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Embedding (Semi-) automatic cadastral boundary extraction into fit-for-purpose land administration in peri-urban ethiopia
... Expanding on this theme, Han et al. (2024) explore the implications of new town developments in Seoul on carbon sinks, offering practical considerations for urban planning in high-density areas. Meanwhile, Metaferia et al. (2025) focus on the foundational role of cadastral data, highlighting how effective land management supports both environmental sustainability and resource optimization. ...
Fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA) seeks to simplify cadastral mapping via lowering the costs and time associated with conventional surveying methods. This approach can be applied to both the initial establishment and on-going maintenance of the system. In Ethiopia, cadastral maintenance remains an on-going challenge, especially in rapidly urbanizing peri-urban areas, where farmers’ land rights and tenure security are often jeopardized. Automatic Feature Extraction (AFE) is an emerging FFPLA approach, proposed as an alternative for mapping and updating cadastral boundaries. This study explores the role of the AFE approach for updating cadastral boundaries in the vibrant peri-urban areas of Addis Ababa. Open-source software solutions were utilized to assess the (semi-) automatic extraction of cadastral boundaries from orthophotos (segmentation), designation of “boundary” and “non-boundary” outlines (classification), and delimitation of cadastral boundaries (interactive delineation). Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the achieved results (validation) were undertaken. A high-resolution orthophoto of the study area and a reference cadastral boundary shape file were used, respectively, for extracting the parcel boundaries and validating the interactive delineation results. Qualitative (visual) assessment verified the completed extraction of newly constructed cadastral boundaries in the study area, although non-boundary outlines such as footpaths and artifacts were also retrieved. For the buffer overlay analysis, the interactively delineated boundary lines and the reference cadastre were buffered within the spatial accuracy limits for urban and rural cadastres. As a result, the quantitative assessment delivered 52% correctness and 32% completeness for a buffer width of 0.4 m and 0.6 m, respectively, for the interactively delineated and reference boundaries. The study proposed publicly available software solutions and outlined a workflow to (semi-) automatically extract cadastral boundaries from aerial/satellite images. It further demonstrated the potentially significant role AFE could play in delivering fast, affordable, and reliable cadastral mapping. Further investigation, based on user input and expertise evaluation, could help to improve the approach and apply it to a real-world setting.
Urbanization is continuous worldwide phenomenon which influenced by various economic activities. This study aimed to assess driving reasons and performers that throw in a bunch for the spreading out of Dukem Metropolis. The firsthand data sources were gathered by means of questionnaires and secondhand data sources were gathered from reports, legal documents, previous study documents, and socio-economic data. The findings of the study revealed that establishment of industries and industrialization, position of the municipality, and increases in populace dimension were the dominate factors for the expansions of the town. Besides, private investors, government officials’ brokers and speculators were the key actors for expansion of the town. Hence, monitoring and controlling horizontal expansion of the town using land use planning principles are the pinnacle remedy.
Despite the significant and explicit focus on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), much of the world’s land rights remain unrecorded and outside formal government systems. Blame is often placed on land administration processes that are considered slow, expensive, and expertise-dependent. Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) has been suggested as an alternative, time and cost-effective approach. Likewise, the UN endorsed Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA) demands attention to worldwide tenure insecurity by directly linking it to responsible land administration. Implementation of FFPLA and FELA is country-context dependent, and there are now many lessons of execution from various jurisdictions. Undertaken in 2022, this study synthesizes a review of experiences to provide a further update on the best global FFPLA implementation practices and inform approaches for future FFPLA projects. A systematic review is adopted as the research methodology, and contemporary articles from the internationally recognized land administration discourse are examined. The studies focus on FFPLA implementation practices and innovative approaches for delivering land tenure security. A checklist is developed, based on the FELA strategic pathways and the FFPLA fundamental framework principles and characteristic elements, to identify best implementation practices. Success stories across the globe show that the FFPLA characteristic elements and the FELA pathway goals are achieved through effective execution of the FFPLA framework key principles. As a result, the study identified successful FFPLA implementation practices in Asia and Africa, which can be synthesized and extended to realize tenure security in rapidly urbanizing areas. However, further study is necessary to determine the efficacy, practicability, innovativeness, and transferability of the best practices to other land administration scenarios.
The applicability of integrated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-photogrammetry and automatic feature extraction for cadastral or property mapping was investigated in this research paper. Multi-resolution segmentation (MRS) algorithm was implemented on UAV-generated orthomosaic for mapping and the findings were compared with the result obtained from conventional ground survey technique using Hi-Target Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) receivers. The overlapping image pairs acquired with the aid of a DJI Mavic air quadcopter were processed into an orthomosaic using Agisoft metashape software while MRS algorithm was implemented for the automatic extraction of visible land boundaries and building footprints at different Scale Parameter (SPs) in eCognition developer software. The obtained result shows that the performance of MRS improves with an increase in SP, with optimal results obtained when the SP was set at 1000 (with completeness, correctness, and overall accuracy of 92%, 95%, and 88%, respectively) for the extraction of the building footprints. Apart from the conducted cost and time analysis which shows that the integrated approach is 2.5 times faster and 9 times cheaper than the conventional DGPS approach, the automatically extracted boundaries and area of land parcels were also compared with the survey plans produced using the ground survey approach (DGPS) and the result shows that about 99% of the automatically extracted spatial information of the properties fall within the range of acceptable accuracy. The obtained results proved that the integration of UAV-photogrammetry and automatic feature extraction is applicable in cadastral mapping and that it offers significant advantages in terms of project time and cost.
Changes in spatial planning and land management practices, regulations and operations have frequently relied on the uptake of innovations in geospatial technologies. This article reviews which ones the spatial planning and land management domains has effectively adopted and which new ones might potentially disrupt the domain in the near future of 2021 and beyond. Based on an extensive concept-centric trends synthesis and meta-review, the analysis demonstrates that whilst geospatial technologies are clearly gaining wider societal recognition and while private companies are indeed developing promising applications, its adoption in office work of public officials and public decision makers remains almost as limited as before. The potentially most disruptive technologies for the domain are however BIM, Block chain and Machine learning.
Land parcel is the finest unit to describe the location, boundary, and ownership in land management. Land survey is the most popular way to identify land parcel in the history of land management. However, land parcel survey come with huge financial cost while the accuracy of the survey is not acceptable for many applications such as agricultural management. The development of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) introduced a novel way of collecting, storing, and analyzing agricultural land parcel information. This study discusses agricultural land parcel identification and management approaches from local to global level. In most countries, local authorities are responsible for the collection and storage of land parcel information. For this reason, the aggregation of land parcel information from various authorities’ datasets becomes critical in large-scale agricultural management activities. However, agencies and nations develop land parcel databases differently, and these databases are often not interoperable. This study also summarizes the state-of-art approaches to reduce friction in land parcel database integration across the globe. The study concludes that international standards and corporations between organizations are essential to the management of land parcel information in agro-geoinformation systems.
The well-recognized and extensive task of mapping unrecorded land rights across sub-Saharan Africa demands innovative solutions. In response, the consortia of “its4land”, a European Commission Horizon 2020 project, developed, adapted, and tested innovative geospatial tools including (1) software underpinned by the smart Sketch maps concept, called SmartSkeMa; (2) a workflow for applying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); and (3) a boundary delineator tool based on the UAV images. Additionally, the consortium developed (4) a platform called Publish and Share (PaS), enabling integration of all the outputs of tool sharing and publishing of land information through geocloud web services. The individual tools were developed, tested, and demonstrated based on requirements from Rwanda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Zanzibar. The platform was further tested by key informants and experts in a workshop in Rwanda after the AfricaGIS conference in 2019. With the project concluding in 2020, this paper seeks to undertake an assessment of the tools and the PaS platform against the elements of fit-for-purpose land administration. The results show that while the tools can function and deliver outputs independently and reliably, PaS enables interoperability by allowing them to be combined and integrated into land administration workflows. This feature is useful for tailoring approaches for specific country contexts. In this regard, developers of technical approaches tackling land administration issues are further encouraged to include interoperability and the use of recognized standards in designs.
Land acquisition in Ghana is fraught with challenges of multiple sales, numerous unofficial charges, unnecessary bureaucracies, intrusion of unqualified middlemen, and lack of transparency among others. Studies have suggested digitization as a way forward to improve Ghana’s land management system and to address these acquisition challenges. However, none of these studies have specifically provided a clear conceptual digital framework for land acquisition. Most contemporary land literature globally appraise blockchain technology as a potential solution to these challenges in Ghana’s land acquisition process. This article applies an integrative review, mixed with strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, and deductive lessons from a digital land registry concept to develop a blockchain-based smart land acquisition framework solution in view of Ghana’s land acquisition challenges. However, it is identified that threats of sabotage of this framework exist among some customary land owners, land officials, and private blockchain-based land experts for various reasons. Among others, a legal basis for a public–private partnership is recommended particularly to discourage sabotage from private blockchain-based land experts. We recommend future research works to delve into establishing a framework that can be used as a guide to assess the readiness of land management and land administration systems for blockchain consideration in sub-Sahara Africa, particularly Ghana.
Proper functioning land information (LI) plays an indispensable role in supporting land-related decision-making processes. In recognition to this, substantial efforts have been made in Ethiopia to develop and modernize land information both in urban and rural land administration sectors. However, in Ethiopia, the quality of the current land information (completeness, appropriateness, time, cost, development, governance, sharing, and so on) needed for making decision is scantly evidenced, whilst the particular aspects of how the current urban and rural land information systems are functioning in view of the needs of peri-urban land governance are rarely studied. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to evaluate the quality of the current land information sources for supporting peri-urban land-related decision-making. The research relied on both quantitative and qualitative data. Primary data were collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGD), and interviews. The data collected using a closed-ended questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The validity and consistency of the data were tested using Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The result signals that the quality of land information in the study area lacks responsiveness to support land-related decisions such as land use intervention and spatial management of peri-urban areas. The inefficiencies in the governance of land information and weak institutional efficiency prevailing in the different tiers of land administration institutions are the main causes. Furthermore, the variations in the governance of land information between urban and rural tiers of land administration institutions hamper data sharing, and it derives information redundancies and contradictions, which combined lead to ambiguous information use and reliance. The results further imply that the recordation of LI alone does not mean that it always supports decision making. When reasoning from the perspectives of the 8R framework of responsible land management, we conclude that the existing LI does not support many of the 8Rs. The researchers thus advocate responsive governance of land information and an alternative framework to embed effective land information for any peri-urban land decision making process.
Monitoring urban and suburban land cover has become a particularly researched investigation field in remote sensing community, since there is a large amount of professionals interested in gathering useful information, regarding urban sprawl and its side effects in natural vegetation, urban parks and water bodies. This paper focuses on studying the implementation of an object-based image analysis methodological framework, in Orfeo ToolBox. Moderate, high and very high spatial resolution satellite images were utilized in order to generate thematic land cover maps of the study area located in Thessaloniki, Greece. Taking into consideration that there is not a relevant research in literature concerning the selection of segmentation parameters values, the optimal values are presented for MeanShift segmentation algorithm. Classifications were conducted with the use of Support Vector Machines algorithm and the final outputs are presented, accompanied by the evaluation of accuracy assessments which is a mandatory step in every remote sensing project. The analysis showed that OBIA, in this case, works well with Landsat-8 and QuickBird data and exceptionally well with Sentinel-2A data with over 90% overall accuracy. Critical considerations on the aforementioned are also included.
Land administration constitutes the socio-technical systems that govern land tenure, use, value and development within a jurisdiction. The land parcel is the fundamental unit of analysis. Each parcel has identifiable boundaries, associated rights, and linked parties. Spatial information is fundamental. It represents the boundaries between land parcels and is embedded in cadastral sketches, plans, maps and databases. The boundaries are expressed in these records using mathematical or graphical descriptions. They are also expressed physically with monuments or natural features. Ideally, the recorded and physical expressions should align, however, in practice, this may not occur. This means some boundaries may be physically invisible, lacking accurate documentation, or potentially both. Emerging remote sensing tools and techniques offers great potential. Historically, the measurements used to produce recorded boundary representations were generated from ground-based surveying techniques. The approach was, and remains, entirely appropriate in many circumstances, although it can be timely, costly, and may only capture very limited contextual boundary information. Meanwhile, advances in remote sensing and photogrammetry offer improved measurement speeds, reduced costs, higher image resolutions, and enhanced sampling granularity. Applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), laser scanning, both airborne and terrestrial (LiDAR), radar interferometry, machine learning, and artificial intelligence techniques, all provide examples. Coupled with emergent societal challenges relating to poverty reduction, rapid urbanisation, vertical development, and complex infrastructure management, the contemporary motivation to use these new techniques is high. Fundamentally, they enable more rapid, cost-effective, and tailored approaches to 2D and 3D land data creation, analysis, and maintenance. This Special Issue hosts papers focusing on this intersection of emergent remote sensing tools and techniques, applied to domain of land administration.
Turkey has produced cadastral data using different methods until today. Therefore, not all the data are the same standard in quality. Three different methods (correction, digitisation and updating) have been applying for update. Choosing the right method will save significant time and cost. Also, surveying the fixed boundaries will give the most accurate results. However, this is not always possible. The distribution of fixed boundaries is only 46.39% in the application area. So, fixed boundaries should be measured as far as possible. The places where the digitisation and updating methods will be applied should be determined very well.
The study assessed the effectiveness of demonstration method in entrepreneurship education in tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in teaching entrepreneurship education in tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria. A descriptive survey method was adopted. Questionnaire was used to sample opinions of 684 lecturers selected by stratified random sampling from a total population of 13,607 lecturers. The results of the study were presented using tables and frequencies. Analysis of variance was used in analyzing the hypothesis. The findings indicate that demonstration method was effective in teaching entrepreneurship education in tertiary institutions in South-South Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was concluded that using demonstration method in teaching entrepreneurship education is effective. It was recommended that entrepreneurship education lecturers should make concerted efforts to use demonstration teaching method that is considered effective in teaching their students.
Land is the most important resource for many developing countries in Africa to achieve the sustainable development goals. Yet many African countries are faced with various problems often causing land conflicts, reducing investments and economic development, and preventing countries reaching their true potential. Africa and other developing countries will not efficiently utilize their land resources as a means to overcome these challenges, unless they drop the approaches to security of tenure, many of which, were introduced during colonial times, but have not helped in securing land tenure rights for a significant proportion of their populations, in a non-discriminatory manner, that leaves no body behind.
In this paper, we describe the key principles for building flexible, universal and sustainable Fit for Purpose (FFP) land administration (LA) systems in African countries, as a better alternative to conventional approaches that focus on unrealistic accuracy standards and complex legal procedures. The discussion informed by a review of literature on Fit for Purpose Land Administration, the sustainable development goals, and the authors experience on land administration systems in Africa and globally. Furthermore, two experiences from Rwanda and Uganda are introduced to demonstrate that building FFP land administration systems is a viable solution to solving the global security of tenure divide.
We conclude that implementation of Fit for Purpose Land Administration approach requires political support at national and local level, to facilitate the change process, and in embedding FFP LA provisions into national and local laws. Likewise, effective capacity building is fundamental to the success of such programs. Professionals and the general society must understand that these simpler, less expensive and participatory methods are just as effective and secure as conventional land surveying methodologies and judicial recordation procedures. Finally, involvement of development partners such as Global Land Tool Network (GLTN), The World Bank, United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM), The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN- HABITAT) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN FAO) is key in ensuring that the land administration projects technically and financially supported are designed around FFP concepts.
Five years ago, GIM International published an article titled ‘A New Era in Land Administration Emerges’. It outlined how innovative thinking coupled with quickly maturing, scalable technical approaches could transform land administration globally. To reach fruition, support from policymakers, world-leading private companies, modern geospatial technologies and a new professional mindset would be crucial. So what has happened since? Here, in close cooperation with the geospatial industry, GIM International provides a major update, paying special attention to standardization, technical approaches and land data acquisition in the context of global policies.
There exists a demand for effective land administration systems that can support the protection of unrecorded land rights, thereby assisting to reduce poverty and support national development—in alignment with target 1.4 of UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is estimated that only 30% of the world’s population has documented land rights recorded within a formal land administration system. In response, we developed, adapted, applied, and tested innovative remote sensing methodologies to support land rights mapping, including (1) a unique ontological analysis approach using smart sketch maps (SmartSkeMa); (2) unmanned aerial vehicle application (UAV); and (3) automatic boundary extraction (ABE) techniques, based on the acquired UAV images. To assess the applicability of the remote sensing methodologies several aspects were studied: (1) user needs, (2) the proposed methodologies responses to those needs, and (3) examine broader governance implications related to scaling the suggested approaches. The case location of Kajiado, Kenya is selected. A combination of quantitative and qualitative results resulted from fieldwork and workshops, taking into account both social and technical aspects. The results show that SmartSkeMa was potentially a versatile and community-responsive land data acquisition tool requiring little expertise to be used, UAVs were identified as having a high potential for creating up-to-date base maps able to support the current land administration system, and automatic boundary extraction is an effective method to demarcate physical and visible boundaries compared to traditional methodologies and manual delineation for land tenure mapping activities.
Cadastral boundaries are often demarcated by objects that are visible in remote sensing imagery. Indirect surveying relies on the delineation of visible parcel boundaries from such images. Despite advances in automated detection and localization of objects from images, indirect surveying is rarely automated and relies on manual on-screen delineation. We have previously introduced a boundary delineation workflow, comprising image segmentation, boundary classification and interactive delineation that we applied on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data to delineate roads. In this study, we improve each of these steps. For image segmentation, we remove the need to reduce the image resolution and we limit over-segmentation by reducing the number of segment lines by 80% through filtering. For boundary classification, we show how Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be used for boundary line classification, thereby eliminating the previous need for Random Forest (RF) feature generation and thus achieving 71% accuracy. For interactive delineation, we develop additional and more intuitive delineation functionalities that cover more application cases. We test our approach on more varied and larger data sets by applying it to UAV and aerial imagery of 0.02–0.25 m resolution from Kenya, Rwanda and Ethiopia. We show that it is more effective in terms of clicks and time compared to manual delineation for parcels surrounded by visible boundaries. Strongest advantages are obtained for rural scenes delineated from aerial imagery, where the delineation effort per parcel requires 38% less time and 80% fewer clicks compared to manual delineation.
In order to transcend the challenge of accelerating the establishment of cadastres and to efficiently maintain them once established, innovative, and automated cadastral mapping techniques are needed. The focus of the research is on the use of high-resolution optical sensors on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. More specifically, this study investigates the potential of UAV-based cadastral mapping, where the ENVI feature extraction (FX) module has been used for data processing. The paper describes the workflow, which encompasses image pre-processing, automatic extraction of visible boundaries on the UAV imagery, and data post-processing. It shows that this approach should be applied when the UAV orthoimage is resampled to a larger ground sample distance (GSD). In addition, the findings show that it is important to filter the extracted boundary maps to improve the results. The results of the accuracy assessment showed that almost 80% of the extracted visible boundaries were correct. Based on the automatic extraction method, the proposed workflow has the potential to accelerate and facilitate the creation of cadastral maps, especially for developing countries. In developed countries, the extracted visible boundaries might be used for the revision of existing cadastral maps. However, in both cases, the extracted visible boundaries must be validated by landowners and other beneficiaries.
Uncontrolled urban growth and haphazard land developments are one of the crucial problems in Addis Ababa and the surrounding Oromia special zone causing environmental degradation and rural-urban land base conflicts. This is mostly because of the rapidly increasing built-up area that conquered large tracts of natural green spaces and prime agricultural lands. The research compared the land use-land cover (LULC) change, demographic dynamic, the sprawling patterns and the degree of built-up growth goodness. Methodologically, the study applied a multi-step geospatial and statistical modeling techniques, and it also employed the Shannon entropy index and the degree of freedom to measure the sprawling pattern and the degree of goodness of urban growth. Accordingly, the dynamic LULC change index identified the built-up area as the most dynamic land cover type and the intensity index depicted that a large part of the area was on the high-speed urban expansion level. Moreover, this study approved that the effects of the sprawling pattern have strong momentum to push the region’s built-up dynamics than the population increase and it also confirmed that a prevalence of high built-up sprawling and bad urban growth conditions. Therefore, the study lay emphasis on an integrated urban-regional planning and management approach and quantifying the built-up intensity, sprawling and the degree of urban growth goodness as a tool to control the LULC dynamics and enhancement of a rational decision on sustainable urban growth planning and management. Keywords: land use-land cover, built-up dynamics, sprawling, degree of goodness of urban growth, Addis Ababa
Cadastral information and land administration systems are central to effective land markets, land use and sustainable development. This paper focuses on one aspect of land administration dynamism: the changing uses of cadastral information. We follow a qualitative approach and offer an overview of why, how, and in what form user groups use cadastre and land register data in Finland. We then explore different user groups’ perceptions of emerging changes and discuss their implications for the future land administration system. We identify six major changes that potentially have such implications: the streamlining of environmental permit procedures, the integration of public services, three-dimensional land use planning, tightening banking regulations, digital services, and e-government, and coordination among public data agencies. The paper addresses the relatively unexplored customer side of cadastral information and reiterates the need for an interoperable, accurate and reliable land administration system.
Cadastres are argued as an essential tool to support land tenure security. Low cadastral coverage in developing countries creates a driver for innovative methods to expedite the mapping processes. As a human construct, the morphology of parcel boundaries is a diverse and complex topic: there are limited generalized rules for identifying, describing, and classifying them. This paper studies both the institutional and spatial aspects of cadastral boundaries, in order to provide more contemporary knowledge about the morphology of cadastral boundaries. This study inspects the relationship between topographic objects and general boundaries in the case context of Port Vila, Vanuatu. Statistical analysis reveals that under a dialectical error tolerance, large percentages of cadastral boundaries coincide with topographic objects. Specifically, in dense urban regions, road edges and building walls coincide with the majority of cadastral boundaries, with proportions of 49% and 35%, respectively. In suburban regions, the fence (25%), instead of buildings, plays an important role in marking a parcel border. The landscape is observed to have significant impact on parcel morphology. Therefore, constructing a map based on automatic or semi-automatic identification and classification of these features could significantly contribute to cadastral mapping in developing countries.
In large parts of sub Saharan Africa it remains an ongoing challenging to map millions of unrecognized land rights. Existing approaches for recognizing these rights have proven inappropriate in many cases. A new generation of tools needs to be developed to support faster, cheaper, easier, and more responsible land rights mapping. This is the main goal of its4land, an European Commission Horizon 2020 project that aims to develop innovative tools inspired by the continuum of land rights, fit-for-purpose land administration, and cadastral intelligence. its4land is using strategic collaboration between the EU and East Africa to deliver innovative, scalable, and transferrable ICT solutions. The innovation process incorporates a broad range of stakeholders and emergent geospatial technologies, including smart sketchmaps, UAVs, automated feature extraction, as well as geocloud services. The aim is to combine innovative technologies, capture the specific needs, market opportunities and readiness of end-users in the domain of land tenure information recording in Eastern Africa. The project consists of a four year work plan, € 3.9M funding, and eight consortium partners collaborating with stakeholders from six case study locations in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Rwanda. The major tasks include tool development, prototyping, and demonstration for local, national, regional, and international interest groups. The case locations cover different land uses such as: urban, peri-urban, rural smallholder, and (former) pastoralist. This paper describes the project’s activities within the first 18 months and covers barriers discovered, lessons learned and results achieved.
Fit-for-purpose land administration aims to align cadastral policies, administration and technology selection with the prevailing societal needs and capacity within a country context. It seeks to support delivery of more rapid and low-cost cadastral boundary mapping – and ultimately more widespread land tenure security. The philosophy suggests that when high positional accuracies are not the primary concern, but when time pressure is, high-resolution satellite images can serve as a source for creating cadastral boundary information. This paper explores the potential of mean-shift segmentation plug-in in QGIS to semi-automatically extract cadastral boundaries in rural areas – based on the land cover information from WorldView-2 satellite images. The segmentation gives a vector file satisfying many cadastral boundary requirements and ready to be used in a GIS environment. The buffer overlay method was used to assess the quality of extracted boundaries. For a non-vegetated terrain having visible boundaries, the approach could be taken as an alternative to support existing, relatively slow, boundary mapping approaches by minimizing the effects of manual digitization and surveying.
This study aimed to identify the current land management and cadastre system in Turkey and determine the
most appropriate strategy for integrating the current structure with the principles of the Cadastre 2034 vision. In
this work, the legal, institutional, and technical (LIT) status of the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey was determined using a method based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Initially, the advantages or weaknesses of the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey in terms of LIT aspects, opportunities, and threats arising from the external environment were determined by the SWOT matrix. Then, the information obtained concerning the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey using this matrix was integrated into AHP and the most appropriate strategy was determined in terms of LIT aspects. For the existing land management and cadastre system in Turkey, from the legal point of view, the best strategy with a weighting of 30% was to ‘update the land administration legislation according to the conditions of the day’. The best strategy in terms of institutionalization was to ‘disseminate in-vocational training for the training of qualified personnel (28% weighting)’ and the best strategy from the technical perspective was identified as, ‘the use of technical and technologically advanced measurement techniques in spatial data collection (38% weighting)’. The goal in implementing the AHP-Based SWOT method is to improve the quantitative information basis of strategic planning processes. So, SWOT provides the basic outline within which to perform an analysis of the decision situation, and the AHP assists in carrying out SWOT more analytically and in elaborating the analysis so that alternative strategic decisions can be prioritised.
The article discusses the methodology is widely known the SWOT-analysis and suggests approaches to increase confidence in the results of the analysis. Some typical methodological errors are Illustrated by examples and discussed. Recommendations that increase the value of the method in strategic analysis and increase its effectiveness are given. The recommendations could be useful for companies’ managers of different levels in the strategy development and advancement of strategic alternatives, Diploma Thesis supervisors as well as for students and graduates of MBA programs.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a rapid, low-cost and flexible acquisition system that appears feasible for application in cadastral mapping: high-resolution imagery, acquired using UAVs, enables a new approach for defining property boundaries. However, UAV-derived data are arguably not exploited to its full potential: based on UAV data, cadastral boundaries are visually detected and manually digitized. A workflow that automatically extracts boundary features from UAV data could increase the pace of current mapping procedures. This review introduces a workflow considered applicable for automated boundary delineation from UAV data. This is done by reviewing approaches for feature extraction from various application fields and synthesizing these into a hypothetical generalized cadastral workflow. The workflow consists of preprocessing, image segmentation, line extraction, contour generation and postprocessing. The review lists example methods per workflow step—including a description, trialed implementation, and a list of case studies applying individual methods. Furthermore, accuracy assessment methods are outlined. Advantages and drawbacks of each approach are discussed in terms of their applicability on UAV data. This review can serve as a basis for future work on the implementation of most suitable methods in a UAV-based cadastral mapping workflow.
Existing investments in land administration have been built on legacy approaches, have been fragmented and have not delivered the required pervasive changes and improvements at scale. The solutions have not helped the most needy - the poor and disadvantaged that have no security of tenure.
The ‘Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration Guiding Principles’ is primarily designed to allow a range of stakeholders in developing countries to understand the overall Fit-For-Purpose approach and recognize the benefits of adopting this approach. It provides structured guidance on building the spatial, legal and institutional frameworks in support of designing the country specific strategies for implementing Fit-for-Purpose land administration. However, it is not an instruction manual but offers guiding principles which provide direction and guidance for designing a country specific strategy for implementation.
Peri-urban land which has been used predominantly for agricultural purposes and held by local farmers is a target area for informal settlements in Ethiopia. An increasing number of people try to solve their housing needs by getting a plot of land informally in the transitional peri-urban areas. The purpose of this study is to explore the principal actors involved in the informal conversion of peri-urban agricultural land into urban built-up property. This study is also aimed at demonstrating the role of non-state institutions in facilitating informal acquisition and development of peri-urban plots. Both questionnaire and document analysis were the main sources of data for this study. The result of this study indicated that traditional social institutions played a significant role in processing peri-urban informal settlements and stabilizing land related conflicts by social sanction measures. The study has also found out that the process of acquiring a plot of land from peri-urban areas passes through its own stages which mainly start with identifying a plot for sale and ends with the confirmation of traditional letter of agreement signed by transacting parties without legal ground to do so.
SUMMARY The open source movement has attracted world-wide attention, and open source software is increasingly used as an alternative to proprietary software products. Yet, there is little evidence of the use of open source software in digital land administration systems. During the last five years, there have been great advances in the development of open source software products. Database products PostgreSQL and MySQL have matured, and due to the development of spatial extensions, they can also be used as spatial data stores for cadastral datasets. For long time, open source GIS software (OSG) products were unable to match the capabilities of proprietary GIS products, especially when it comes to vector editing functions. However, during the last few years a whole range of new OSG initiatives has started, some of which are becoming real alternatives to proprietary GIS systems. In an attempt to raise awareness on the potential of OSG, this paper looks into the progress of Quantum GIS, uDIG, gvSIG and other OSG initiatives, and assesses the role that they could play in land administration systems.
Considerable research has shown that both demonstration and verbal instruction can facilitate learning of a motor task in inexperienced individuals. In the current study, verbal instructions were used as a means to reduce the discovery learning process and control the amount of trial-to-trial variability in demonstrations. The task required models to learn to trace a pair of circles with a 90 degrees -relative phase pattern between the arms. Verbal instructions directed one group of models toward a single strategy, and this group improved at a faster rate and performed better in a 24-h retention test compared to a group of models in a discovery learning context. The discovery models utilized multiple strategies throughout the practice. Each model was watched for 2 days by an observer, who was instructed that they would have to produce the 90 degrees -relative phase pattern on day 3. Observers, who watched the discovery models, performed better than those who watched the single strategy models. The results support two primary conclusions. First, trial-to-trial variability associated with strategy selection processes in a model benefits an observer by facilitating perceptual discrimination processes that may play a key role in action generation. Second, verbal instructions that reduce discovery learning during physical practice benefit acquisition and retention performance when the task has multiple strategies wherein no one strategy guarantees the best performance outcome.
Successful innovation requires an integrated design process, i.e. integration in the design of the enterprise, the design of the product, as well as the design and implementation of new technologies. Such an integrated design effort requires good collaboration and management of the designs, and should be supported by efficient knowledge management techniques and tools. If innovation is to help a business grow and improve its competitiveness, it is also important to plan the innovation carefully. Though some ideas may just "fall from the sky" or "come out of the blue", an organisation should also have a strategic vision of how the business and the enterprise should develop. The Enterprise should not wait for the innovation to arrive arbitrarily, but rather proactively plan for innovation incorporating market trends, the competitive landscape, new technology availability, and changes in customer preferences and trends in order to create fruitful terroir conducive for innovative thinking. Such an enterprise will also pro-actively manage the knowledge supply chain that supports innovation. This paper presents a combined convergent and divergent approach for managing innovation within an innovation landscape that contextualise domains, role-players, decision points and knowledge network components . The Innovation management model specifically focuses on the use of roadmapping for planning and deploying innovation within a collaborative deployment environment. A case study illustrating the use of parts of the framework within the insurance industry is also presented.
Economic developments affect urban land-use changes. Using Lefebvre’s production of (urban) space as a conceptual framework, this study investigated the industrialisation process and its urban spatial outcomes in three cities (Galan, Dukem, and Bishoftu) along the southern outlet of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital. Landsat images were used to quantify the changing patterns of the three cities from the period 2006 to 2021. Interviews with key informants and document analysis were used to supplement these findings. The analysis reveals that in Addis Ababa-Bishoftu economic growth corridor, the unruly urban land-use changes have become a serious issue, challenging the sustainable development of cities. The study confirms that the proximity to Addis Ababa has contributed to the urbanisation process and urban corridor formation through investment expansion. This calls for a high level of expertise as well as integrated regional development for sustainable urban and industrial development.
Ethiopia is developing its land administration systems to support the adjudication and registration of approximately 50 million land holdings. Being a federalized country, and with differing land policies and laws for urban and rural lands, multiple cadastral and land registration systems are under development, each intended to be eventually integrated. Taken holistically, the system is not yet fully functional. Peri-urban areas present a special challenge, where previous studies demonstrate administrative overlaps and voids contribute to community uncertainty and conflicts. Fit-for-purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) approaches offer the opportunity to rethink land administration in these areas. In this vein, this study explores the status and contemporary cadastral information demands of peri-urban areas for land administration development opportunities, focusing on the specific case of the capital, Addis Ababa. The interpretivist/constructivist research paradigm guides the development of a mixed methodology. It enables the creation of an aggregate understanding of the status of the land administration function in the case area – based on local office-level data. It is found that whilst the current approach to cadastral development in Addis Ababa can be seen to exhibit FFPLA characteristics, there still remains a diverse mix of political, legal, spatial, institutional, and technical constraints for further implementing the methodology. The work also finds the integrated application of geospatial technologies is most appropriate for data capture in the Addis Ababa context. Moreover, comprehensive upskilling and retraining of the existing workforce, and the future workforce, is needed.
The use of community participation, mobile technologies and cloud storage services could create a new way of undertaking land administration activities, and ultimately lead to more secure land rights for all. Sparked by these grand visions – which were first promoted by Robin McLaren amongst others in the late 2000s – alternative land administration platforms are now emerging, such as cadasta.org, landmapp.net and mobineo. org to name but a few. Apps lie at the heart of the developments, but what do we really mean by a ‘land administration app’ and what must such an app be capable of? Here, the authors provide a brief overview.
Maintenance of urban road pavements is shown as critical in city management. Mobile Laser Scanning is well-established for achieving geo-reference point clouds and imagery depicting the reality in an accurate and productive manner and intense efforts have been made to implement automatic methods for extracting geometric and semantic useful information. This work shows a method based on evaluating roughness descriptors from mobile LiDAR data to automatically segment and classifies asphalt and stone pavements. The method includes segmentation of 1 m slices from the road, extraction of profiles, evaluation of roughness parameters, and K-means clustering. Among the evaluated roughness descriptors, only arithmetic average of absolute values (between 2.5 · 10-3 m to 4 · 10-3 m for stone and 10-3 to 2 · 10-3 m for asphalt) and root mean squared (between 3 · 10-3 m to 5 · 10-3 m for stone and 10-3 m to 2 · 10-3 m for asphalt) show robust classification. The methodology is tested in three real case studies.
[discusses] qualitative sampling strategies [in primary health care research] with a study designed to understand why particular doctors seem to attract particular patients (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The path to technological innovation is made up of a number of identifiable macro and micro level discriminators. The macro level includes: (1) the technological prerequisites; (2) the country's sociocultural tendencies; and (3) the country's material, human, and institutional infrastructures. At the micro level the filters include: (4) the structure of the particular industry: (5) the size and nature of the individual firm; (6) the attitudes of the management of the firm; and (7) the establishment of standards for the widespread diffusion of the innovation. The absence of one or more of these seven sequential steps diminishes the likelihood that innovation will occur. This article examines the macrocosm of innovation and the screening process while presenting two propositions that suggest how to enhance an invention's progression through the innovation funnel.
How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability
- Guest
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)
- S C Crommelinck
FLOSS in cadastre and land registration: opportunities and risks
- D Steudler
- M.-P Törhönen
- G Pieper
Validation of a cadastral map created using satellite imagery and automated feature extraction techniques: A case of Nepal
- D Kohli
- E Unger
- C Lemmen
- R Bennett
- M Koeva
- J Friss
- B Bhandari
A new era in land administration emerges
- Lemmen
Feed the Future Ethiopia Land Governance Activity
- Usaid
Delineation-Tool wiki
- S Crommelinck
- I Ivanov
Regulation to provide for urban cadastral surveying Council of Ministers Regulation (323/2014)
- Fdre
SWOT analysis in urban land administration
- Gebrihet