Rose is a beautiful, fragrant, and profitable flower

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Volume 1, Issue 6, ISSN: 3048-8117
Rose is a beautiful, fragrant, and profitable flower
Devanshu Shukla, KedarMahadev Gheware, Krishna Kaushik, Saurabh
Rose is an important flower in the world of flowers.
The rose is a symbol of love, friendship, and peace.
Gardens are considered as incomplete without roses.
Rose is known as "King of Flowers" in India and
"Queen of Flowers" in European countries (Garland,
2005). In India, the cultivation of roses is developed
with the distillation of roses as mentioned by Charaka
in Ayurveda around 100 AD. Rose has been grown in
India since ancient times, but the demand for rose has
skyrocketed in two decades. Rose is enlisted as top
ranked in cut flower (Leuset al., 2018). The
byproducts of roses are rose oil, rose water, perfume
Gulkand, and other products and having exporet value
and exported to many countries. Due to popularity of
cut flowers, rose cultivation is gained importance and
more focus is emphazed to grow. Details of important
technical information for successful rose cultivation
are provided below:
Red rose indicates courage and respect.
White rose stands for innocence, purity and
humility.
Orange rose symbolizes passion and desire.
Pink rose for perfect happiness, grace and
sweetness.
All light colour roses for friendship.
Wild roses for simplicity.
So, we can say no other gifts replaces roses in
conveying love in the society.
Introduction
Roses, renowned as symbols of love, friendship, and peace, hold a significant position
in floriculture worldwide. Revered as the "King of Flowers" in India and the "Queen of
Flowers" in Europe, their historical importance in India dates back to the distillation
practices mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic texts. The rising demand for roses in cut-
flower markets has amplified their cultivation, alongside a thriving export industry for
byproducts like rose oil, water, and Gulkand. Successful rose cultivation relies on
optimal conditions, including sandy loam soil, temperate climates, and structured
planting and irrigation practices. Seasonal pruning, precise fertilization, and pest
management further enhance yields. Diverse rose varieties, from Hybrid Tea to
Miniatures, are tailored for specific climatic and aesthetic needs. With their profound
cultural and economic value, roses remain irreplaceable in conveying emotions and
sustaining livelihoods in the global floral industry. This comprehensive guide highlights
technical insights for effective rose cultivation and management.
Abstract
DepartmentofFloricultureandLandscapingArchitecture,SVPUA&T,Meerut
DivisionofFloricultureandLandscaping,SKUAST-Jammu,J&K
1211
LandandClimate
Sandy loam soil with a high organic matter contentand
pH 6 to 8.. Rose flower yields are higher in temperate
climates, but they can also be grown successfully in
subtropical climates. At the time of flowering,
temperature 15-200c and relative humidity 60% are
required (Ozturk and Bastas, 2022). The best time for
planting of roses is sunny, open and protected by
hedge, fence or building against strong winds.
Layout
Rose is beautiful flower; hence, it should be displayed
in an attractive manner. The beds can be made of
formal design (square, rectangular, circular, U shaped
or L shaped) or informal designskeeping the style of
layout of the garden in view.
naturesciencemagazine.in ArticleID: nsm.2.1.1.10-12 Advancing Sustainability Issue: December 2024
Received: 25 December 2024
Accepted: 16 January 2024
Published: 24 January 2025
In terms of any communication, correspondence is
pertained to: Devanshu Shukla, Department of
Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture,
SVPUA&T, Meerut
Citeas: Shukla D, Gheware KM, Kaushik K,
Saurabh (2025)Rose is a beautiful, fragrant,
and profitable flower, Nature Science e-
Magazine, Vol. 1, Issue 6 (10-12).
ArticleProcessing
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Volume 1, Issue 6, ISSN: 3048-8117
ManureandFertilizer
Take 5 kg after pruning in September and October. 20-
30 g Gower's gully rotten manure Nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potash at a rate of 20g per square
metre. Enter the interest rate. Stay in the spring. Only
add 10 g of nitrogen and 10 g of potash per plant in
January to get good flowers. In the last week of
November, flowers contain 0.3% zinc sulphate, 0.3%
magnesium sulphate, and 0.3% manganese. In
addition, spray during the month of February
(Mathivanan, 2013).
Irrigation
Irrigation is critical to the successful production of
roses. Roses should be irrigated with respect to
condition of the land and temperature. In general,
irrigation should be done every 5 days in the summer
and every 10 days in the winter. Irrigation is required
following the application of manure to the plants.
During the rainy season, proper drainage of the rose
planted area (Rahul et al., 2021).
PlantPreparation
From mid-September to mid-November, plant 10-
15 cm cuttings of Rosa indica varieties Odorant,
Noniana, or Multiflora in the beds for root plant
preparation. In January & February, the practice of
budding in root plant is take place by taking eye
from high-quality plants. In addition to this,budding
can also be done during the month of March in the
area having low temperature in January and
February. Indigenous plants of rose can be prepare
through cutting method.
A fungicide (Blitox or Bavistin) should be applied
to the cut. Root cutting and water shoots should be
cut below the plants on a regular basis. Miniature,
polyantha, and creeper roses do not require
pruning. In these, only dry twigs should be cut
(Mukhopadhyay, 1987; Pal et al., 2014; Shivani et
al., 2022).
FarmPreparation
Make circular pits of size 2 feet in diameter and 2 feet
in depth at a distance of 2-3 feet apart one month
before planting the saplings. Keep one foot of soil aside
from the top of the pit while digging, in which 5 kg. Fill
the pits with rotten cow dung manure mixed with
water. For the cultivation of cut flowers of roses,
planting plants close by gives more yield. For this, the
distance of the plant should be kept one foot and the
distance of the row should be two feet.
PlantingSeason
Roses can be planted in most parts of India from
September to March, but the best time is from late
September to mid-November; in hilly areas, it can also
be planted in February-March (Harp et al., 2019).
RoseVarieties
Table-1 displays the improved rose varieties.
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Volume 1, Issue 6, ISSN: 3048-8117
MajorInsectpestandDiseases
Rose scale: A brown coating forms on the main
stem, causing the stem to dry out.
Spray a 0.2% solution of Metasystx.
Aphids: Small green insects that feed on the sap of
leaves and flowers.
Spray 0.1% Dimethoate (Rogor) or Metacystox.
Die-back: The plant turns black from above,
begins to dry out, and eventually dies.
Cut the affected area and apply a 0.2% Bavistin
paste.
Black spot: Circular black spots with fringed
margins appear on both side of leaves. Premature
leaf dry up and drop is noticed.
Spray 0.2% Captan or Ferbam.
Powderymildew: White powdery appearance on
the upper surface of the leaves.
Spray 0.1% carathane or 0.2% sulfax.
Harp, D., Hammond, G., Zlesak, D. C., Church, G.,
Chamblee, M., and George, S. (2019). Flowering,
drought and disease tolerance, and landscape
performance of landscape roses grown under low-
input conditions in north central Texas. Hort
Technology, 29(3), 234-240.
Mathivanan, B. (2013). A study on rose cultivation
and marketing pattern in hosur taluk. Journal of
Exclusive Management Science, 2(12), 1-9.
Rahul, C. R., Lakshminarayan, M. T., Ganapathy, M.
S., and Narayana Reddy, R. (2021). Attitude of
FarmersTowards Rose Cultivation. Mysore Journal
of Agricultural Sciences, 55(3).
Mukhopadhyay, A. (1987). Effects of time of
pruning in rose. Indian Journal of Horticulture,
44(3and4), 261-264.
Pal, P. K., Agnihotri, V. K., and Singh, R. D. (2014).
Impact of level and timing of pruning on flower
yield and secondary metabolites profile of Rosa
damascena under western Himalayan region.
Industrial Crops and Products, 52, 219-227.
Shivani, Mahajan, M., Thakur, B. K., and Pal, P. K.
(2022). Ground-Level Pruning at Right Time
Improves Flower Yield of Old Plantation of Rosa
damascena Without Compromising the Quality of
Essential Oil. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13,
896237
FlowerPickingandPacking
When the black has reached its full colour, cut the
flowers with a long stick and a sharp knife or secateur,
then place them in a bucket or tub of water. Harvesting
should be completed as soon as possible after 7 a.m.
Wrap 20-20 flower stems in newspaper to make a 100
cm tall, 50 cm wide, and 612 cm m. Send it to the
market wrapped in a thick necktie.
References
Garland, H. (2005). Rose of Dutcher's Coolly. U of
Nebraska Press.
Leus, L., Van Laere, K., De Riek, J., & Van
Huylenbroeck, J. (2018). Rose. Ornamental crops,
719-767.
Ozturk, A., and Baştaş, K. K. (2022). Effects of
Climate Changes on Rose Fungal and Bacterial
Diseases in Landscape Areas of Konya Province,
Tu rkiye. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food
Sciences, 36(4), 59-64.
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