Content uploaded by Petra Ossowski Larsson
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Petra Ossowski Larsson on Feb 25, 2025
Content may be subject to copyright.
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 1 of 9
A Sothic date for the early 4th Dynasty of Egypt
Petra Ossowski Larsson*, Sweden
* Corresponding author: petra@cybis.se
Abstract
A first Sothic date for the early 4th dynasty of Egypt seems to be included in the
papyrus archive from Wadi el-Jarf. The date would imply that king Khufu accessed
the throne between -2603 and -2599 which is fully compliant with modern
radiocarbon dates for dynastic Egypt.
Introduction
Last Christmas holidays I spent some time reading “The Red Sea Scrolls” by Pierre
Tallet and Mark Lehner (ref.1). The readable book – with a wealth of instructive
illustrations - is about a recently excavated papyrus archive from Wadi el-Jarf, an
ancient Egyptian harbour on the Red Sea. Both the harbour and the papyri are
probably the oldest known of their kind, stemming from the beginning of the 4th
dynasty around 2600 BC. The harbour was intermittently in operation during the
reigns of kings Sneferu and Khufu for, among other things, copper and turquoise
mining expeditions to the Sinai across the sea. The papyri however are from the very
last year of Khufu’s reign, not long before the harbour was decommissioned and the
expeditions started from Ayn Sukhna instead under Khufu’s son Khafre. Furthermore
the papyri do not mention the Sinai-expeditions at all, but give instead detailed
accounts about the workforce putting the finishing touches to Khufu’s Great Pyramid
at Giza.
The papyri are partly accounts documents listing the supply of foodstuff and tools to
the pyramid builders, and partly logbooks about day-to-day activities of different
work-teams. Most striking is the display of natural and consequent use of
administrative tools. Every move and every gadget was recorded on papyrus
spreadsheets, with input on the time axis from the newly launched Egyptian civil
calendar. That means that virtually everyone was aware of the actual civil date and
that at least the boss of a work-team of some 40 men was able to read/write and had
book-keeping skills.
The logbook of an Inspector Merer (papyrus A/B) and the bread accounts document
papyrus H are the least fragmentary parts of the Wadi el-Jarf papyri. The entries are
dated around the Egyptian New Year and continue almost uninterrupted for several
ten days periods (decans, “Egyptian weeks”) and months. For some reason Tallet
and Lehner assume that Merer’s logbook, explicitly dated to the first day of the
inundation season, commenced in July but this is probably a mix-up of facts about
the civil calendar and nearly two months off the real time of the (solar) year when
things happened. Let me explain in the following sections.
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 2 of 9
The Egyptian civil calendar
Our own Gregorian calendar, introduced in the catholic parts of Europe and its
colonies as early as 1582, is designed to follow the solar year as close as possible
using quite complicated rules for the insertion of leap days. At introduction, its explicit
purpose was to keep the seasons and especially the astronomical annual milestones
(e.g. the vernal equinox) at a fixed time of the calendar in order to facilitate the
computation of the correct date for the Christian Easter celebration.
The forerunner of the Gregorian calendar was the simpler Julian calendar, introduced
in the Roman empire under Julius Caesar, which inserts one leap day every fourth
year. At about the same time it is said, a calendar with the same year length as the
Julian calendar was introduced in Egypt, the Coptic calendar. As a year length of
365¼ days is a little longer than the astronomical solar year, the Julian calendar
gains 1 day per 128 years.
Before the introduction of the Julian calendar however, the Egyptians had an even
simpler civil calendar without any leap days at all (ref.2).
The Egyptian civil calendar was a quasi solar calendar with a year of exactly 365
days distributed to 12 months with 30 days each, and an additional "intercalary
month" of 5 days (epagomena, earliest attested in the Wadi el-Jarf papyri (ref.1)).
The 12 months were grouped into 3 seasons of 4 months each (hence 120 days),
initially beginning around the summer solstice (midsummer) with the flood season or
inundation, followed by the growth season starting late in October and finally the
harvest season starting early in spring. New Year was celebrated on I Thoth 1, the
first day of the flood season.
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Intercalary
month
Thoth Phaophi Athyr Choiak Tybi Mechir Phamenoth Pharmuthi Pachons Payni Epiphi Mesore Hryw Rnpt
(1)
Akhet
(2)
Akhet
(3)
Akhet
(4)
Akhet
(1)
Peret
(2)
Peret
(3)
Peret
(4)
Peret
(1)
Shemu
(2)
Shemu
(3)
Shemu
(4)
Shemu
5 days
Flood season, inundation Growth season, winter Low water or harvest season, summer Epagomena
Table 1: Months and seasons of the Egyptian civil calendar. A date can be given as a certain day (e.g.
20) either of a month of the year (e.g. IX Pachons 20) or a month of a season (e.g. (1) Shemu 20). To
ease reading, we will if possible translate all civil dates to a short notation with only number of month
and number of day e.g. IX 20.
As the astronomical solar year is longer than the civil year - almost ¼ day - the
Egyptian civil calendar lagged about 1 day in 4 years. Therefore the civil year slowly
cycled backwards through the solar year, growing more and more out of phase with
the seasons. One full cycle, when the civil year again was about in phase with the
seasons, took 1460 (4 x 365) years. For this peculiarity the Egyptian civil calendar is
sometimes called the "wandering calendar".
When the Egyptian civil calendar was launched - we propose in -2781 at Memphis -
it was on the day for the heliacal rising of Sirius at this place and only two days after
midsummer. We propose that this Sirius observation was chosen as a straight for-
ward substitute for the more difficult observation of the summer solstice. We have
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 3 of 9
postulated that henceforward no further Sirius observations were made or needed to
keep the schematic calendar going. We have also demonstrated that the Egyptian
civil calendar indeed was used strictly schematically as a timekeeping instrument
(refs.3 to 6). For the first four years the "Sothic date" (day for the heliacal rising of
Sirius) was on I 1, i.e. New Year’s day. After four years the Sothic date shifted to I 2,
and so on. We believe that this rigorous, non-astronomical rule was the great benefit
of the civil calendar which allowed a long-term count of unique four-years-periods for
administrative purposes. It also makes that we today can firmly synchronize the
Egyptian civil calendar with our calendar if we have some handed-down moon dates
and know the Julian date for the heliacal rising of Sirius in -2781 at Memphis. Modern
astronomical retro-calculations show that this (start or standard) date was July 16.
Time setting of the Wadi el-Jarf papyri
Because of the civil calendar’s wandering we will not be able to determine during
which seasons of the solar year the dates mentioned in the Wadi el-Jarf papyri play
out, if we do not establish an approximate year in our calendar. The papyri tell us that
they are recording events during the second year after the 13th census under king
Khufu, i.e. in his 26th or 27th regnal year. A couple of different accession dates are
proposed for the second ruler of the 4th Egyptian dynasty e.g.: -2588 (to -2565, ref.7),
-2508 (to -2482, ref.8), or -2632 (to -2604, ref.1). However, a maximum of one of
these dates can be “true” which is why I’m inclined to ask also what natural science
has to say.
Approximate scientific dates for dynastic Egypt have been established as a result of a
groundbreaking radiocarbon study by Christopher Bronk Ramsey et al. (ref.9). The
study utilizes radiocarbon wiggle-matching of short-lived organic material from secure
contexts sequenced according to two historical chronologies (king lists). The
chronology compiled by Ian Shaw (ref.7) apparently gives the best conformity
towards the radiocarbon study, with an accession date for Khufu around -2600. This
would mean that the papyri were written about -2575.
In the table in the appendix we then find a Sothic date valid for the year -2575: civil
month II day 22. This means that in this specific year the heliacal rising of Sirius (with
fixed date July 16 in the Julian calendar) fell on civil month II day 22. Furthermore,
using a calendar converter (ref.10) the Julian date can be converted to the proleptic
Gregorian date June 25 which is close to the summer solstice. Figure 1 is a graphical
representation of the conditions in -2575.
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 4 of 9
Jan Febr Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct. Nov Dec Gregorian
J
Febr Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct. Nov Dec J Julian -2575
IX X XI XII +5
epag.
I II III
??
IV V VI VII VIII Egypt. Civil
-2575
Shemu Akhet Peret
Figure 1: Typical Nile water level for a solar year, always valid in the Gregorian calendar. Julian and
Egyptian civil calendars adjusted for the year -2575. Red bar: time span Papyrus A. Purple bar:
proposed time span Papyrus B. Green bar: time span Papyrus H, dark green = certain, light green =
alternative uncertain.
This means that inspector Merer’s mission at Giza started early in May and not in
July, as the first part of his logbook (papyrus A) is explicitly dated to the first month of
the flood season (Akhet), day 1. Have a look at figure 1, and consult the calendar
converter (ref. 10) if you do not believe me.
Which tasks did Merer’s work-team perform according to papyrus A? The first decan
(month I, days 1 to 10) was dedicated to some rapid shuttle service between the
construction site at Giza and the limestone quarries at Tura, probably in order to
move workers from Tura to Giza. At the end of the decan while moored at Giza, an
official arrived with further instructions for the work-teams.
During the second decan (month I, days 11 to 20) Merer’s work-team was helping to
prepare the artificial canals and basins at the foot of the Giza plateau to receive the
approaching Nile flood. Water management for irrigation, drainage and – as in this
case – transportation has been practiced in Egypt since predynastic times (ref.11).
Opening the canals to the Nile just when the flood arrives in the middle of May makes
perfect sense, the officials had most probably also some predictions from a Nilometer
to be sure about the correct timing. The canals and basins would then stay open for
about six months after which time they were closed again in order to avoid drying up.
Papyrus A ends here, but were there more decans on it which have been lost or does
the logbook continue on papyrus B? Tallet and Lehner propose that Papyrus B
undoubtedly follows on immediately after Papyrus A, which would mean that at least
a part of the third decan of month I is recorded to the right on papyrus B. This is even
more plausible as papyrus B starts with days 25 to 30 of a month which name is lost.
For the following month – which would be the second of Akhet (II) if this reasoning is
correct – information for days 1 to 9 and 13 to 26 is broadly complete but the month’s
name is lost.
Summer solstice -2575
June 21Greg, July 12Jul,
II 18
Civ
Heliacal rising Sirius -2575
June 25Greg, July 16Jul,
II 22
Civ
Nile water level [m] above low
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 5 of 9
The tasks performed by Team Merer described in papyrus B were highly repetitive:
they hauled and loaded white limestone blocks at the Tura quarries and shipped
them to Giza (where they were used as cladding on the Great Pyramid or on the
buildings at the pyramid’s foot). One roundtrip took about three days and the
activities went on for several decans, with one notable exception though. We will
analyze this exception in the following section.
What happened in the third decan of month II?
Day 20: [Inspector] Mer[er] spends the day with [his phyle] hauling stones in
Tura South (?), loads 5 craft, spends the night at Tura.
Day 21: [Inspector] Merer spends the day with his [phyle] loading a transport
ship-imu at Tura North, sets sail from Tura in the afternoon. Day 22: spends the
night at Ro-She Khufu. In the morning, sets sail from Ro-She Khufu; sails
towards Akhet-Khufu; spends the night at the Chapels of [Akhet] Khufu. Day 23:
the director of 10 Hesi spends the day with his naval section in Ro-She Khufu,
because a decision to cast off was taken; spends the night at Ro-She Khufu.
Day 24: Inspector Merer spends the day with his phyle hauling (stones? craft?)
with those who are on the register of the Elite, the aper-teams and the noble
Ankhhaf, director of Ro-She Khufu. Day 25: Inspector Merer spends the day
with his team hauling stones in Tura, spends the night at Tura North. [Day 26
…] sails towards […] (ref.1).
This is a translation of fragment B IV which covers the third decan of month II. The
last day (day 20) of the second decan is also included as it is relevant for the course
of events.
My interpretation of the brief report is that Merer’s team helped to assemble a whole
convoy of stone carrying crafts including a transport ship at Tura, departing on day 21
in the afternoon. They slept over at the entrance of Lake Khufu (an artificial lake at
the foot of the Giza plateau) and proceeded on day 22 to the royal residence where
they spent the night at the Chapels (? or maybe granaries?).
The next day all participants sailed back to the entrance of Lake Khufu where a naval
section under the command of director Hesi readied their ships and cast off. The
following day (day 24) the whole workforce under direction of prince Ankh-haf pulled
together to unload the crafts which Merer had brought from Tura. Then Merer and his
team returned to Tura and continued their regular tasks.
So, why visited Team Merer and a lot of other people including members of the royal
navy the royal residence on month II day 22? Does the date sound familiar? Yes, it is
the day for the heliacal rising of Sirius, and no, I did not tamper with the datings to get
it exactly right, it just turned out that way.
The Sothis festival (prt Spdt, or sometimes Wpt-rnp.t) was one of the most important
feasts in Egypt. Wpt-rnp.t means “opener of the year”, here with regard to the solar or
agricultural year. Since ancient times the feast was held around midsummer, but with
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 6 of 9
the centuries passing the summer solstice and the heliacal rising of Sirius slowly
drifted apart. In -2575 there were already four days between the events (see figure
1), but the rising of Sirius was still in accord with the civil calendar. A few centuries
later however, the rising would occur one day after the date predicted by the calendar
(ref.3).
What was the Sothis festival like? The Sothic date of the El Lahun archive is
contained in Papyrus Berlin (PB) 10012. The papyrus consists of two fragments. One
fragment is a copy of a letter, in which the date for the approaching heliacal rising of
Sirius is forwarded to a temple priest. The letter is dated VII 25, regnal year 7 of an
unnamed pharaoh of the 12th dynasty, and the heliacal rising is on VIII 16 which is
valid for the years -1881 to -1878. The second fragment contains information about
the supplies for the Sothis-feast which was held on VIII 17: annual rate: preparation
of 200 loaves and 60 jugs of beer (ref.12).
A little more full-bodied description of the feast is given in the Canopus decree by
Ptolemy III Euergetes I (year -238, ref.13):
… in like manner there shall be celebrated a great festival at the proper
season of the year in honour of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Ptolemy,
the ever-living, the beloved of Ptah, and Queen Berenice , the two Beneficent
Gods, in the sanctuaries of Upper and Lower Egypt, and throughout all Egypt,
on the day when the divine star Sothis makes its [first] appearance, which
is called in the Sacred Books 'the opening of the year' […] and this festival
shall be kept for five days, and [the people] shall wear garlands of flowers
upon their heads and ornaments, and they shall lay offerings upon the
altars, and they shall make drink offerings, and shall perform all things
whatsoever it is right and proper to do. …
Sounds almost like the description of a Swedish midsummer festival to me, and this
is probably what Merer and all the other invited party guests were occupied with at
the royal residence - at the expense of the pharaoh.
To create a little confusion, the ancient Egyptians celebrated another feast called
“opener of the year”. That was the New Year festival on month I day 1 of the civil
calendar. This festival followed directly after the five “days upon the year”
(epagomena) which also were feast days dedicated to the births of certain Gods, i.e.
six holidays in a row. Although inspector Merer’s logbook spans over month I day 1,
the records of his movements at that time are lost.
A bread accounts document from about the same period
Papyrus H is a different type of documents, it contains the month-wise accounts of
bread (cereals) allowances for the work-teams. The papyrus starts explicitly with the
3rd month of Akhet (month III), but then it continues with month XII, the epagomenal
days and months I and II. Something is wrong, either month III is misplaced, or it is
not really the 3rd of Akhet but rather the 3rd of Shemu (i.e. month XI). I assume the
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 7 of 9
latter, the scribe could have made a writing error which was not corrected e.g.
because the papyrus was anyway to be written out fair.
Two things are interesting with regard to inspector Merer’s logbook. Firstly, Merer
was working on some public project already during March and April that year, before
he started to work at Giza. Secondly – as the place which supplied the cereals was
written out on papyrus H – the bread allowances came from the royal residence in
month II. That is the month during which the Sothis festival was held at the residence
as we have seen above.
We can not be sure that papyrus H is from the same year as papyri A/B. But even if it
is from the year before or after, its content would be quite similar as around that time
the Sothis feast would always have been celebrated in month II.
Conclusions
By careful analysis of the time-setting of the Wadi el-Jarf archive a first Sothic date
for the early 4th Egyptian dynasty has been obtained. The date month II day 22
corresponds to the regnal year 26 or 27 of king Khufu and is valid for the years -2577
to -2574. This means that Khufu accessed the throne between -2603 to -2599. To
narrow that range we would need a moon date (information about the moon age at a
distinct civil date) somewhere in the papyri, but so far I’ve not seen any.
Finally I would like to thank Pierre Tallet and Mark Lehner that they not only
published their results but also their raw data, which allowed me to contribute a little
to the interpretation of the Wadi el-Jarf papyri.
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 8 of 9
References
1. Tallet, P & Lehner, M. (2021). The Red Sea Scrolls. How Ancient Papyri Reveal the Secrets of the
Pyramids. Thames & Hudson, London. ISBN 978-0-500-05211-2
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359729490_The_Red_Sea_Scrolls_How_Ancient_Papyri_R
eveal_the_Secrets_of_the_Pyramids
2. Meyer E., Ägyptische Chronologie, Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften 1904. https://archive.org/details/abhandlungenderk1904kn
3. Ossowski Larsson P. & Larsson L.Å. (2020). Towards an absolute scientific date for the Egyptian
New Kingdom, part 1: the Egyptian Civil Calendar revisited. ResearchGate DOI:
10.13140/RG.2.2.33028.07049.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338543618_Towards_an_absolute_scientific_date_for_the_
Egyptian_New_Kingdom_part_1_the_Egyptian_Civil_Calendar_revisited
4. Ossowski Larsson P. & Larsson L.Å. (2020). Towards an absolute scientific date for the Egyptian
New Kingdom, part 2: the New Moon dates. ResearchGate DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12339.66088
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341279875_Towards_an_absolute_scientific_date_for_the_
Egyptian_New_Kingdom_part_2_the_New_Moon_dates
5. Ossowski Larsson P. & Larsson L.Å. (2020). Towards an absolute date for the Egyptian New
Kingdom, part 3: Abu Simbel. ResearchGate DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36658.84169
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343583380_Towards_an_absolute_date_for_the_Egyptian_
New_Kingdom_part_3_Abu_Simbel
6. Ossowski Larsson P. & Larsson L.Å. (2022). The absolute dating of three pharaohs of the Egyptian
12th dynasty. ResearchGate DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22434.91849
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366485390_The_absolute_dating_of_three_pharaohs_of_th
e_Egyptian_12th_dynasty
7. Shaw, I. ( Ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2000).
8. Ancient Egyptian Chronology. Edited by Hornung E.,Krauss R. and Warburton, D.A. Brill, Leiden,
Boston 2006. https://archive.org/details/AncientEgyptianChronology_201303
9. Bronk-Ramsey, C., Dee, M.W., Rowland, J.M., Higham, T.F.G., Harris, S.A., Brock, F., Quiles, A.,
Wild, E.M., Marcus, E.S. and Shortland, A.J. 2010. Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic
Egypt. Science 328: 1554 –1557. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44683433_Radiocarbon-
Based_Chronology_for_Dynastic_Egypt
10. Bär, N.A., Chronologie und Kalender. Fragen der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie,
Osterberechnungen, Kalender des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens, Umrechnungsprogramme.
http://www.nabkal.de/kalrech8.html, accessed 2025-02-06.
Note: The epoch of the Eg. civil calendar (Alt-ägyptisch) output of this calendar converter is -746 Febr.
27 (Era Nabonassar). Moreover, the converter uses the standard date of the Almagest for the civil
calendar, which results in a 3 days offset compared with standard date July 16 as used in this article.
11. Ahmed, A.T., El Gohary, F., Tzanakakis, V.A. and Angelakis, A.N. 2020. Egyptian and Greek
Water Cultures and Hydro-Technologies in Ancient Times. Sustainability 12, 9760;
doi:10.3390/su12229760. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346180703
12. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus_Berlin_10012, accessed 2025-02-12.
13. The Canopus decree. Translated by André Dollinger from the hieroglyphic version by S. Birch,
Records of the Past, Series 1, Vol.VIII, 1876. Samuel Bagster and Sons, London.
http://www.attalus.org/egypt/canopus_decree.html
Dating Khufu, draft, 2025-02-25, Page 9 of 9
Appendix: Sothic dates for the years from -2781 to -2558
Knowing the start- and end-years of the Sothic cycles, we can write a table which allows the direct
assignation of all possible dates for the heliacal rising of Sirius (i.e. Sothic dates) in the schematic
Egyptian civil calendar to the corresponding four-years period in the Julian calendar (see a complete
table -2781 to 138 CE in ref.3, Appendix B).
Year
CE
Sothic date
-2781
I Thoth 1
-2780
-2779
-2778
-2777
I Thoth 2
-2776
-2775
-2774
-2773
I Thoth 3
-2772
-2771
-2770
-2769
I Thoth 4
-2768
-2767
-2766
-2765
I Thoth 5
-2764
-2763
-2762
-2761
I Thoth 6
-2760
-2759
-2758
-2757
I Thoth 7
-2756
-2755
-2754
-2753
I Thoth 8
-2752
-2751
-2750
-2749
I Thoth 9
-2748
-2747
-2746
-2745
I Thoth 10
-2744
-2743
-2742
-2741
I Thoth 11
-2740
-2739
-2738
-2737
I Thoth 12
-2736
-2735
-2734
-2733
I Thoth 13
-2732
-2731
-2730
-2729
I Thoth 14
-2728
-2727
-2726
Year
CE
Sothic date
-2725
I Thoth 15
-2724
-2723
-2722
-2721
I Thoth 16
-2720
-2719
-2718
-2717
I Thoth 17
-2716
-2715
-2714
-2713
I Thoth 18
-2712
-2711
-2710
-2709
I Thoth 19
-2708
-2707
-2706
-2705
I Thoth 20
-2704
-2703
-2702
-2701
I Thoth 21
-2700
-2699
-2698
-2697
I Thoth 22
-2696
-2695
-2694
-2693
I Thoth 23
-2692
-2691
-2690
-2689
I Thoth 24
-2688
-2687
-2686
-2685
I Thoth 25
-2684
-2683
-2682
-2681
I Thoth 26
-2680
-2679
-2678
-2677
I Thoth 27
-2676
-2675
-2674
-2673
I Thoth 28
-2672
-2671
-2670
Year
CE
Sothic date
-2669
I Thoth 29
-2668
-2667
-2666
-2665
I Thoth 30
-2664
-2663
-2662
-2661
II Phaophi 1
-2660
-2659
-2658
-2657
II Phaophi 2
-2656
-2655
-2654
-2653
II Phaophi 3
-2652
-2651
-2650
-2649
II Phaophi 4
-2648
-2647
-2646
-2645
II Phaophi 5
-2644
-2643
-2642
-2641
II Phaophi 6
-2640
-2639
-2638
-2637
II Phaophi 7
-2636
-2635
-2634
-2633
II Phaophi 8
-2632
-2631
-2630
-2629
II Phaophi 9
-2628
-2627
-2626
-2625
II Phaophi
10
-2624
-2623
-2622
-2621
II Phaophi
11
-2620
-2619
-2618
-2617
II Phaophi
12
-2616
-2615
-2614
Year
CE
Sothic date
-2613
II Phaophi
13
-2612
-2611
-2610
-2609
II Phaophi
14
-2608
-2607
-2606
-2605
II Phaophi
15
-2604
-2603
-2602
-2601
II Phaophi
16
-2600
-2599
-2598
-2597
II Phaophi
17
-2596
-2595
-2594
-2593
II Phaophi
18
-2592
-2591
-2590
-2589
II Phaophi
19
-2588
-2587
-2586
-2585
II Phaophi
20
-2584
-2583
-2582
-2581
II Phaophi
21
-2580
-2579
-2578
-2577
II Phaophi
22
-2576
-2575
-2574
-2573
II Phaophi
23
-2572
-2571
-2570
-2569
II Phaophi
24
-2568
-2567
-2566
-2565
II Phaophi
25
-2564
-2563
-2562
-2561
II Phaophi
26
-2560
-2559
-2558
