute significantly to enhancing transparency,
accountability, and active participation in sustainability discourse by
disseminating information and facilitating discussions among stakeholders.
Figure 2
The Role of Student Media Groups in Enhancing Sustainability Discourse
1% 11%
41%
47%
Not important Slightly important Important Very important

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Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
5 CONCLUSION
The research reveals a strong relationship between participation in social
media and awareness of sustainability initiatives among elite students at the
University of Baghdad. With 94% actively following official channels, social
media plays a pivotal role in sharing sustainability reports. Positive social media
posts in sustainability reports influence student attitudes, with 70% adopting
environmentally friendly habits. The study also highlights the ability of social
media to build community cohesion around environmental efforts, although
there is a need to improve communication around existing sustainability groups.
Student media groups are called upon to promote transparency and participate
in sustainability discourse. The University of Baghdad’s effective use of social
media for environmental stewardship contributes to achieving a sustainable
future.

SDGsReview | Florida, USA | VOL. 5| e05921| pag: 01-17| 2025.
Last name, name of the author. (2024). Job title
16
Mohammed, Y., N., Abdalhamed, M., A., Fadel, M., A., Khudhair, A., H. (2025) Enhancing
Sustainability Reporting in Green Universities Through Social Media: A Case Study of Baghdad
University on Advancing SDG
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