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Exercise behavior and quality of life of the elderly in Northeastern, Thailand
Abstract
Exercise has been demonstrated to be crucial for promoting health and quality of life among the elderly population, encompassing physical, mental, social, and cognitive aspects. However, there remains a paucity of information regarding exercise behavior and associated factors in Buriram Province. This descriptive research aimed to investigate exercise behavior and quality of life among the elderly population in Buriram Province. The study sample comprised 577 elderly individuals, selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected between August and November 2024 using questionnaires and interviews, with a reliability coefficient of 0.79 and an IOC value of 1.00. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. The majority of elderly individuals exhibited a high level of exercise behavior (59.10%). Key factors influencing exercise behavior included attitudes, monthly income, and chronic illnesses, with attitudes emerging as the most significant predictor. Overall, the quality of life ranged from good to very good across all assessed aspects. Elderly individuals with positive attitudes demonstrated consistent exercise behavior and improved quality of life.
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Background
Falls and fall-related injuries remain a global challenge and threat to the health of older adults. Specific strength and balance exercises are effective in preventing falls among community-dwelling older adults. Nevertheless, provision of evidence-based fall prevention interventions to a broad population represents a healthcare challenge, indicating that new models for promoting exercise among community-dwelling older adults need to be addressed. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a peer-led group-based exercise intervention provided using the train-the-trainer approach and targeting physical performance, activity level, handgrip strength, quality of life, fall-related self-efficacy, fear of falling, and falling techniques compared with a control group at 8-week follow-up.
Methods
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) included trainers and participants who were recruited from four collaborating regional organizations for retired persons. The intervention was planned to be provided in five municipalities in Sweden, depending on the location of the registered trainers.
Eligible participants included adults aged ≥ 60 years who could walk independently and understand written and oral information in Swedish. The FallFitness multicomponent exercise program delivered weekly strength, balance, and falling techniques over eight weeks. It was evaluated using the train-the-trainer approach. Fourteen older adults were eligible for trainer education, and 101 participants were randomly allocated for the FallFitness exercise (n = 50) or a control group (n = 51).
Results
After 8 weeks of peer-led training, the short multicomponent exercise program significantly improved the physical activity levels (p = 0.036) and backward and sideways falling techniques (p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group. Fear of falling significantly decreased in the exercise group (p = 0.009). Other outcomes in this study showed to be non-significant.
Conclusions
The multicomponent exercise program provided in eight sessions using the train-the-trainer approach may be effective in promoting physical activity and the learning of motor skills and safe landing strategies. Furthermore, the FallFitness exercise program may reduce the fear of falling and may be both time- and cost-effective.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06265480 (20240208).
Background
Many older adults live with the combination of multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) and frailty and are at increased risk of a deterioration in health requiring interaction with healthcare services. Low skeletal muscle strength is observed in individuals living with MLTC and is central to physical frailty. Resistance exercise (RE) is the best available treatment for improving muscle strength, but little is known about the attitudes and barriers to RE in this group of older adults. This study therefore aimed to explore the knowledge of and attitudes towards RE, as well as the barriers and enabling factors, in older adults living with MLTC, frailty and a recent deterioration in health.
Methods
Fourteen participants aged 69–92 years (10 women) from the Lifestyle in Later Life – Older People’s Medicine (LiLL-OPM) study were recruited from an Older People’s Medicine Day Unit in Newcastle, UK. Participants were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview exploring their knowledge and attitudes as well as barriers and enabling factors to RE. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
The analysis generated three themes (1) a lack of awareness and understanding of RE, (2) a self-perceived inability to perform RE; physical and psychological barriers and (3) willingness to perform RE under expert guidance. There was a general lack of awareness and understanding of RE, with most participants having never heard of the term and being unaware of its potential benefits. When RE was described, participants stated that they would be willing to try RE, but it was apparent that an individualised approach underpinned by expert guidance would be required to support engagement.
Conclusions
Older adults living with MLTC, frailty and a recent deterioration in health lack awareness and understanding of RE. Despite a range of barriers, this group appear willing to engage in RE if they are appropriately supported. There is a need to co-design and deliver effective strategies, including education, to raise awareness and understanding of RE, as well as promote engagement in RE, in this group of older adults.
Objective
To present a systematic review of randomized controlled trials which summarizes the effects of community-based resistance, balance, and multi-component exercise interventions on the parameters of functional ability (e.g., lower extremities muscle strength, balance performance and mobility).
Methods
This PROSPERO-registered systematic review (registration no. CRD42023434808) followed the PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was conducted in Cochrane, Embase, Ovid Medline, PEDro, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. We included RCTs that investigated the following interventions: lower extremity strengthening, balance and multi-component exercise interventions on ambulatory community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years.
Results
Lower extremity strengthening exercises revealed significant effects on the strength of lower extremity, balance outcomes and mobility. Balance exercises reduce the rate of injurious falls, improve static, dynamic and reactive balance, lower extremity strength as well as mobility. Multi-component exercise training reduces medically-attended injurious falls and fallers, incidence of falls, fall-related emergency department visits as well as improves mobility, balance, and lower extremity strength.
Conclusion
Physical exercises are effective in improving the components of balance, lower extremity strength, mobility, and reducing falls and fall-related injuries. Further research on fall prevention in low-income countries as well as for older adults in vulnerable context is needed.
Introduction
Healthcare for the aging population has become a crucial issue in South Korea to maintain the elderly's quality of life, and physical activity is of primary importance for older adults. This study evaluated the exercise characteristics and satisfaction of the elderly who participated in physical activity programs provided by senior welfare centers in South Korea.
Methods
We surveyed 266 participants to learn the characteristics of the elderly's exercise participation and their satisfaction with instructors, exercise programs, and facilities provided by senior welfare centers. A total of 263 copies were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 statistical software.
Results and discussion
The top three physical activity programs that the elderly participated in senior welfare centers were dancing (25.3%), gymnastics (24.8%), and table tennis/badminton (13.2%). There were significant differences in respondents' satisfaction according to sex, education level, spouse, family type, and monthly income per household (p < 0.05). The elderly were satisfied with programs (4.183 ± 0.483), facilities (3.881 ± 0.483), and instructors (3.604 ± 0.483) in order. Also, this study shows that user satisfaction differs depending on the demographic characteristics (gender, education, marital status, family type, economic status) and the characteristics of the exercise participation of the elderly (exercise duration, participation period).
Conclusions
In conclusion, we presented the elderly's satisfaction with physical activity programs in senior welfare centers, suggesting that the elderly need physical activity programs according to their demographic and exercise characteristics.
Background
Family physicians serve an important role in the care of older adults, and have variable levels of training and comfort navigating this complex patient population. The Care of the Elderly (COE) Certificate of Added Competence offered by The College of Family Physicians of Canada recognizes family physicians with advanced expertise in older adult healthcare. We explored how COE training and certification impacts primary care delivery to older patients, including factors that impact group practice.
Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of multiple case study data to explore similarities and differences within and across cases. We defined cases as a practice or collective of family physicians working within a defined group of patients in an interconnected community. We analyzed semi-structured interview transcripts (n = 48) from six practice groups of family physicians across Canada using conventional (unconstrained, inductive) content analysis.
Results
We identified similarities and differences in how COE family physicians function within their group practice and the broader healthcare system. In some cases, COE certifications increased patients’ access to geriatric resources by reducing travel and wait times. Some physicians observed minimal changes in their role or group practice after earning the COE designation, including continuing to largely function as a generalist. While family physicians tended to highly value their COE CAC, this designation was differentially recognized by others.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the impacts and limitations of COE training and certification, including an opportunity for COE family physicians to fill knowledge and practice gaps. As the number of older adults in Canada continues to grow and increasingly rely on primary care services, COE family physicians are uniquely positioned to strengthen the health system’s capacity to deliver specialized geriatric care.
This study aimed to analyze the effects of multicomponent exercise training in older
women with osteoporosis. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (number CRD42022331137). We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and CINHAL databases for randomized experimental trials that analyzed the effects of physical exercise on health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis. The risk of bias in the studies was verified using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Jadad scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 544 participants in the experimental group and 495 in the control
group. The mean age of all participants was 68.4 years. The studies combined two to four different exercise types, including strength, aerobic, balance, flexibility, and/or functional fitness training. The practice of multicomponent training with an average of 27.2 weeks, 2.6 sessions per week, and 45 min per session showed improvements in strength, flexibility, quality of life, bone mineral density, balance, and functional fitness and reduced the risk of falls in older women with osteoporosis. Multicomponent training was shown to be effective in improving health-related variables in older women with osteoporosis.
Background:
Frailty is a serious physical disorder affecting the elderly all over the world. However, the frail elderly have low physical fitness, which limits the effectiveness of current exercise programs. Inspired by this, we attempted to integrate Baduanjin and strength and endurance exercises into an exercise program to improve the physical fitness and alleviate frailty among the elderly. Additionally, to achieve the goals of personalized medicine, machine learning simulations were performed to predict post-intervention frailty.
Methods:
A total of 171 frail elderly individuals completed the experiment, including a Baduanjin group (BDJ), a strength and endurance training group (SE), and a combination of Baduanjin and strength and endurance training group (BDJSE), which lasted for 24 weeks. Physical fitness was evaluated by 10-meter maximum walk speed (10 m MWS), grip strength, the timed up-and-go test (TUGT), and the 6 min walk test (6 min WT). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA were carried out to analyze the experimental data. In addition, nine machine learning models were utilized to predict the frailty status after the intervention.
Results:
In 10 m MWS and TUGT, there was a significant interactive influence between group and time. When comparing the BDJ group and the SE group, participants in the BDJSE group demonstrated the maximum gains in 10 m MWS and TUGT after 24 weeks of intervention. The stacking model surpassed other algorithms in performance. The accuracy and precision rates were 75.5% and 77.1%, respectively.
Conclusion:
The hybrid exercise program that combined Baduanjin with strength and endurance training proved more effective at improving fitness and reversing frailty in elderly individuals. Based on the stacking model, it is possible to predict whether an elderly person will exhibit reversed frailty following an exercise program.
Studies have proved that activity and fitness behaviors are closely related to the quality of life and health status of the elderly. However, different intensities of physical activity (PA)—walking, moderate PA, and vigorous PA—have different correlations with the built environment (BE). This study combines the high and low socioeconomic status (SES) of Guangzhou to establish two types of BE models. The physical activity time of 600 elderly people was collected from questionnaires. Through ArcGIS software, 300 m, 500 m, 800 m, and 1000 m buffer zones were identified, and the land use diversity, street design, population density, distance to destination, distance to public transportation—the five Ds of the BE—were measured. SPSS software was adopted to analyze the correlation between the BE and PA. Results: The PA of people living in low-SES areas was more dependent on the BE, whereas the correlation may be limited in high SES areas. Moreover, in low SES areas, walking was negatively correlated with street connectivity; moderate PA was positively correlated with street connectivity and the shortest distance to the subway station, but negatively correlated with the density of entertainment points of interest (POIs). Studying the relevant factors of the environment can propose better strategies to improve the initiative of the elderly to engage in PA.
Background
In the context of worldwide public health, it is very important to promote physical activity among the older people. This study explored the roles and attitudes of senior leaders in promoting group-based exercise in their local communities, specifically to determine the level and extent to which to elderly participation was encouraged.
Methods
This study conducted semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews and employed a subsequent thematic analysis. Participants included 10 club leaders and five sub-leaders who were working at senior clubs in Fujisawa-city, Kanagawa, Japan, from July to September 2018.
Results
Four themes emerged from the interview responses, including “unwavering attitude/conviction in relation to the vision,” “leaders must set an example,” “a search for balance in delegating responsibilities to members,” and “creating and fostering culture and environment of mutual help.” Further, each participant outlined several aims, including “achieving healthy longevity for the entire local community,” “having older people promote healthy activities among the older people,” and “creating a pro-health town.”
Conclusions
Findings indicate that policymakers, public health workers, and healthcare providers should recognize the pivotal roles that senior group leaders play in promoting healthy activities for the older people. These efforts should be strongly considered when developing policies and strategies designed to promote overall healthy longevity from a general community perspective.
Background: The aim of the present work is the elaboration of a systematic review of existing research on physical fitness, self-efficacy for physical exercise, and quality of life in adulthood. Method: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines, and based on the findings in 493 articles, the final sample was composed of 37 articles, which were reviewed to show whether self-efficacy has previously been studied as a mediator in the relationship between physical fitness and quality of life in adulthood. Results: The results indicate that little research exists in relation to healthy, populations with the majority being people with pathology. Physical fitness should be considered as a fundamental aspect in determining the functional capacity of the person. Aerobic capacity was the most evaluated and the 6-min walk test was the most used. Only one article shows the joint relationship between the three variables. Conclusions: We discuss the need to investigate the mediation of self-efficacy in relation to the value of physical activity on quality of life and well-being in the healthy adult population in adult life.
Background
The elderly in rural areas comprise over half of the older population in China, and their health problems are a matter of great concern for the Chinese government and society. Among the many factors affecting health, social capital has generated much interest in academic research. Exploring the relationship between social capital and individual health among the elderly in rural China provides ways to improve the health of Chinese people, which has a positive impact on policy.
Methods
We selected 3719 respondents from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Structural and cognitive social capital were obtained via exponentiation of variables (mean of zero and a standard deviation of one) and by giving them equal weight. Ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimators were used to analyze the association between social capital and individual health. We explored the mechanism linking structural and cognitive social capital with individual health through a mediation effect analysis.
Results
After correcting for endogeneity bias, structural social capital had a positive correlation with individual health among the elderly, with a coefficient of 0.062 (95% CI: 0.020-0.104). Cognitive social capital also had a positive correlation with individual health, with a coefficient of 0.097 (95% CI: 0.060-0.135). Physical exercise and positive attitude were two significant mediating variables of the relationship between social capital and individual health in the study group, with mediating effects of 0.018 and 0.054, respectively.
Conclusions
Cognitive social capital played a stronger role than structural social capital in promoting individual health among the elderly. Physical exercise and positive attitude mediated the relationship between social capital and individual health. Policymakers should not only build basic medical and health care systems but also consistently cultivate and strengthen structural and cognitive social capital among the elderly in rural China.
Background:
There is a lack of information regarding health literacy (HL) in elderly people in Vietnam.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the health literacy and the associated factors in elderly people in Vietnam.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 300 elderly people aged 55 years and above. Data were obtained from study participants using face-to-face interviews using designed questionnaires on sociodemographics, behaviors, and health literacy. Multiple linear regression models were performed to identify potential determinants of health literacy.
Results:
HL scores were 29.70 ± 8.20 for the general HL dimension, 32.00 ± 9.60 for the healthcare dimension, 21.97 ± 10.06 for the disease prevention dimension, and 35.15 ± 9.43 for the health promotion dimension. In the final model, age was negatively associated with HL (B - coefficient = -0.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (-0.17 to -0.008), P = 0.030). Occupation (B = 4.77, 95% CI (3.18 to 6.36), P < 0.001), taking care of children (B = 1.68, 95% CI (0.21 to 3.15), P = 0.025), social activity (B = 4.61, 95% CI (2.86 to 6.37), P < 0.001), doing exercises (B = 2.52, 95% CI (1.07 to 3.96), P = 0.001), television watching (B = 2.10, 95% CI (0.75 to 3.45), P = 0.002), using the Internet (B = 2.93, 95% CI (1.29 to 4.57), P = 0.001), and social connection (B = 3.50, 95% CI (1.23 to 5.78), P = 0.003) were positively associated with HL, respectively.
Conclusion:
Age, occupation, and a number of behaviors were significantly associated with HL in elder people. Health education campaigns should take into account the above factors as facilitating access to the Internet and providing opportunities for social networks for the elderly.
Background:
The ability to walk and perform cognitive tasks simultaneously is a key aspect of daily life. Performance declines in these dual-tasks may be associated with early signs of neurodegenerative disease and increased risk of falls. Thus, interventions to improve dual-task walking performance are of great interest for promoting healthy aging. Here, we present results of a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effects of a simultaneous aerobic exercise and cognitive training intervention on dual-task walking performance in healthy older adults.
Methods:
Community-dwelling, healthy older adults were recruited to participate in a 12-week RCT. Participants were randomized into one of four groups (n = 74): 1) cognitive training (COG), 2) aerobic exercise (EX), 3) combined aerobic exercise and cognitive training (EXCOG), and 4) video-watching control (CON). The COG and EXCOG groups both used a tablet-based cognitive training program that challenged aspects of executive cognitive function, memory, and processing speed. Performance on a dual-task walking test (DTWT; serial subtraction during two-minute walk) was assessed by researchers blinded to groupings before the intervention, and at 6 and 12 weeks. We included all participants randomized with baseline measurements in an intention to treat analysis using linear mixed effects models.
Results:
We found a significant group by time interaction for cognitive performance on the DTWT (p = 0.039). Specifically, participants in the EXCOG, EX, and COG groups significantly improved on the cognitive aspect of the DTWT following the full 12-week intervention (p = 3.5e-7, p = 0.048, p = 0.048, respectively). The improvements in EXCOG were twice as large as in the other groups, and were significant at 6 weeks (p = 0.019). The CON group did not show a significant change in cognitive performance on the DTWT, and no group significantly altered dual-task gait measures following the intervention.
Conclusions:
A simultaneous aerobic exercise and cognitive training intervention significantly improved cognitive performance during a DTWT in healthy older adults. Despite no change in DTWT gait measures, significant improvements in cognitive performance indicate that further investigation in a larger RCT is warranted.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04120792, Retrospectively Registered 08 October 2019.
Background:
Mindfulness practice and exercise are ways by which older adults can improve and maintain their physical, emotional and cognitive health.
Methods:
This single-site qualitative study gathered insights of older adults' perceptions about initiating and maintaining mindfulness and exercise practices. We carried out focus groups with 41 adults aged 65-85 who had recently initiated Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), structured exercise, or their combination as part of participation in a clinical trial. We used a semi-structured interview to ask them open-ended questions regarding the benefits, barriers and facilitators of participating in mindfulness and/or exercise interventions. The interview also included questions regarding translation of these practices into community settings as well as the long-term maintenance potential of these practices.
Results:
Older adults indicated that the mindfulness training increased their awareness and self-reflection and fostered a more self-accepting attitude. Furthermore, they improved their self-care habits and reported having better familial and social relationships. The main barrier for both the exercise and Mindfulness group was time management. The social benefits and sense of community were some of the primary motivators for older adults in the exercise and/or MBSR interventions. However, the research on how to motivate older adults to initiate healthy behavioral changes also needs to be answered. The benefits of exercise and MBSR are a motivation in and of themselves, as indicated by some of the participants.
Conclusions:
This study indicates that mindfulness training and exercise can serve as tools to cultivate important health lifestyle qualities among older adults, who are in the midst of mental, social, emotional and physical change. If it were not for the purpose of the research or the incentives provided by the research team, these older adults may have never started the healthy behavioral changes. From the responses, this may indicate that older adults may need more incentives to begin and maintain behavioral changes other than for their own health benefit.
Regular exercise positively impacts neurocognitive health, particularly in aging individuals. However, low adherence, particularly among older adults, hinders the adoption of exercise routines. While brain plasticity mechanisms largely support the cognitive benefits of exercise, the link between physiological and behavioral factors influencing exercise adherence remains unclear. This study aimed to explore this association in sedentary middle‐aged and older adults. Thirty‐one participants underwent an evaluation of cortico‐motor plasticity using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure changes in motor‐evoked potentials following intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS). Health history, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise‐related behavioral factors were also assessed. The participants engaged in a 2‐month supervised aerobic exercise program, attending sessions three times a week for 60 min each, totaling 24 sessions at a moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity. They were divided into Completers ( n = 19), who attended all sessions, and Dropouts ( n = 12), who withdrew early. Completers exhibited lower smoking rates, exercise barriers, and resting heart rates compared to Dropouts. For Completers, TMS/iTBS cortico‐motor plasticity was associated with better exercise adherence ( r = −.53, corrected p = .019). Exploratory hypothesis‐generating regression analysis suggested that post‐iTBS changes ( β = −7.78, p = .013) and self‐efficacy ( β = −.51, p = .019) may predict exercise adherence ( adjusted‐R ² = .44). In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of TMS/iTBS cortico‐motor plasticity, self‐efficacy, and cardiovascular health in exercise adherence. Given the well‐established cognitive benefits of exercise, addressing sedentary behavior and enhancing self‐efficacy are crucial for promoting adherence and optimizing brain health. Clinicians and researchers should prioritize assessing these variables to improve the effectiveness of exercise programs.
Objective:
To investigate the attitudes towards, and beliefs about, physical activity (PA) in older adults with osteoarthritis (OA) and comorbidity to understand experiences and seek ways to improve PA participation.
Methods:
Semi-structured interviews with adults aged ≥45, with self-reported OA and comorbidity (N = 17). Face-to-face interviews explored participant perspectives regarding; (1) attitudes and beliefs about PA in the context of OA and comorbidity and (2) how people with OA and comorbidity could be encouraged to improve and maintain PA levels. Data were transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken using a framework approach.
Results:
Participants did not conceptualise multiple long-term conditions (LTCs) together and instead self-prioritised OA over other LTCs. Barriers to PA included uncertainty about both the general management of individual LTCs and the effectiveness of PA for their LTCs; and, negative perceptions about their health, ageing and PA. Participants experienced dynamic and co-existing barriers to PA, and problematized this as a multi-level process, identifying a barrier, then a solution, followed by a new barrier. Facilitators of PA included social support and support from knowledgeable healthcare professionals (HCPs), together with PA adapted for OA and comorbidity and daily life. PA levels could be increased through targeted interventions to increase self-efficacy for managing OA alongside other LTCs and self-efficacy for PA.
Conclusion:
People with OA and comorbidity experience complicated PA barriers. To increase PA levels, tailored PA interventions could include HCP and social support to anticipate and overcome multi-level PA barriers and target increased self-efficacy for LTC management and PA.
Although no amount of physical activity can stop the aging process, a moderate amount of regular exercise can minimize the physiological effects of an otherwise sedentary lifestyle and increase active life expectancy by limiting the development and progression of chronic disease and disabling conditions. Ideally, exercise prescription for older adults should include aerobic, muscle strengthening, and flexibility exercises. In addition, individuals at risk for falling or mobility impairment should also perform specific exercises to improve balance. The intensity and duration of physical activity should be low at the outset for those who are highly deconditioned, are functionally limited, or have chronic conditions affecting their ability to perform physical tasks. Furthermore, the progression of activities should be individualized and tailored to tolerance and preference. Incorporating principles of behavioral change into the design and application of exercise and physical activity programs will increase the likelihood of an individual initiating and maintaining a regular program of exercise and/ or physical activity. Strategies for maintaining physical function and improving overall health of older adults with chronic conditions and disability are discussed. All older adults with and without disabilities should be encouraged to develop a personalized physical activity plan that meets their needs and personal preferences.
Although there has been increased research and clinical attention given to the effects that physical activity has on quality
of life among older adults, there is a lack of consistency surrounding the use of this term. As a result, attempts to examine
what causes change in quality of life have been limited. This article critically reviews the literature on physical activity
and quality of life in older adults. In so doing, attention is given to both quality of life as a psychological construct
represented by life satisfaction as well as a clinical and geriatric outcome represented by the core dimensions of health
status or health-related quality of life. The literature is also examined to identify potential mediators and moderators in
the physical activity and quality-of-life relationship. Discussion of possible mediating variables reinforces the important
role of perception when considering the beneficial effects that physical activity has on quality of life. From a public health
perspective, understanding what may cause change in quality of life has significant implications for the design, implementation,
and promotion of physical activity programs for older adults.
To issue a recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed to improve and maintain health in older adults.
A panel of scientists with expertise in public health, behavioral science, epidemiology, exercise science, medicine, and gerontology.
The expert panel reviewed existing consensus statements and relevant evidence from primary research articles and reviews of the literature.
After drafting a recommendation for the older adult population and reviewing drafts of the Updated Recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the American Heart Association (AHA) for Adults, the panel issued a final recommendation on physical activity for older adults.
The recommendation for older adults is similar to the updated ACSM/AHA recommendation for adults, but has several important differences including: the recommended intensity of aerobic activity takes into account the older adult's aerobic fitness; activities that maintain or increase flexibility are recommended; and balance exercises are recommended for older adults at risk of falls. In addition, older adults should have an activity plan for achieving recommended physical activity that integrates preventive and therapeutic recommendations. The promotion of physical activity in older adults should emphasize moderate-intensity aerobic activity, muscle-strengthening activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and risk management.
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