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Teun A. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis of the Palestinian resistance poetry Lam Yabqo Hibrun by Maisa Abd Elhadi
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This study aims to analyze the language used by MR Gohar in his poetry collection “Metaphors,” including identifying linguistic features, stylistic devices, and rhetorical techniques. Additionally, the study categorizes the major themes present in the poems, uncovering the underlying messages, ideas, and emotions conveyed by the poet throughout the collection. A systematic sampling method was employed to select five poems from the book “Metaphors,” and Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was utilized as a framework. The application of CDA using this model reveals intriguing findings in the analyzed poems, encompassing the use of metaphor, sensory language, negativity, appeals, exploration, symbolism, comparison, creativity, and personal expression. The identified major themes include loss, negative influences, escapism through sleep, the symbolism of red representing destiny and vulnerability, the creativity associated with autumn, and the themes of longing and memories. The research provides valuable insights into the poet’s contemplation of these themes throughout the analyzed poems and suggests further exploration of metaphorical expressions to effectively convey complex ideas and emotions.
Diskursus adalah topik utama dalam teori sosial, dengan pekerjaan yang mencakup bidang-bidang seperti sosiologi, antropologi, filsafat kontinental, dan analisis diskursus. ini menjadi sebuah konsep yang dibangun oleh Michel Foucault (1926–1984). diskursus dalam berbagai karyanya Foucault adalah kumpulan ide, pemikiran, dan gambar yang berkontribusi pada pembentukan gagasan suatu budaya. Sebagai seorang filsuf, foucault menawarkan teori diskursus untuk mendukung argumennya. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara eksplisit dan komprehensif konsep pemikiran Michel foucault dari perspektif filsafat. Tujuan ini dicapai dengan memaparkan latar belakang dan beberapa pokok-pokok karya Michel foucault tentang diskursus, terutama dalam karyanya masuk gagasan pokok, pandangan, dan nalar empirismenya melalui gagasan diskursus yang ada. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dalam bidang filsafat. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara hermeneutika dengan dua unsur metode yaitu verstehen dan interpret. Pertama, penelitian ini menunjukkan Diskursus dibentuk oleh hubungan antara keinginan dan dan institusi. Analisis memisahkan keduanya, kritis dan genealogis. Kedua, Prosedur penguasaan dan pengendalian dibagi oleh Foucault menjadi tiga kategori: pengecualian, penghalusan, dan penerapan (analisis bentuk tidak menunjukkan kelimpahan, tetapi kelangkaan). Kemudian dia memeriksa bagaimana ini bersinggungan dengan filsafat. Ketiga, tugas-tugas ini membutuhkan prinsip-prinsip metodologis: pertama, prinsip pembalikan; kedua, prinsip diskontinuitas; ketiga, prinsip kekhususan; keempat, prinsip eksterioritas. Konsep filosofis yang mendasar adalah peristiwa dan rangkaian. diskursus menurut foucault harus dipahami sebagai instrumen dan efek kekuasaan, dan juga sebagai penghalang, titik perlawanan dan titik awal untuk strategi lawan.
Dewasa ini muncul banyak apologet Kristen yang melakukan misi apologetikanya di media youtube. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kehadiran dan peran Roh Kudus dalam misi apologetika Sam Shamoun, salah seorang apologet kontemporer di media youtube yang berasal dari Gereja Asiria Timur. Penulis menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik menonton tujuh video Sam Shamoun di channel youtubenya. Hasil dari menonton video itu kemudian penulis ubah ke dalam bentuk tulisan (transkrip) lalu menganalisinya. Dengan menggunakan ilmu pneumatologi sebagai pisau analisis dalam tulisan ini, penulis menemukan bahwa Sam Shamoun tidak memiliki integritas dalam berapologi di media youtube. Ia tidak sungguh-sungguh melibatkan kekuatan Roh Kudus dalam misi apologetikanya. Meskipun apa yang diajarkan atau dibelanya berangkat dari kebenaran Kristen, tetapi cara ia berdialog dengan lawan bicaranya di youtube tidak mengidentifikasikan dirinya sebagai seorang apologet sejati–yang dipimpin oleh Roh Kudus. Dari tulisan ini, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa Sam Shamoun adalah seorang apologet presuposisionalis kontemporer di mana ia menjadikan Kitab Suci dan kebenaran Kristen sebagai titik tolaknya dalam apologetikanya; tidak hanya membela imannya, tetapi juga menyerang pihak lain di luar agamanya.
The discourse on the 2024 presidential candidate issue is a discourse formed by the practice of power which implies certain goals. Therefore, media discourse that reports on the 2024 presidential candidate issue is an issue or problem that contains critical languages or expressions. This research is important to find out the purpose or intention of the presidential candidate issue which reports on popular figures who have a major influence on social change and the progress of the country in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze news texts about presidential candidates using the text dimensions of the Teun A. van Dijk model in the form of macro structure, super structure, and micro structure which are modified with the Jufri model. The type of method used is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive design that describes aspects of the text dimensions of the discourse structure, the data used is written text on the online news media CNN Indonesia, Jawapos.com, and Kompas.com. The results of this study are to describe the description and interpretation of the aspects of text dimensions in the form of macro structure, super structure, and micro structure which are then explained in the form of actions or actions that have a specific purpose. This research is useful for making a theoretical contribution and providing a conceptual overview that can inspire researchers or students who focus on the study of critical discourse analysis and can be implemented in critical discourse courses.
In 2020 Feast music group released the Uang Muka album. In the album, one song, Dapur Keluarga, represents the phenomenon of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism (KKN) in Indonesia. To analyze the discourse of social criticism in the song Dapur Keluarga, Teun A. Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis model has three analytical frameworks. That is text analysis, social cognition, and social context. Qualitative descriptive is a research method that carefully describes and interprets the data from discourse analysis with existing phenomena and is then used to draw relevance between social criticism discourse and KKN phenomena in Indonesia.Based on the results of research using the method of analysis of critical discourse Teun A. Van Dijk, through text structure, social cognition, and social context analysis, found that the Dapur Keluarga has a meaning with the message of social criticism delivered satirically to human actions in seeking to profit from the suffering of others such as the practice of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism carried out by the corrupt and those closest to them (family and relatives) who It is depicted in the Dapur Keluarga. The relevance of discourse is found in the real problems in Indonesia. Cases of KKN practice involving family members and closest people, such as the case of the Regent of East Kutai, Bansos West Bandung, Gratification of Cases in the Supreme Court, and many more. In conclusion, the discourse of social criticism of the lyrics of the Dapur Keluarga song has relevance to the phenomena of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism in Indonesia.
Gender discrimination is the difference in treatment between men and women in the fulfillment of their rights in social life. This research using qualitative descriptive method analyzes the text discourse structure contained in the Samjin Company English class film with the Slice of Life genre. It tells the story of three female employees who try to get promotions at their company in the midst of rampant gender discrimination at that time in 1995. Through the discourse analysis of Teun A Van Dijk, a model from several dimensions of analysis was found, including the text dimension, social cognition dimension and social context dimension. From the results of the study, it was found that discrimination is a very wrong thing in understanding gender equality. The director and screenwriter of this film, who likes to criticize gender issues in his work, agrees with these things.
Language as a communication tool has an important role in human interaction. Language can be used by humans to convey their ideas, ideas, desires, feelings and experiences to others. Language is a form of embodiment of human civilization and culture, in the linguistic dictionary, language is an arbitrary sound symbol unit used by a member of society to work together, interact and identify themselves. The spoken language between one region and another is different which is called a dialect. In order to unite the language in the community from several regions, a national language is needed. In addition, in the process of communication, speech acts also occur. A communication process cannot be separated from speech acts or speech events. The importance of communication encourages people to be more creative in creating new media as a means to facilitate the communication process.
Poetry is a central model of human beings' use of words to explore, express, and understand (Simecek and Rumbold, 2016). Dramatizing poetry encourages students to consider poetic themes and substance more fully and unlocks the meaning of poems in various ways. (Ferguson, 2014) In the Philippines, it was the University of the Philippines (UP) Repertory Company which developed the convenient form of the first play-poem (dula-tula), "Ang Kagila-Gilalas Na Pakikipagsapalaran ni Juan Dela Cruz". This literary study assumes that there is a sociopolitical context in the first play-poem, "Ang Kagila-Gilalas Na Pakikipagsapalaran ni Juan Dela Cruz" in today's societal issues. Using critical discourse analysis, the researcher explores the local colors, figurative languages, and poem messages that reveal sociopolitical. The researcher anchors the realism and Marxism literary theories on the analysis of the play-poem. Results indicate that the first play-poem shows sociopolitical through local colors, figurative languages, and messages. The study confirms that the first play-poem of Jose Lacaba have sociopolitical context embedded in their literary element.
This study aimed to describe the dimensions of the text of the Teun A Van Dijk' model in the text discourse online news “the decline in refinery profits threatens to increase oil prices”. The rise of online media news coverage regarding the decline in refinery profits threatening the increasing oil prices interests the researchers in analyzing the discourse because the author considers that no mass media is completely neutral and objective. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with Teun A Van Dijk’s theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, because the Van Dijk’s model also looks at the social cognition of the unit of observation and the social context in which the unit of observation occurs. The result of the research revealed that most of the dimensions of the text structure were met. Social analysis that is obtained was the decrease in refinery profits will cause new problems in public social life. For the textual analysis of macrostructure elements, the topic described a common theme of this online news which is "petroleum". In this news discourse, several elements of the microstructure were found in the form of background, detail, intent, coherence, conditional coherence, sentence form, and presuppositions.
This study aims to describe the form of language expression and the political news discourse perspective of Koran Kaltim using Roger Fowler's model. In using Roger Fowler's analysis, clarification can be seen how the same event is translated into different languages. These different words are not seen as technical but are seen as an ideological practice. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. Sources of data used in this research are journalistic products of printed mass media, namely Koran Kaltim. Data collection techniques are reading, listening, and note-taking techniques. The data presentation technique in this study contains an explanation of the forms of language expression and perspective. Overall the results of the study show the following two conclusions. First, the forms of language expression based on political news discourse modalities include necessity modality, desire modality, truth modality as well as various types of metaphors. This form of language expression represents the views, values, ideas and beliefs of journalists in the Kaltim newspaper. Second, the pro-government perspective dominates the political news in the Kaltim newspaper.
Yorùbá literary critics such as Olabimtan (1974a), Fo ̣ lọ runs ̣ ọ (1998), among ̣ others, have classified D. A. Obasá as a unique colonial poet whose poems ̣ were committed to the promotion of Yorùbá cultural heritage. Tus, a lot of critical works that exist on Obasa’s poems largely concentrate on the cultural ̣ and the philosophical dimensions with little or no focus on the socio-political commitment of the poet. The objective of this study therefore, was to examine the socio-political commitment of Obasa and his poetic utterances. The research methodology is descriptive. It is a corpus study or content analysis of the poetry books. Poems that are relevant to socio-political issues in the three books (Ìwé Kinni Awon Akéwì, ̣ Ìwé Kejì Awon Akéwì and ̣ Ìwé Kéta ̣ Àwoṇ Akéwì) were analyzed within the theory of Nativism. The major findings of the study were that: the selected poems have diverse socio-political themes as related to traditional politics, colonial politics, Yorùbá civil wars, first world war, migration and the need to remember one’s home or country; some of the poems were used as viable tool for political education; while others were essentially to ignite political consciousness in the readers. The paper concluded that Obasá was a committed poet who used his poetic utterances to disseminate, analyze, and educate the readers on the socio-political climate of colonial days. His non-violence ideological position in resolving socio-political issues is in consonance with the theory of Nativism and it is recommended for modern Yorùbá society and other African societies.
Konflik Israel-Palestina yang berlangsung pada bulan Mei 2021 menjadi berita internasional yang menarik perhatian masyarakat Indonesia. Media di Indonesia memberitakan konflik Israel-Palestina sebagai berita utama seiring warga yang melakukan pergerakan sosial dalam membantu korban konflik. Gerakan dukungan terhadap warga Palestina juga dilakukan secara politis oleh oleh kepala daerah, politisi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat-DPR dan Presiden Republik Indonesia, Joko Widodo yang menunjukkan kebijakan politik internasional Indonesia. Pemerintah, politisi dan organisasi masyarakat tampil di media dalam menunjukkan dukungan mereka terhadap kedaulatan Palestina. Namun, terdapat masyarakat Indonesia yang juga mendukung Israel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi objektifitas media di Indonesia dalam memberitakan konflik Israel-Palestina. Studi ini mengadopsi konsep objektifitas media terhadap berita dari tiga media siber di Indonesia yaitu okezone.com, detik.com, dan kompas.com. Metode yang diterapkan adalah penelitian analisis konten kuantitatif terhadap berita yang dipublikasikan tiga media siber nasional Indonesia tersebut selama bulan Mei-Juni 2021. Terdapat 225 sample berita yang didapat secara acak dari 675 berita yang terkumpul. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas intercoder menunjukkan hasil memuaskan dengan rata-rata nilai Cronbach Alpha 0.875. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tiga media siber Indonesia yang diteliti aktif memberitakan konflik Israel-Palestina dengan frekuensi berita yang tinggi. Ketiga media mengikuti objektifitas berdasarkan kepentingan publik yang sejalan dengan objektifitas pemerintah, dan media. Media siber Indonesia mengikuti objektifitas yang berdasar pada opini profesional dengan menampilkan peliputan yang informatif, sementara objektifitas media bersifat parsial mendukung kedaulatan Negara Palestina.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui memaparkan Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi dalam pendidikan. Didalam bidang Pendidikan Teknologi memberikan proses belajar yang mudah dilakukan. Semenjak berkembangnya IPTEK proses pendidikan menjadi lebih maju. Banyak yang berubah dari waktu ke waktu karna adanya teknologi. Perubahan yaitu seperti; cara guru mengajar, cara siswa belajar dan materi pembelajaran yang selalu di perbaharui. Biasanya proses pembelajaran dengan cara bertatap muka, namun sekarang pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan cara dari rumah masing-masing, seperti; aplikasi zoom, google classroom dan media lain yang dapat digunakan. Selain banyak memberikan manfaat, penyalahgunaan Teknologi juga memiliki dampak negatif seperti terjadinya plagiaritas, terancamnya kerahasiaan alat tes, mamanfaatkan teknologi untuk melihat atau mecari sesuatu yang tidak baik, dan lain-lain.
Perkembangan teknologi digital memberi pengaruh terhadap perubahan pola komunikasi masyarakat karena mampu menciptakan medium baru bagi masifikasi informasi. Media baru sebagai bagian dari hasil pengembangan kemajuan teknologi ini menggeser pola gaya hidup masyarakat yang kini beralih ke serba digital termasuk dalam menngonsumsi informasi. Arus informasi yang sangat deras melalui media baru sebagai medium membuat masyarakat kini masuk ke dalam era masyarakat informasi. Masifikasi informasi dan masyarakat informasi ini tidak terlepas dari adanya infrastruktur digital atau Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sehingga pemerintah pun terus melakukan penyediaan akses bagi seluruh masyarakat. Akses yang memadai terhadap informasi pada akhirnya meningkatkan peran masyarakat dalam membuat perubahan seiring dengan adanya peluang yang sangat luas dalam melakukan komunikasi umpan balik
Penelitian ini merupakan bentuk apresisasi kepada Isyana Sarasvati atas keberaniannya membuka jati diri musikalitasnya yang sebenarnya melalui lirik “Lexicon”. “Lexicon” adalah manifestasi kejujuran Isyana Sarasvati sebagai seorang musisi atau seniman yang mengabdikan diri dan musik ciptaannya kepada seni, bukan kepada uang atau kapitalis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengungkap makna leksikon yang dimaksud Isyana Sarasvati. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang akan mendeskripsikan analisis wacana kritis pada lirik “Lexicon” ciptaan Isyana Sarasvati dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui pendekatan analisis wacana, dan teori yang digunakan adalah teori analisis wacana kritis Teun A. van Dijk. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan analisis dimensi teks, yang terdiri atas struktur makro (tematik), superstruktur (tematik), dan struktur mikro (semantik, sintaksis, stilistik, dan retoris), analisis kognisi sosial, serta analisis konteks sosial dalam lirik “Lexicon”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan “Lexicon” bermakna kamus hidup Isyana Sarasvati yang terdiri dari beberapa emosi di antaranya, semangat, kesedihan, peringatan (khawatir), harapan, kesenduan, dan kebahagiaan.
This study aimed to analyze the structure of the text in the news texts of tempo.com entitled “Tolak Relokasi Ibu Kota,” published in 2019, in which it highlighted the government’s plan to relocate the capital city of Indonesia. The descriptive qualitative model was used by adapting van Dijk’s approach. The data were analyzed only in terms of the structure of text on online media tempo.com and with the orientation of the descriptive-analytic method. The data of this study were presented qualitatively. The results showed that the journalists of tempo.com media built public opinion in the news negatively. The journalists utilized selected diction, cause-effect organization, and selected speaker’s indirect quotations to produce news texts. Besides, the news was considered in harmony with its mission of providing a multimedia product independent and free from all pressures. The readers were led to a negative image of the government on tempo.com as an active and existent media in voicing justice.
Research has widely documented the effects of war and political violence on the functioning and well-being of adults and children. Yet, within this literature, women’s agency in the face of war-related adversity and political violence remains underexplored. The present study was conducted in the Gaza Strip in the aftermath of the most recent war on Gaza in 2014, with the aim of investigating the consequences of war and political violence for women’s mental health and psychological functioning. Based on interviews with 21 Palestinian women exposed to extreme war-related traumatic events, the article offers an analysis of the risk and protective factors affecting their well-being and enhancing (or diminishing) their agency. Human Security, Family Ties, Psychosocial Resources, Individual Resources, and Motherhood emerged from the women’s narratives as key factors contributing to the maintenance of positive psychological functioning and the ability to adjust to traumatic war events in the aftermath of acute armed conflict. These exploratory findings suggest that Palestinian women display a high level of functioning and resources for adjustment that is preserved after periods of devastating armed conflict. The study draws attention to a set of protective factors for the well-being of women and their families when living with chronic political violence.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan menjelaskan: (1) wujud tindak tutur yang mengandung implikatur dalam novel Ketika Derita Mengabadikan Cinta; (2) aneka implikatur yang terkandung dalam tindak tutur pada novel “Ketika Derita Mengabadikan Cinta.” Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data adalah data objektif berupa dokumen, yakni tuturan tokoh-tokoh dalam novel “Ketika Derita Mengabadikan Cinta.” Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis/mengkaji/mencatat dokumen (content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) wujud tindak tutur yang mengandung implikatur dalam novel “Ketika Derita Mengabadikan Cinta” antara lain tindak tutur Representatif, Direktif, Ekspresif, Komisif, Deklarasi, dan tindak tutur perlokusi; (2) aneka implikatur yang terdapat dalam novel “Ketika Derita Mengabadikan Cinta” berupa nilai moral/pembentukan karakter, sosial, psikologis, serta hal-hal positif lain yang dapat dijadikan sebagai teladan hidup. baik dalam berperilaku atau bertutur kata, seperti tuturan yang mengandung tindakan, mengajak, menyenangkan orang lain, mengklaim, meminta izin, memberikan kepastian/alasan, mengkritik, perasaan senang, humor, dan memberi nasihat.
em>The use of social media, especially by political figures, can directly bridge communications between politicians and their constituents and other supportive or opposing parties. This study aims to analyze the posts of political figures’ social media using discourse analysis to convey explicit or implicit messages that can not be separated from political intentions. Discourse analysis helps to understand the meaning of message or text of the media regarding the messenger's social environment and relationships. The study found that three political figures with most followers in three most popular social media platforms--Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter--Prabowo Subianto, Ridwan Kamil, and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono represent their nationalism and Islamic identity in their social media posts. They also convey their opinions about the general political issues in spite of divisive political condition among public that is also visible among politicians.</em
Since the 1960’s, epistemological skepticism and constructionism have had a firm position in literary studies. Structuralism’s late phase, post-structuralism, certain sub-branches of current narratology, and certain representatives of recent sociology of literature, in particular, have maintained this sort of philosophical line of thought in literary studies. According to it, literature’s epistemic function can chiefly lie in that it possibly helps us to deconstruct different discourses or world views and to understand their strengths and weaknesses. The article argues for the view that these research trends operate with a unidimensional conception of reality and with a questionable version of constructionism. Hence, they do not understand the specificity of societal-cultural reality and social actors’ specific epistemic relation to it. On this basis, modern literature can be seen as a discursive practice with epistemic and evaluative properties. It is a practice that usually deals with the problems that are caused by the development of societal-cultural reality and that are felt personally important by the authors of literary texts. Often it is just literary texts that first give a public expression to problems such as these.
Penelitian ini bertujuan memerikan representasi ideologi dalam struktur wacana Kata Hari Ini (KHI). Pembahasan difokus-kan pada representasi ideologi dalam struktur mikro, struktur super , dan struktur makro. Data utama berupa praktik kebahasaan yang merepresentasikan ideologi di dalam struktur wacana KHI . Sumber data berupa transkripsi (teks) wacana KHI . Data dalam penelitian kualitatif dengan ancangan analisis wacana kritis ini dikumpulkan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan dianalisis dengan mengikuti model analisis wacana kritis perspektif van Dijk. Hasil menunjukkan bah-wa wacana KHI memiliki keunikan tersendiri terutama dalam hal strukturnya. Temuan struktur mikro: kata, kalimat, dan gaya bahasa tertentu digunakan oleh penyampai wacana untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan ideologisnya. Temuan struktur super: wacana KHI ter-diri dari tiga bagian (awal, tengah, dan akhir). Bagian awal , dimulai dengan pernyataan-pernyataan sederhana (umumnya berupa ide-ide konseptual suatu objek). Bagian tengah , berisi klaim pembenar. Bagian akhir, berisi pernyataan-pernyataan simpulan. Setiap bagian tersebut memuat jenis-jenis dan pola-pola ideologi tertentu. Temu-an struktur makro: tema wacana KHI merepresentasikan ideologi sebagai sistem keyakinan dan sebagai sistem tindakan. Intinya, as-pek kebahasaan dan nonkebahasaan digunakan penyampai wacana sebagai strategi penyampaian pesan agar pesannya dapat diterima, dibenarkan, dipercaya, dan akhirnya diharapkan dapat mengubah sikap dan keyakinan publik.
A great deal has been written in the International Relations literature about the role of resilience in our social world. One of the central debates in the scholarship concerns the relationship between resilience and resistance, which several scholars consider to be one of mutual exclusivity. For many theorists, an individual or a society can either be resilient or resistant, but not both. In this article, we argue that this understanding of the resilience–resistance connection suffers from three interrelated problems: it treats resilience and resistance as binary concepts rather than processes; it presents a simplistic conception of resilient subjects as apolitical subjects; and it eschews the ‘transformability’ aspect of resilience. In a bid to resolve these issues, the article advocates for the usefulness of a relational approach to the processes of resilience and resistance, and suggests an approach that understands resilience and resistance as engaged in mutual assistance rather than mutual exclusion. The case of the Palestinian national liberation movement illustrates our set of arguments.
As readers move through a text, they engage in various types of processes that, if all goes well, result in a mental representation that captures their interpretation of the text. With each new text segment the reader engages in passive and, at times, reader-initiated processes. These processes are strongly influenced by the readers’ representation of the preceding text and, in turn, update this very same representation. This updated representation forms the backdrop for the processing of the next text segment, and so on. Thus, passive and reader-initiated processes and the evolving representation engage in a continual, intricate interaction as the reader moves through the text. We provide a framework for conceptualizing the interplay between these three components of comprehension and propose that (1) passive and reader-initiated processes interact during reading; (2) a reader’s standards of coherence moderate what kind and to what extent reader-initiated processes take place; (3) reader-initiated processes lie along a continuum from close-to-the-text, coherence-building processes to far-from-the-text, interpretive processes; and (4) the moment-to-moment processes and the evolving mental representation interact in a reciprocal fashion. We present results from recent experiments on key aspects of the framework, and identify questions the framework raises. We conclude with implications from this conceptualization for theoretical models of reading comprehension.
This article explores the origins of Palestinian literature vis-à-vis the historical, political and literary backgrounds of Palestine. It argues that understanding the forces that informed Palestinian writers is necessary to appreciate this literature. From the British Mandate to 1948 and its aftermath to the 1967 War and the continued Occupation, the article looks at major themes as writers search for imaginative forms to reconstruct their history and voice their identity. Going beyond the imposed legacy of history, Palestinian writers reclaim their loss and dispossession in miraculous words. The emergence of “Poetry of Resistance” in the 1950s and thereafter is a witness to the resilience of Palestinians inside Israel. Moreover, as Palestinian writing continues to flourish, it builds on early writing, rejecting the “nightmare of history.” Palestinian literature is at the heart of the Palestinian struggle.
Discourse analysis is the study of language in either spoken or written form. Written discourse is considered an imperative aspect that needs to be analysed. Cohesion, coherence, clause relations and text patterns are all parts of written discourse. This paper, therefore, aims to shed some light on the analysis of several written texts by discussing the possibility of applying written discourse analysis in English language teaching contexts. The paper starts by reviewing related literature about the meaning of cohesion, coherence, cohesive devices and text patterns, followed by reasons for choosing written discourse analysis in particular. Following this, an analysis of several written texts, together with the possibility of applying written discourse analysis in English language teaching, is presented. Before concluding this paper, an evaluation of the proposed application is provided. It is found that applying written discourse analysis in teaching written texts via the use of a problem solution pattern (SPRE) can increase what to expect in reading texts and the ability to write coherently. Although the author did not have the opportunity to apply this task, generally speaking, most text patterns involving SPRE are highly recommended for students when it comes to shaping their writing and this therefore makes students' writing coherent and easily readable.
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines the relationship between language and power in society. By linking micro, mezzo, and macro environments, examining the impact of language on marginalized communities, and providing a lens for critical reflection, CDA aligns with the frameworks and values of social work as a profession. Yet this method has been underutilized in social work research. This paper provides an orientation for social work scholars seeking to use CDA through discussion of four key “signposts” or decision-making points: 1) theoretical framing and rationale, 2) sampling and data generation, 3) data analysis, and 4) dissemination of findings. Drawing on examples from the authors’ experiences with CDA studies addressing diverse research topics and methodological decisions, this paper offers a wide range of research design strategies for conducting similar projects. Examples are varied in terms of theoretical framing, research questions, data sources, analytic strategies, and audience. They include analyses of neoliberal discourse in refugee policy, discourses of culture in international development research documents, constructions of bisexuality among older women, and representations of intimate partner violence in young adult novels and tweets. Along the way, attention is given to communicating about CDA for social work audiences, particularly those less familiar with the epistemological foundations of CDA and its implications for practice.
The television program of Mata Najwa on Trans 7, is well-known for its high rating, often invites public figures from society, politics and government. The program is used as a strategic media for groups of people from the background of social and politics, employing the oral designing, to influence public’s perception and opinion. As a result, it forms a particular discourse. A good discourse should not reveal various perception of the recipients. From every oral discourse being produced (either it is good or bad) will form various perception and drive public’s opinion. In this investigation, it focuses on Mata Najwa’s “Gara-Gara Tagar” which was broadcast live on Wednesday September 5th 2018 in Trans 7. The study of discourse, in this research, employs Van Dijk modeling on critical discourse analysis whose perspective is that language has strong relationship with power, ideology and politics. Three research problems being investigated in this research are textual analysis (micro structure), super-structure analysis and social-contextual analysis (macro structure). This is qualitative research by conducting observation to gain the data. The results of this research are macro structure, super structure analysis and micro structure analysis. Discourse can be employed as a media to making opinion which influences public’s opinion through sentences, diction and language styles.
By using information sources from the opponent’s side, the media can introduce alternative viewpoints and broaden the discussion on the conflict. One important information source that has received little attention in research is the other side’s media reports. This study explores the practice of inter-media citations by analyzing Israeli and Palestinian news reports published over a span of 10 years. Based on a computerized quantitative analysis of 235,340 media texts, the authors show how the weaker (Palestinian) side relies more heavily on the media of the stronger side (Israel) than vice versa. During escalations or negotiations, the rate of use of inter-media citations is significantly higher than during routine periods. Furthermore, two main characteristics of a media source make it more likely to be cited: political agenda and accessibility. The authors discuss the factors shaping the phenomenon of inter-media citations and the implications of this practice for conflict coverage.
Poetry is far from being an escapist type of activity, removed from society and reduced to a personal form of expression. On the contrary, poetic expressions are not only social endeavors, they also create something with the potential to question society and engage people in political action. In making this claim, we trace back poetry to its etymological roots, the Greek term poiesis, designating the activity of “making” or “bringing into existence.” In this chapter, we illustrate the political power of poetic expressions or, more broadly, of creative making (poiesis), at the level of society. Concretely, we will take the case study of a recent social movement in Mexico, YoSoy132, which uses poetic messages, among other art forms, to protest against the political establishment.
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