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JPPIPA 11(1) (2025)
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA
Journal of Research in Science Education
http://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/index
___________
How to Cite:
Candra, K. I., Hermawan, Y., Tristanti, Suyantri, E., & Rudiana. (2025). Tourism-Based Community Empowerment of People with
Disabilities. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(1), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.9839
Tourism-Based Community Empowerment of People with
Disabilities
Kiki Irafa Candra1, Yudan Hermawan1, Tristanti1, Eni Suyantri2*, Rudiana3
1 Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
2 Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teaching and Education, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia.
3 Appilied Linguistics - TESOL Program, Faculty of Arts, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Received: October 27, 2024
Revised: December 11, 2024
Accepted: January 25, 2025
Published: January 31, 2025
Corresponding Author:
Eni Suyantri
enisuyantri@unram.ac.id
DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.9839
© 2025 The Authors. This open access article is
distributed under a (CC-BY License)
Abstract: This study explores a tourism village-based community
empowerment model in Karangpatihan, a village with a significant
population of people with intellectual disabilities, aiming to improve their
economic and social welfare. Using an intrinsic case study approach with
qualitative methods, informants were purposively selected, including the
village head, Rumah Harapan managers, active programme participants,
and their families. Data was collected through interviews, observation, and
documentation, then analysed using Huberman's interactive model. The
programme’s training in batik ciprat, handicraft making, and tourism
management significantly improved outcomes. Participants’ income
increased by 30%-40%, supported by sales of crafts and tourism roles.
Socially, stigma against disabilities lessened as participants engaged in
guiding tours and ticket management. Challenges included limited digital
marketing innovation, insufficient training continuity, and low initial
motivation. Recommendations include enhancing digital marketing
through social media training, e-commerce platforms, and diversifying local
products. This model demonstrates strong potential for replication as an
inclusive and sustainable rural development strategy.
Keywords: Disability empowerment; Economic improvement; Social
welfare; Tourism
Introduction
Empowerment is a development model rooted in
community participation. This model aims to improve
the dignity and well-being of individuals, especially
those who face poverty and underdevelopment
(Chambers, 1995). Efforts to provide power or strength
to the community in order to get out of the problems
they face are known as community empowerment
actions. Indirectly, it can be interpreted that the
empowerment process carried out consistently will have
an impact on increasing community participation, this is
in line with Paschalia et al. (2022). In the context of
community development, empowerment provides
opportunities for individuals to develop skills, increase
knowledge, and gain control over decisions that affect
their lives (Stoykova, 2021). Thus, empowerment is key
in creating socio-economic self-reliance and
sustainability.
The high poverty rate in Indonesia is a major
challenge that requires innovative solutions. BPS
(Central Bureau of Statistics) data shows that the poverty
rate as of March 2023 reached 9.36%. In East Java, the
economic contraction of 2.39% in 2020 further
exacerbated the inequality of resource distribution
(Sopandi, 2021). These figures not only illustrate the
need for intervention, but also highlight the importance
of an integrated approach to improving community
welfare. In this context, village-based empowerment,
particularly through the development of tourism
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January 2025, Volume 11, Issue 1, 163-175
164
villages, emerges as one potential strategy to address
these issues. By utilising local potential, this approach
focuses not only on economic growth, but also on social
and cultural empowerment of the community.
This research offers a new perspective in village-
based empowerment with a focus on individuals with
intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita). Karangpatihan
becomes a unique example where empowerment is
conducted through the management of a tourism
village, an approach that has not been widely explored
in the literature. The uniqueness of this study lies in the
combination of economic empowerment and social
inclusion, where people with disabilities are not only the
beneficiaries but also the main actors in the management
of the tourism village.
This is in line with research from Madan et al.
(2024), which states that citizens with disabilities are one
of the empowerment concepts that are needed to train
mentally and also skills to be able to live normally in the
social environment of the community. This research
provides evidence that this approach can turn social
stigma into opportunities, while creating an inclusive
development model that can be replicated in other
communities. This expression is supported by research
from Sathiyah & Tomaselli (2024), which reveals that the
stigma embedded in each group or community will be a
strong reason for the empowerment process to take
place.
Previous research shows a variety of relevant
approaches in community-based management.
Parmawati et al. (2023) underlines the importance of
local resource management in supporting sustainability,
as is done in Karangpatihan Village utilising the tourism
potential and resources of residents with disabilities. In
addition, Khasanah et al. (2023) outlines the role of
tourism in supporting sustainable economic
development, which emphasises the importance of
collaboration between communities, government, and
other institutions, as applied in Karangpatihan Village
by involving the Village Government, Private Sector,
and residents.
While community-based empowerment has been
recognised as an effective development strategy, this
approach often excludes marginalised groups such as
people with disabilities. In many cases, individuals with
disabilities are still seen as a burden rather than a
resource (Sousa et al., 2022). This research is important
to show that tourism village-based empowerment can
provide dual benefits: improving the economic well-
being of marginalised individuals while preserving local
cultural values. With increasing attention on inclusive
development, this research becomes relevant as a guide
for policy makers and development practitioners in
creating effective and sustainable strategies.
Village-Based Empowerment
Tourism village-based empowerment is an
approach that actively involves communities in
developing, managing, and promoting local tourism
assets (Anugrawati & Pradana, 2021). In addition,
community participation in all stages of tourism
development-from planning to implementation-
increases the sense of ownership and responsibility for
the sustainability of the programme (Assen, 2021).
Community participation is an important element
in the success of this model. By involving citizens as key
stakeholders, tourism village-based empowerment is
able to shift the development paradigm from
government-centred to community-based. This
approach is in line with the view that social and
economic sustainability can only be achieved through
active collaboration between various parties (Chin et al.,
2024). In addition, tourism village-based empowerment
enables sustainable human resource development, by
encouraging community innovation and adaptation to
the dynamics of the tourism sector. Rinaldi et al. (2024)
suggesting that locally-based empowerment can
improve welfare without compromising environmental
sustainability, in line with the principles applied in
Karangpatihan through an inclusive approach.
Karangpatihan: Potential and Opportunities
Karangpatihan Village has its own potential and
uniqueness, especially in community empowerment,
where people with disabilities the main subjects in
tourism management. In addition to the uniqueness of
this empowerment, Karangpatihan Village also offers a
variety of interesting destinations. Not only natural
attractions such as Mount Beruk, Mimang Waterfall, and
Selotundo Cave, but also educational tourism at Rumah
Harapan which provides craft and batik training, as well
as historical tourism at the Patirtan Den Panji Site or
known as Sendang Beji. In addition to the abundant
potential of natural resources, Karangpatihan Village
also attracts attention because there are several hamlets
with a number of residents with disabilities, making it
unique as a community with an inclusion approach
(Fatayati & Gani, 2020).
The community in Karangpatihan Village is facing
various problems, mainly due to economic pressures
and the high price of basic commodities. As a solution,
many residents have been using cassava-based gaplek or
tiwul rice as their main meal for years. However, this
resulted in malnutrition, which is believed to be one of
the causes of mental retardation passed down through
generations in this area. This condition has also led to an
increase in the number of people with tunagrahita in
several dusun in the village. The number of families with
people with mental retardation currently stands at 98
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165
people, an increase from 69 people in 2011
(Karangpatihan Village Data, 2019).
Related to the news and the condition of the
community, the Karangpatihan Village Government
together with local residents were finally motivated to
carry out community empowerment, especially for
people with disabilities. There is an awareness that
people with disabilities cannot always depend on
assistance, so they need to be empowered to be
independent in fulfilling their daily needs. The village
government, community leaders, youth groups, and
local residents work together to run empowerment
programmes through mentoring methods (Nurhayati et
al., 2020).
One of the results is the establishment of the Rumah
Harapan Social Welfare Institution (LKS) in Dukuh
Tanggungrejo, Karangpatihan Village. Rumah Harapan
is an empowerment centre for people with disabilities,
providing them with training and opportunities to live
more independently. In addition to empowering
individuals, Rumah Harapan also fosters families of
people with disabilities, helping them to understand and
support the special needs of their family members.
The programmes run directly involve residents
with disabilities, because every individual has the same
right to live with dignity despite having certain
limitations. One of the programmes to increase their
participation is through a tourism village-based
empowerment programme, an empowerment
programme that has been running for more focused
aspects, but there are several inhibiting factors in the
empowerment process, the results of research from
Rosilawati, show that tourism village-based
empowerment in the community in Karangpatihan
Village there are obstacles, namely the community is less
able to promote tourist sites effectively, as well as
minimal innovation from the management of tourist
attractions (Rosilawati et al., 2021).
From the main problem, namely the condition of the
Tunagrahita community which still depends on the
surrounding community both economically and
socially, as well as the lack of participation in the
environment, therefore the need for tourism-based
empowerment for the Tunagrahita community is an
important thing to do, the support of diverse local
tourism potential supports this empowerment process.
In addition, monitoring and evaluation are required
on an ongoing basis, in accordance with Nostalgianti et
al. (2024), emphasising the importance of sustainability
evaluation and development strategies for village
tourism, which is also a focus in tourism management.
Finally, this study aims to describe the empowerment
programme of the Tunagrahita Community based on
Village Tourism while maintaining local wisdom, as
well as looking at the existing supporting and inhibiting
factors.
Method
Research This research uses a qualitative approach
with a descriptive case study design. The research aims
to describe the tourism village-based community
empowerment programme in Karangpatihan Village in
depth. Case studies were chosen because case studies
provide the ability to explore phenomena in complex
real-life contexts according to Sukmadinata (2005), each
case has unique properties or characteristics that
distinguish it from other cases. This research was
conducted in Karangpatihan Village, Balong Subdistrict,
Ponorogo Regency, East Java, which is known as
"Kampung Tunagrahita".
Table 1. Triangulation Matrix
Data Source
Key
Information
Compatibility
with other
sources
Inconsistencies
with Other
Sources
Interview
Informants'
opinions on
the success
of training in
batik making
and tourism
management
by persons
with
disabilities.
Supported by
direct
observation of
training
activities and
documentation
of training
results.
Some
informants felt
that the
training was
not integrated
with digital
product
marketing.
Observation
Direct
observation
of training
activities in
batik
making,
tourist ticket
management
, and
mentoring
activities for
the disabled
community.
Consistent with
interviews on
the stages of
programme
implementatio
n, including
difficulties with
trainees' initial
motivation.
There are
differences in
the level of
active
participation
of people with
disabilities
compared to
that reported
by certain
informants.
Documentation
Activity
reports,
training
photos, and
batik ciprat
craft
products.
Support claims
in interviews
and
observations
related to
participants'
skills
improvement
and training
sustainability.
There is no in-
depth
information on
product
marketing
constraints or
further
development.
The research subjects were selected using purposive
sampling technique, with the following criteria: Key
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informants: Village Government: Village Head and
Village Officials who are directly responsible for
planning and implementing empowerment
programmes in Karangpatihan Village during the 2019-
2025 period, Harapan House Manager: The main
facilitator of empowerment activities, who has direct
experience in training and assisting persons with
disabilities, then Persons with Disabilities: Residents of
Karangpatihan Village with tunagrahita conditions who
actively participate in the empowerment programme,
and finally Family or Relatives: Family members who
accompany persons with disabilities during programme
implementation. The total number of informants was 12
people, consisting of 4 Village Government Officials, 4
Harapan House Managers, and 4 people with disabilities
and their families.
Data Collection Techniques include: In-depth
interviews: Conducted in a semi-structured manner
with guiding questions to gather information on
programme implementation, impact on residents, and
challenges faced. Direct observation: This involved
observing empowerment activities such as skills
training, craft production, and management of tourism
objects in the village. Documentation: Collection of
relevant documents such as activity reports, statistics of
residents with disabilities, photographs of activities, and
other supporting data. Triangulation was conducted by
comparing data from the three sources to ensure validity
and consistency of findings.
The triangulation matrix to visualise the
comparison of data from various sources in the research
is shown in Table 1.
Explanation of Matrix Usage
Data Source Column: Lists the methods used for
data collection, such as interviews, observation, and
documentation. Key Information Column: Describes
specific findings from each data source. Conformance
with Other Sources Column: Identifies data or
information that supports or is consistent between the
various sources. Inconsistency with Other Sources
Column: List information that differs or conflicts
between data sources, if any.
Data analysis techniques were carried out using the
Huberman and interactive model (Miles et al., 2014)
which includes: Data Collection, Collecting all
information from interviews, observations, and
documents. Data Condensation, Reducing data to filter
information that is relevant and in accordance with the
focus of research.
Data Presentation, Organising data in the form of
thematic narratives to facilitate the identification of
patterns and relationships. Verification and Conclusion
Drawing, Interpreting data based on triangulation and
supporting literature to produce valid conclusions. Data
validity techniques are maintained through:
Triangulation of methods: Comparing the results of
interviews, observations, and documentation to get a
comprehensive view. Member checking: Requesting
confirmation from informants regarding key findings to
ensure correct interpretation of the data (Norman K.
Denkin cited by Rahardjo (2012). This research was
conducted from September to October 2024, which
included three main stages: Field data collection
(interview, observation, documentation).
Result and Discussion
Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan Village, Ponorogo
Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan is a forum that
focuses its activities on the Tunagrahita Community in
Karangpatihan Village in empowerment by providing
training to the Tunagrahita Community, so that they can
have skills, and independence. The Rumah Harapan
Self-Help Group (KSM) was established in 2013, built
from the mutual cooperation of the Karangpatihan
Village Community as an effort to improve the economic
conditions of the Community, especially the
Tunagrahita residents. In addition, according to
Sepprian (2018), Rumah Harapan is a place that really
equips Tunagrahita residents to be more independent.
From the beginning Rumah Harapan was a self-
help group, until in 2015 it turned into the Rumah
Harapan Social Welfare Institution (LKS). According to
Mr Eko Mulyadi as the Head of Karangpatihan Village
and also the Patron of Rumah Harapan, the history of
the formation of Rumah Harapan began with the large
number of Tunagrahita residents in Karangpatihan
Village. This began around the 1950s when there was an
epidemic in agriculture so that residents ate improvised
food without thinking about nutritional content. As
quoted from the following interview:
"Regarding the history of Tunagrahita residents, I
do not know directly, but based on the stories of
grandparents and grandmothers, it is because of
poor nutrition, around the 50-60s it was still the
beginning of independence, especially since this
area is remote, so nutritional intake was lacking
because pregnant residents only ate Tiwul
(processed from cassava) daily, eventually these
mothers lacked nutritional intake and resulted in
Tunagrahita conditions in their offspring".
Based on this phenomenon, the surrounding
community was moved to work together to provide
solutions and make changes based on these conditions,
this is in line with Septiarti et al. (2020), which states that
empowerment patterns can indeed take place effectively
when all parties are involved. This is also supported by
the results of the interview with Mr Eko Mulyadi.
"So in Karngpatihan Village there are 89
Tunagrahita residents, now these people are
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167
unemployed, they live dependent on others
(parents or relatives who are equally poor). For
those who are physically strong, some of them
work as farm labourers, but the other 80% are
unemployed. From that condition, we try to make
them independent through empowerment
activities through Rumah Harapan".
Furthermore, according to Mr Samuji as the
chairman of Rumah Harapan, explained that Rumah
Harapan used to be a community post with various
programmes, but since 2015 it has focused more on the
welfare of Tunagrahita residents through
empowerment. As in the following interview:
"Following up on the condition of the Tunagrahita
residents, they actually also have the same rights as
all of us, and they also want to mingle with us, so in
2015 we started empowering them. Because before
that, when we wanted to empower them, we had to
be together with other Ponorogo residents so that
we could not monitor them directly, so finally Pak
Lurah and I took the initiative to make Rumah
Harapan as a place of empowerment from training
to mentoring".
From this history, Rumah Harapan Karangpatihan
Village was established and several administrators were
formed to handle and train the skills of Tunagrahita
residents so that they are not unemployed and have
independent income. Rumah Harapan operates as a
centre for skills development and empowerment. The
mission of this institution is in line with the concept of
empowerment written by Yulianingsih et al. (2020),
which emphasises providing opportunities for
individuals to improve skills, knowledge, and control
over decisions that affect their lives. In addition, based
on the history of the formation of Rumah Harapan from
the year of its establishment until now, it is in line with
Calabuig et al. (2024), which states, Empowerment
Institutions need time to run optimally and sustainably,
because from each programme there will be evaluation
and planning in programme innovation.
The following is the structure of the Rumah
Harapan Management: Eko Mulyadi as patron, Samuji
as Chairman, Teguh Cahyono as secretary, Sumarsih as
treasurer, in the field of training there are, Setiya Budi,
and Imam Hajat, in the field of public relations there are,
Yamud, and Paimin, and in the field of marketing there
are Suci and Gito.
Empowerment Model
Rumah Harapan is an empowerment centre in order
to help improve the welfare of people with disabilities.
This institution acts as a facilitator in training,
mentoring, and managing local potential. These stages
are in accordance with Gafara et al. (2017), which states
Rumah Harapan as a place to empower citizens with
disabilities in Karangpatihan Village which includes
skills training, programme assistance and management
of local potential.
Graphs
The empowerment initiatives implemented by
Rumah Harapan are in line with the "Ladder of Citizen
Participation" model proposed by Arnstein (1969). This
model highlights the transition from passive
participation to active involvement, which is seen in the
transformation of the role of citizens in managing
tourism activities.
Figure 1. Stages of the Empowerment Programme
Furthermore, this concept also supports the theory
in Nguyen et al. (2024) which suggests that
empowerment improves the social functioning of
individuals with disabilities through active engagement
in economic and social activities. Through
empowerment, they gain new relevant skills and
confidence to contribute in society.
In addition, the collaborative approach involving
Rumah Harapan, local government, and tourism
awareness groups reflects the role of driving actors as
"Social Engineers" as described in Einali et al. (2021),
Rumah Harapan serves as a prime mover that aligns
local potential with market needs to support village
economic sustainability.
Based on the results of research that has been
conducted, both through observation, interviews and
documentation, the researcher will relate to tourism-
based community empowerment, the tourism-based
empowerment model is effective for increasing the
independence and welfare of the community, this is in
line with research by Hermawan et al. (2023), which
states that tourism-based community empowerment is a
solution to creating an economically independent
community and has a high level of participation in the
community.
Tunagrahita Residents Training
RUMAH HARAPAN
EMPOWERMENT
PROGRAMME
RESULT
PROGRAM
ACCOMPANIMENT
TRAINING
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As a programme that aims to foster the skills of
Tunagrahita residents so that they are able to participate
in the community and have the expertise to earn income
independently, this is supported by research of
Ramadani et al. (2020), which states that citizens with
disabilities need to be given provisions in supporting
their skills to be able to live independently and be able
to participate in social life. then Rumah Harapan
provides some training, in the process of training the
facilitators teach by means of simple practices and
adjusting the abilities of the Tunagrahita residents who
are empowered. Because the ongoing programme still
considers the capacity of the trainees, this is in line with
the statement of Febriyan et al. (2022), stating that
Tunagrahita residents in Karangpatihan Village need a
simple training model for them to be able to understand
the training concept easily. Based on the results of
interviews and also independent observations, there are
several training activities provided, including the
following.
Handicraft Making
In order to train tunagrahita residents to have the
skills to create opportunities to have independent
income, Rumah Harapan conceptualises empowerment
activities with handicraft training such as bracelets and
prayer beads.
Tasbih and bracelets are one form of handicrafts
from the empowerment programme carried out by
Tunagrahita Rumah Harapan residents, this craft is
made of small beads which are then designed using clear
threads. According to Mr Sumarji as the chairman of
Rumah Harapan, the price of prayer beads and bracelets
is RP 10,000 with details of Tunagrahita residents who
make given RP 5,000 per item sold. To make the craft
requires accuracy in calculating the number of beads
needed. To make prayer beads require 33 beads and for
bracelets require 12 to 18 beads. Here are the results of
an interview with Mr Sumarji:
"So this handicraft aims to stimulate the minds of
the Tunagrahita residents, by counting the
number of beads needed, although yes sometimes
a lot of people are not careful, it should be 15 only
installed 12, but yes, you have to be patient in
teaching, sometimes yes the youth group helps"
The empowerment process by making handicrafts
in the form of bracelets and prayer beads is still running
although sometimes a little order, tunagrahita residents
remain in training, patiently monitored by the
assistants/facilitators. From every process that takes
place the results are also finally good, although the
residents experience mental retardation conditions but
can be neat in making crafts. This is in accordance with
the research by Hidayat & Syahid (2019), stating that
citizens with disabilities when given continuous
assistance and given targets they will adjust and will
slowly achieve these targets.
Ciprat Batik Making
At this training stage, the main target of this
programme is the people with disabilities in
Karangpatihan Village, Balong District, Ponorogo
Regency. The implementation of this service programme
involves various parties, including Rumah Harapan,
Karangpatihan Village Government, entrepreneurship
speakers, and batik practitioners.
Collaboration in an empowerment programme is
very effective in achieving success, this is supported by
a statement from Husadani et al. (2021), stating that the
involvement of various parties is needed, in supporting
an empowerment programme to run optimally. This
programme is implemented to help residents with
disabilities in overcoming the problems of low economic
levels and the lack of participation of residents with
disabilities. This programme is implemented through
four stages, namely: programme socialisation, training
in making natural dyes, training in ciprat batik making
techniques, and training.
Graphs
Figure 2. Stages of Rumah Harapan's batik training
programme
The first stage of this programme was socialisation,
which was aimed at the Tunagrahita community. At this
stage, information was conveyed about the service plan
to be implemented, as well as coordination with partners
to ensure the smooth implementation of the programme.
In addition, a mapping of potential training participants
was also conducted. The second stage was training in
making natural dyes. This training was given directly to
residents with disabilities. The following is an example
of a natural dye drawing.
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January 2025, Volume 11, Issue 1, 163-175
169
Figure 3. Ciprat Batik Natural Dye
The third stage was the training in making ciprat
batik. At this stage, the tunagrahita batik makers were
trained to make ciprat batik with new designs using
modified brushes to create various motifs. For those
with better communication and understanding skills,
copper batik stamps and electric canting were also
provided for use. The use of these new tools aims to
produce ciprat batik products with higher value.
The last stage is technology-based marketing and
sales training. In this stage, Rumah Harapan helps in
terms of promotional tools. Regarding the continuation
of the batik ciprat training for the tunagrahita
community, it is held regularly every Wednesday at
Rumah Harapan. To ensure they are able to produce
quality products, the training is repeated. The duration
of the training varies depending on the ability of each
individual. Some are able to produce crafts within a
week, while others take a month or even several months
to be able to make products properly. Here is an example
of the Batik Ciprat products produced.
Figure 4. Batik Ciprat Product made by people with
Tunagrahita
Keset Making Skills
Doormat is one of the handicrafts used and needed
in household life, capitalising on raw materials from the
remnants of used clothing fabrics which are then used
by Tunagrahita residents by sewing. According to
information from Mr Samuji's interview, Rumah
Harapan trained Tunagrahita residents by making mats
with capital from donated funds, community self-help,
until finally they could produce mats. As the results of
the interview with Mr Samuji are as follows:
"For making mats, usually someone donates, if no
one donates, we usually buy used fabrics from
convection, but we also choose fabrics that can
still be used, usually one sack costs 2500 / kilo".
Then Mr Samuji also explained that the making of
mats is usually done at Rumah Harapan and sometimes
it can also be brought to their respective homes to be
worked on, following the results of the interview with
him:
"When there is a visit or group at Rumah
Harapan, they usually bring their fabrics to the
house to work on, but this is only for those who
can really do it, because they use tools and if they
are proficient, I allow the tools to be brought
home, so that the work is maximised".
When training and also a simple process, the
Tunagrahita residents are gathered and trained by the
management one by one, then given an understanding
of the process of selecting colours, installing tools, and
assembling to design in the final process. In addition,
mat work can be done in their respective homes with the
aim of making it easier to work on.
Tourism Potential
The next phase of action is Tourism Management:
Residents are involved in supporting tourism activities
such as simple tour guides, ticket management, and
selling local snacks. In this stage, the involvement of the
village government, Rumah Harapan managers, and
POKDARWIS is very important in providing intensive
assistance to residents with disabilities.
The tourism aspect is considered capable of being
one of the empowerment models that increase
participation and self-confidence for Tunagrahita
residents, this is in line with research by Shilfani et al.
(2022), stating that the empowerment of tunagrahita
residents based on tourism villages forces tunagrahita
residents to interact with the general public and
indirectly, this right is able to increase their self-
confidence. This is also supported by research from
Yusuf et al. (2022), which states, residents of tunagrahita
will feel involved in participation in the social
environment, when they are involved in aspects of
village promotion through tourist villages.
Figure 5. Beruk Mountain
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January 2025, Volume 11, Issue 1, 163-175
170
There are several main reasons why Karangpatihan
Village has the potential to be developed as a tourist
village. The first reason is according to research by Arum
& Haryanti (2021), stating that the potential of
Karangpatihan Village is very supportive to become a
Tourism Village, it is supported by the environment that
is located in the foothills and also a beautiful
environment far from the city. Secondly, based on the
situation analysis, this village has various potentials that
support the development as a tourist village. The
following are some of the tourism potentials owned by
Karangpatihan Village, Balong District, Ponorogo
Regency.
Beruk Mountain is a natural tourist destination that
offers a beautiful panoramic view of the mountains from
a height. The area is also equipped with various
facilities, such as an arena for outbound activities,
camping areas, and photo spots.
Figure 6. The Ndoro Den Panji Site
The Ndoro Den Panji Site is a historical site in
Karangpatihan Village that holds ancient statues from
the Hindu-Buddhist period. This site is thought to be a
relic of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom in the 10th
century AD, precisely during the time of Mpu Sendok in
East Java. Research on the Ndoro Den Panji Site was
conducted by the Trowulan Antiquities Preservation
Centre (BP3), which identified the historical significance
of the site.
Figure 7. Dong Mimang Waterfall
Dong Mimang Waterfall Dong Mimang Waterfall
Dong Mimang Waterfall has its own charm because of
its location between two mountains, namely Mount
Rimbung and Mount Rajek Wesi. This waterfall has a
height of about 15 metres, with a clean environment,
natural atmosphere and cool air, creating a stunning
panorama for visitors.
Accompaniment
In a programme, it must have good goals and
results, therefore a professional assistant is needed, this
is in line with Rifdan et al. (2023) which states that the
assistant/facilitator is a key factor in success in
community empowerment. In addition, the purpose of
the companion is as a guide or mentor so that the process
runs well and the program is maximised. This opinion is
supported by Astuti et al. (2024), which states that
facilitators/assistants are a key factor in the success of
an empowerment.
The mentoring process in empowering Tunagrahita
residents in Karangpatihan Village includes, Craft
Making Assistance, and Product Marketing Assistance.
Craft Making Assistance
The empowerment programme at Rumah Harapan
Karangpatihan Village, to ensure the smooth running of
the programme, uses a companion / facilitator, because
the empowered residents have mental retardation,
therefore it is necessary to use assistants to be more
proficient. This is supported by research from Widajati
& Mahmudah (2022), which states that special
facilitators are needed to assist individuals with
disabilities in carrying out a target or programme. As
also relevant to the results of the interview with Mr
Sumaji, as follows:
"For assistance such as making mats and prayer
beads, we bring in facilitators from outside the
city to conduct training for the village facilitators,
then the facilitators from our village teach the
Tunagrahita residents, while for making batik
ciprat there are already our residents as
assistants".
In the process, out-of-town assistants do it
voluntarily, as well as facilitators of the Rumah Harapan
management. They do not expect a salary or other forms
of what they provide in assisting the Tunagrahiita
residents. In addition to assistance in making Batik
Ciprat, Tasbih, and also Keset, there is further assistance
in marketing products from the empowerment
programme.
Marketing Assistance
In marketing the products of the empowerment
programme at Rumah Harapan, the distribution is to
improve the economy of residents, such as research from
Andriana (2017), which states that the expected result of
an empowerment is to be able to improve the welfare of
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January 2025, Volume 11, Issue 1, 163-175
171
empowered residents, and this is also based on Mr.
Samuji's statement that Rumah Harapan distributes the
business results of Tunagrahita residents, especially
handicrafts in various ways, including being marketed
in several tourist attractions in Karangpatihan Village, as
stated in the following interview:
"The problem of sales is actually not too
grandiose, usually marketed at tourist attractions
in the village, and also marketed when there is a
batik bazaar, handicrafts are marketed, besides
that sometimes also ordered by the government,
agencies, as souvenirs".
Based on the results of the interview, the market
share used in marketing products from the
empowerment results at Rumah Harapan varies,
ranging from Bazaar or Exhibition Events, Government
or local offices. In addition, Karngpatihan Village also
has a tourist icon so that this is a good place to market
handicrafts from Tunagrahita residents such as Mount
Beruk, Sendang, and others, although sometimes the
products marketed through tourist attractions are still
less attractive.
Assistance In Managing Tourism Potential
In the action stage, tourism management in
Karangpatihan Village is conducted through a
collaborative approach involving residents with
disabilities, the village government, and tourism
awareness groups (POKDARWIS).
The process starts with basic training for the
community to understand their role in tourism activities,
such as becoming simple guides, managing entrance
tickets, and providing basic services for visitors.
Residents are also trained to keep the tourist areas clean
and preserve the natural beauty in key destinations such
as Gunung Beruk, Patirtan Den Panji Site, and Don
Mimang Waterfall. Intensive mentoring is carried out by
Rumah Harapan administrators, who ensure that each
individual understands their duties gradually. In
addition, to support the sustainability of the
programme, economic activities such as the sale of local
products-including handicrafts and snacks-are
integrated with tourism management.
This process not only improves the skills of
residents with disabilities, but also strengthens their
sense of responsibility for the success of the tourist
village. This is in line with research from Fatayati & Gani
(2020), which states, The empowerment process will run
optimally when participants are involved as the main
actors in running the programme, empowerment is
directly involved as a subject With active involvement
and support from various parties, tourism management
becomes an inclusive forum that empowers the
community while increasing the attractiveness of
Karangpatihan Village as a tourist destination.
The last stage is Evaluation, which is carried out by
reviewing the predetermined success indicators and
surveys conducted by the Rumah Harapan management
regarding the empowerment programme. Evaluation is
important because it is a benchmark for developing the
next empowerment programme, this is in line with
research from Prarikeslan et al. (2023), which states that,
evaluation can be a strong foundation for making the
programme more optimal and innovative. The results of
this programme show that homeless people now have
independent economic income. In addition, after being
evaluated, the homeless who participated in the training
at Rumah Harapan earned daily, quarterly, and annual
income.
In addition to earning income, they also have the
ability to participate in tourism management and
produce batik works. The following are excerpts from
the interview: a. Indicators The tourism-based
community empowerment strategy carried out is the
exploration of potential. "After exploring the potential, it
turns out that there are many things that can be used as
tourist attractions. With the POKDARWIS (Tourism
Awareness Group) already formed, the village
government also provides training and assistance to
Tungrahita residents to get involved in tourism
management" (Interview, 14 September 2024).
In addition to providing assistance and training for
Tunagrahita residents in managing tourism, the village
government also collaborates with Rumah Harapan to
participate in providing assistance in batik, this is
certainly a strategy for tourism preservation, based on
the following interview: "One of the strategies carried
out by the Village Government is to form the Rumah
Harapan Social Welfare Institution (LKS). Because
Rumah Harapan is to advance and develop tourist
attractions in Karangpatihan Village, and also explore
the potentials that have been seen to be developed later.
In addition, it provides training and assistance for
residents in managing tourism and making home
products to be marketed" (Interview, 14 September
2024).
Results of Community Empowerment Through Rumah
Harapan
Empowerment of the Tunagrahita community is
formed by providing skills, with the aim that
Tunagrahita residents are able to move the economy
independently. Economic factors that increase in the
lives of Tunagrahita residents support them to stop the
negative impact of poor nutrition, this is in line with
research from Shilfani et al. (2022), the economic aspect
is a crucial factor in welfare and fulfilment of basic
needs.
The empowerment activities of the Tunagrahita
residents are centralised in Rumah Harapan, all
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January 2025, Volume 11, Issue 1, 163-175
172
activities are carried out in accordance with the skills
that have been built through the empowerment
programme. This is in line with research from Purnomo
et al. (2024) which reveals that the empowerment
process at Rumah Harapan has been going on
intensively since 2015 and has empowered many
Tunagrahita residents and poor residents in
Karangpatihan Village.
As for developments in economic factors that imply
training in making handicrafts such as batik ciprat,
tasbih, and mats as well as assistance in managing
tourism potential after empowerment has an impact on
several things.
In the results section of the Empowerment
programme for Tunagrahita Residents in Karangpatihan
Village at the House of Hope includes, Livelihoods and
Social Conditions. Having a job, in the field of
handicrafts, produces handicrafts from prayer beads,
mats and also batik ciprat. Likewise, related to the
assistance of Tunagrahita residents have jobs in
maintaining tourist attractions, from tickets, parking
lots, to selling; Income, Daily concept income: The
community gets daily income from the handicrafts they
do. Keset craft, from 1 Keset gets Rp 10,000. Tasbih crafts
Rp 5,000 per seed, other crafts are still in the training
process. Tourism Management Revenue: from the
results of tourist tickets and parking lots, the
Tunagrahita residents receive 30% of each incoming
tourist, and related amounts change according to time.
Quarterly Concept Income: Quarterly income is
usually from Batik Ciprat because the marketing process
is when there is an order, and the time range from the
initial making to completion is about 3 months, each
Tunagrhita resident receives 40% of the sales proceeds,
related to the nominal depending on the type of motif
ordered and the type of fabric used.
Meeting Needs, Needs that can be met are basic
needs, such as rice, side dishes, cooking spices and
others. As for secondary needs, some can and some still
cannot be fulfilled independently, so sometimes they get
help from the government or relatives, such as house
renovation assistance.
Social Condition of the Community
Fulfilled Nutrition, Tunagrahita conditions caused
by nutritional deficiencies can be slowly overcome by
fulfilling basic needs from daily income through
empowerment. Starting from the food consumed makes
nutritional deficiencies overcome. This can be seen from
the condition of children born to Tunagrahita residents
who are healthy and able to attend school normally;
Mobility Ability Ability in mobility, such as to the
market, to the shop, and to places that are considered as
community centres. Tunagrahita residents are confident
in mobilising to these places. Social Participation,
Participating in Gotong-Royong activities or
participation in activities, such as community service,
Kenduri, and similar events, Tunagrahita residents are
active in social participation in the community.
With empowerment, the welfare of Tunagrahita
residents is no longer dependent on others. The
Tunagrahiita residents have economic independence
through training in making Batik, Crafts to tourism
management. Although not all needs are met and there
is still assistance from the Government, this
empowerment programme helps Tunagrahita residents
in meeting basic needs. Despite having limitations in
terms of reasoning ability. The results of empowerment
are in line with the theory from Chin et al. (2024) which
explains that empowerment aims to make people
independent, not have dependence on others, and be
able to have expertise in supporting their lives better.
Conclusion
This research concludes that tourism village-based
empowerment in Karangpatihan Village has had a
significant impact on the economic independence and
increased confidence of the community of people with
intellectual disabilities. Through training programmes
such as making batik ciprat, doormats, and prayer
beads, participants gained practical skills that directly
increased their income. For example, the handicrafts
produced were able to be sold with an average daily
income of IDR 10,000 per item, while the tourism ticket
management activities contributed an additional 30% of
the village's total tourism income. In addition, the
programme succeeded in creating new business
opportunities involving people with disabilities as well
as increasing income from the tourism sector through
the management of destinations such as Gunung Beruk
and Rumah Harapan that attract tourists. Another
positive impact was seen in the participants' increased
confidence, which manifested in their ability to interact
directly with tourists and promote products
independently. The participants also demonstrated
more active participation in their families and
communities, such as engaging in gotong-royong
activities and community events. In addition, the
programme succeeded in raising awareness among the
general public about the potential and rights of people
with disabilities, achieved through positive interactions
between tourists and participants, and supported by
media coverage that supports social inclusion. This
success demonstrates that the tourism village-based
empowerment model is an inclusive approach that can
be adapted in other communities to improve social and
economic well-being. The implications of this research
include the need for more inclusive tourism
infrastructure development, optimisation of local
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA)
January 2025, Volume 11, Issue 1, 163-175
173
product marketing strategies, and continuous
monitoring and evaluation to ensure the long-term
impact of this empowerment programme. In addition,
the success of this programme emphasises the
importance of collaboration between the government,
private sector, and community to support the
sustainability of the empowerment programme. With an
integrative approach, the programme not only improves
the quality of life of people with disabilities but also
strengthens the village economy and social solidarity of
the community as a whole.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Lembaga Pengelola Dana
Pendidikan (LPDP) of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic
of Indonesia for providing scholarships and supporting this
research.
Author Contributions
This work was completed with the collaboration of all authors.
K.I.C. and Y.H. conceptualisation, observation, conducting
research, methodology, data collection, and analysis; T. and
E.S. draft review and editing, supervision, validation; R.
translation and grammar checking. All authors have read and
approved the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was independently funded by researchers.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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