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Validity of Degraded Authentic Deeds in Court
Abstract
This research aims to determine the validity of authentic deeds that are degraded in court and to determine the legal consequences of authentic deeds that are degraded in court. Using a normative juridical approach, in the case it is discovered that the Plaintiff in this case wants the Deed made by the Notary to be legally invalid. The deed was canceled on the main reason that the signing of the deed was based on an unclear power of attorney and did not involve the plaintiff as the legal heir. The judge in his decision granted the plaintiff's lawsuit and canceled the deed. This cancellation means making a deed that was originally an authentic deed into a deed that is no longer authentic. There is a reduction (degradation) in the degree of the deed from the original authentic deed as stated in Article 1868 of the Civil Code to a private deed or becomes null and void in accordance with the provisions of Article 84 of the Law on the Position of Notaries. Cancellation of an authentic deed gives rise to new legal consequences in that the deed cannot be used as evidence in a civil case and does not give rise to legal consequences for the object or subject of the deed. legally, the deed is considered to have never existed
... The regulation of authentic deeds is regulated in the Civil Code (KUHPdt). Article 1868 of the Criminal Code states that an authentic deed is a deed made in a form that has been determined by law and made by or in the presence of an authorized public official in the place where the deed is made (Aulia, 2024). ...
Pancasila serves as a foundational source of legal and moral norms in Indonesia, guiding both state governance and national identity. Ethical principles embedded within Pancasila are fundamental to the administration of the state. Notaries, appointed by the state, hold significant responsibilities and legal authority to serve the public in civil matters. Their roles and duties are defined in the law, particularly in the Criminal Code's Fourth Book on evidence and validity, where authenticated documents serve as compelling evidence, with Notary Deeds recognized as the strongest and most comprehensive proof. This normative legal research explores the preservation of Notary protocols by their holders to ensure the legal validity of deeds as enduring evidence for parties or their successors. Considered akin to State Archives, Notary protocols constitute a collection of deeds documenting rights and obligations, possessing robust evidentiary value.
As a Public Officer with the intention to make an authentic deed, the Notary often acts inadvertently and inadvertently, it can certainly lead to legal problems. Authentic deeds made by Notary also do not rule out can be a deed under the hands. Notarial deeds as authentic deeds that have perfect evidentiary power in civil law disputes may, in fact, degenerate from the perfect evidentiary power to such a deed under the hand, and may be legally defamatory resulting in the disregard or invalidity of the Notary's deed. Based on the background of the problem can be formulated as follows, how a deed can be said or categorized as an authentic deed and how authentic deeds can experience the degradation of the power of proof into the deed under the hands. This research is normative law research. The results of the study conclude that the Notary Act can be an authentic deed if it meets the formalities that are already determined based on the rules contained in the provisions of Article 1868 Civil Code and jo UUJN. Based on the provisions of Article 1868 Civil Code must be fulfilled the requirements of authentic deed and authentic deed must be made in accordance with the format specified in accordance with the provisions of Article 38 UUJN and Deed can be degraded into deed under the hand if violating the provisions of Article 1868 Civil Code jo UUJN. Sebagai Pejabat Umum yang berwenag untuk membuat akta autentik, Notaris sering kali bertindak tidak hati-hati dan tidak seksama, sehingga apa yang diisyaratkan oleh undang-undang yaitu tentang syarat pembuatan akta autentik kadang kala tidak diperhatikan oleh pejabat umum yang berwenang untuk membuat Akta Autentik khusunya dalam hal ini adala Notaris, hal tersebut tentunya dapat menimbulkan permasalahan hukum. Akta autentik yang dibuat oleh Notaris juga tidak menutup kemungkinan dapat menjadi akta di bawah tangan. Akta Notaris sebagai akta autentik yang memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna dalam sengketa hukum perdata, ternyata dapat mengalami penurunan status (degradasi) dari kekuatan pembuktian yang sempurna menjadi seperti akta dibawah tangan, dan dapat cacat hukum yang menyebabkan kebatalan atau ketidakabsahan akta Notaris tersebut. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan tersebut maka dapat dirumuskan permasalah sebagai berikut, Apa Akibat hukum dari suatu akta autentik yang terdegradasi Bagaimanakah akta autentik tersebut dapat mengalami degradasi kekuatan pembuktian menjadi akta di bawah tangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil studi menyimpulkan bahwa akta Notaris dapat menjadi akta yang autentik apabila memenuhi formalitas-formalitas yang memang sudah ditentukan berdasarkan aturan yang ada dalam ketentuan Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata dan jo UUJN. Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata haruslah dipenuhi syarat akta autentik serta akta otentik haruslah dibuat sesuai dengan format yang sudah ditentukan berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 38 UUJN dan Akta Notaris dapat terdegradasi menjadi akta di bawah tangan apabila melanggar ketentuan Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata jo UUJN.
The objectives of this journal are to describe and to analyze the boundary of the degraded verifying strength and the boundary of the cancellation of Notary Public Certificate based on Article 84 Act No.30 of 2004 about The Rank of Notary Public, and also to describe and to analyze the mechanism of the application of civil sanction against Notary Public in the case of the degraded verifying strength and the cancellation of Notary Public Certificate. Method used in this journal is normative juridical with statute and conceptual approaches. Result of research indicates that the boundary of Notary Public Certificate with degraded verifying strength into a merely under-hand document is when Notary Public Certificate has violated Article 16 Verse (1) Letter l, Article 16 Verse (7), Article 16 Verse (8), Article 41 with reference to Article 39 and 40, and Article 52 of Act No. 30 of 2004 about The Rank of Notary Public. The boundary of the cancellation, or being cancelled based on law, pursuant to Article 84 of Act No.30 of 2004 about The Rank of Notary Public, is when Notary Public Certificate deviates from what has been stated in Article 16 Verse (1) Letter i, Article 16 Verse (1) Letter k, Article 44, Article 48, Article 50, and Article 51 of Act No.30 of 2004 about The Rank of Notary Public. The mechanism of the application of civil sanction against Notary Public is decided through the court process begun with the allegation by the parties in the certificate who is adversely affected due to the mistake or the negligence of Notary Public which is considered as violating Article 84 of Act No.30 of 2004 about The Rank of Notary Public, and/or contravening against the provision of Article 1865 of Civil Code.
Key words: degradation, verifying strength, cancellation, notary public certificate
Abstrak
Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis batasan degradasi kekuatan pembuktian dan batasan pembatalan akta Notaris menurut ketentuan Pasal 84 Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris, dan untuk menganalisis mekanisme penerapan sanksi perdata terhadap Notaris dalam hal terjadinya degradasi kekuatan pembuktian atau pembatalan akta Notaris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, batasan akta Notaris yang terdegradasi kekuatan pembuktiannya menjadi akta di bawah tangan adalah akta Notaris yang melanggar ketentuan Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf l, Pasal 16 ayat (7), Pasal 16 ayat (8), Pasal 41 dengan menunjuk ketentuan Pasal 39 dan Pasal 40, serta melanggar ketentuan Pasal 52 Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris. Sementara batasan akta Notaris yang mengalami pembatalan atau batal demi hukum menurut Pasal 84 Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris adalah melanggar kewajiban sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf i, Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf k, Pasal 44, Pasal 48, Pasal 50, dan Pasal 51 Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris. Mekanisme penerapan sanksi perdata terhadap Notaris dijatuhkan melalui proses peradilan yang diawali oleh gugatan para pihak dalam akta yang merasa dirugikan akibat kesalahan atau kelalaian Notaris yang melanggar ketentuan pasal 84 Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan Pasal 1865 KUHPerdata dan sejalan dengan teori pembuktian.
Kata kunci : degradasi, kekuatan pembuktian, pembatalan, akta notaris
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaturan mengenai tanggung jawab notaris dalam menjaga kerahasiaan akta berdasar pada undang-undang dan jabatan notaris, tanggung jawab perdata notaris terhadap kerahasiaan akta. Dalam penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang bersifat teoritis melalui Library research. Pengaturan Mengenai Tanggung Jawab Perdata Profesi Notaris Dalam Menjaga Kerahasiaan Akta terdapat dalam Pasal 1365 sampai 1367 KUHPerdata. Seorang notaris melekat terhadap tanggung jawab dalam menjalankan jabatannya berupa merahasiakan isi akta otentik yang dibuatnya. Sedangkan tanggung jawab perdata berupa ketidak dapatan notaris merahasiakan akta notaris tersebut dengan memenuhi unsur-unsur dalam pasal 1365 sampai 1367 KUHPerdata Unsur dalam pasal 1365 KUHPer adalah unsur kesengajaan dan kelalaian, Pasal 1366 terdapat unsur kelalaian atau kesembronoannya sedangkan pasal 1367 KUHPerdata terdapat unsur Pertanggungjawaban mutlak atau tanpa kesalahan. Pengaturan untuk merahasiakan isi akta di atur dalam Pasal 16 ayat (1) huruf f Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) dan Kode Etik Notaris dan Pasal 70 Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN). Apabila seorang notaris melakukan tindakan pelanggaran tersebut mendapatkan sanksi atau pelanggaran, dikenakan tanggung jawab Perdata yaitu tanggung jawab untuk kerugian mengganti kerugian dengan uang dan dapat digugat secara hukum diatur dalam yang terdapat dalam Pasal 84,Pasal 85 Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) dan Pasal 1365 KUHPer. Seharusnya ketentuan biaya ganti rugi dan bunga berdasarkan pasal 84 dapat diterapkan kepada notaris yang membocorkan akta. Pasal 16 ayat 11 dalam undang-undang tersebut juga menjelaskan bahwa beberapa sanksi yang dapat diterapkan pada notaris. The purpose of this study is to analyze the arrangements regarding the responsibility of the notary in maintaining the confidentiality of the deed based on the Law and the Notary Position, the civil responsibilities of the notary to the confidentiality of the deed. In this writing, using normative juridical which is theoretical through library research. Arrangements regarding the Civil Responsibility of the Notary Profession in Maintaining the Confidentiality of the Deed contained in Articles 1365 to 1367 of the Civil Code. A notary is attached to the responsibility in carrying out his duties in the form of keeping the authentic content he makes secret. Civil liability in the form of a notary's income keeps the notary deed secret by fulfilling the elements in articles 1365 to 1367 of the Civil Code The elements in article 1365 of the Criminal Code are elements of intent and negligence, Article 1366 contains elements of negligence or carelessness while article 1367 of the Civil Code lacks elements of absolute liability or negligence without error. The arrangement to keep the contents of the deed secret is regulated in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter f of the Notary Position Act (UUJN) and the Notary Code of Ethics and Article 70 of the Notary Position Act (UUJN). If a notary commits a violation, he or she gets a sanction or a violation, is liable to compensate for the loss with money and can be legally sued as stipulated in Article 84, Article 85 of the Law on Notary Positions (UUJN) and Article 1365 of the Criminal Code. The provisions on the cost of loss and interest based on article 84 can be applied to a notary who leaks the deed. Article 16 paragraph 11 in the law also explains that several sanctions can be applied to notaries.
The study entitled "Legal Effects Against the Authentic Deed of Degradation Becoming a Deed of Hands" aims to recognize the legal consequences of the degraded authentic deed and the responsibility of Notary over the degraded authentic deed to become a deed under the hand. This research uses juridical socio legal research approach, in collecting data more emphasized on source of primary material, in the form of legislation, studying law norms and law science sera theory in addition to interviews to the parties related to the problem in carefully. Based on the method, the research produces principally (i) Authentic deeds can be degraded into deeds under the hand when the requirements of the authentic deed are not met, whether material or formal terms which have the authority to judge them is a court. ) What are the legal consequences of an authentic deed that is deemed to be a deed under the hand does not have legal validity as an authentic deed, only a word under the hand that has no legal force to bind this subject under KUHperdata article 1869 and can be seen in Law no. 2 Year 2014 jo. UU no. (3) Article 51 paragraph (4), (iii) The responsibility of a Notary if The authentic deed he made into a deed under the hand, the Notary may be held accountable; (-) Administrative liability If a Notary is found guilty of violating Article 85 of Law Number 30 Year 2004 which regulates the obligation and prohibition for Notary in carrying out his / her position. (-) Accountability according to Civil Law of this matter as Article 1365 Civil Code, and can be seen In Law no. 2 Year 2014 jo. UU no. Article 49 paragraph (3) of Article 49 paragraph (4), Article 50 paragraph (5), Article 51 paragraph (4) (-) Accountability under criminal law if Notary deliberately falsely authentic deed or intentionally include incorrect information in the authentic deed he madeKeywords: Authentic Deed, Notary, Degradation
A notary is a public official who has the authority to make an authentic deed. In carrying out its authority to make authentic deeds, a Notary cannot be separated from errors such as including the same deed number on a different deed. The problems contained in this writing are (1) What is the Notary's responsibility for double numbering on different deeds and (2) What are the legal consequences of multiple numbering on different deeds? The purpose of this paper is to analyze and understand the Notary's responsibility for double numbering on different deeds and legal consequences for double numbering on different deeds. This type of research is normative legal research that uses a type of statute approach. The legal material used consists of primary and secondary legal materials. Card system techniques are used as legal material collection techniques and description techniques as techniques for analyzing legal material. The results of the discussion obtained show that (1) the Notary's responsibility for double numbering on different deeds, namely the Notary is charged with civil liability as determined in Article 84 of the UUJN. This responsibility can be carried out by withdrawing a copy of the related deed whose costs are borne by a Notary, this is done because the mistake in numbering the deed can be detrimental to the parties if the deed is used in the verification process, (2) The legal consequences of double numbering on the different deed namely the deed still considered valid if it has fulfilled the legal requirements of an agreement specified in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. Notaris ialah pejabat umum yang mempunyai kewenangan untuk membuat suatu akta otentik. Dalam menjalankan kewenangannya membuat akta otentik, Notaris tidak terlepas dari kesalahan seperti mencantumkan nomor akta yang sama pada akta yang berbeda. Permasalahan yang terdapat dalam penulisan ini ialah (1) Bagaimana tanggungjawab Notaris terhadap penomoran ganda pada akta yang berbeda dan (2) Bagaimana akibat hukum atas penomoran ganda pada akta yang berbeda? Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu untuk menganalisis dan memahami mengenai tanggungjawab Notaris terhadap penomoran ganda pada akta yang berbeda dan akibat hukum atas penomoran ganda pada akta yang berbeda. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan jenis pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik sistem kartu (card system) digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dan teknik deskripsi sebagai teknik untuk menganalisis bahan hukum. Hasil pembahasan yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa (1) Tanggungjawab Notaris terhadap penomoran ganda pada akta yang berbeda yaitu Notaris dibebankan tanggungjawab secara perdata sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 84 UUJN. Tanggungjawab tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menarik salinan akta terkait yang biayanya ditanggung oleh Notaris, hal ini dilakukan karena kesalahan dalam penomoran akta dapat merugikan para pihak jika akta tersebut digunakan dalam proses pembuktian, (2) Akibat hukum atas penomoran ganda pada akta yang berbeda yaitu akta tersebut tetap dianggap sah apabila telah memenuhi syarat-syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata.
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