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New additions and further records of non-native Coleoptera in Romania
Abstract
This report details the discovery of five new non-native Coleoptera species for the Romanian fauna: Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991 (Ciidae), Latheticus oryzae C.O. Waterhouse, 1880, Palorus subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864), Tribolium destructor Uyttenboogaart, 1933 (Tenebrionidae), and Litargus balteatus LeConte, 1856 (Mycetophagidae). Furthermore, additional occurrences for 19 species whose data were deficient were provided. The identification of unrecorded alien species in a natural setting indicates that they are well established and warrant further monitoring to determine their current distribution at the national level and potential impact on the environment and human activities. This indicates the current extent of our understanding of the diversity of non-native coleopterans in Romania and emphasizes the necessity of further investigation into this group, with a particular focus on those species with the potential to become invasive.
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In the last decades, climate change and globalisation have been exacerbating the introduction of non-native beetles worldwide. Due toits peculiar territory, climate and geographical position in the middle of the Mediterranean Basin, Italy is one of the European countries with the highest number of intercepted, adventive and established non- native beetles, some of which are invasive. In this perspective, producing new faunistic records and continuously updating reliable and easily accessible distributional data is a fundamental step in investigating and potentially preventing further species introduction.
The aim of this contribution is to report and discuss new faunistic records of non-native Coleoptera in Italy. For some species, new records enlarge the previously-known distribution (e.g. the ambrosia beetles Anisandrus maiche (Kurentzov, 1941) and Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford, 1894) or the click beetle Monocrepidius posticus (Eschscholtz, 1829)), while for others (e.g. the scarab beetle Archophileurus spinosus Dechambre, 2006), data confirm their establishment and highlight a possible expansion phase. The false powderpost beetles Ptilineurus marmoratus (Reitter, 1877) and the longhorn beetle Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852) are two new additions to the Italian fauna, while the establishment of the monotomid beetle Monotoma americana Aubé 1837 is confirmed.
Cryptolestes ferrugineus, the rusty grain beetle, is a cosmopolitan pest that has adapted to cool and warm climates due to its unique biology, ecology, and behavior. The rusty grain beetle is a pest of high economic importance; hence, understanding their biology, ecology, and behavior could be useful in designing effective management strategies. An extensive literature survey was conducted using the databases Web of Science and Scopus. Information on country-wise publications from 1949 to 2023 on C. ferrugineus was provided, and a table illustrating the distribution of C. ferrugineus was also presented to demonstrate the global significance of C. ferrugineus. We overviewed their life stages, morphology, and factors influencing their biology, ecology, and behavior, such as refuge-seeking behavior, flight activity, mating behavior, interspecific interaction with other species, movement, and distribution. Mathematical models focusing on C. ferrugineus population dynamics and movement were also presented. In order to advance our knowledge on C. ferrugineus, the following possible avenues for future research were outlined: application of molecular markers and population genetic approaches to understand their evolutionary history; mechanisms responsible for adaptation and resistance to insecticide; interspecific interaction in storage facilities and wider landscapes; and identification of microbial roles in the ecology, behavior, and control of C. ferrugineus.
Background
Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and amongst others, also human Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and human Non-native species can have significant negative impacts on the environment, economies, and human well-being, among other factors. Globalisation and economic incentives have substantially facilitated the growth in the numbers of newly recorded non-native species in the European Union. The European Union’s diversity in terms of political and socio-economic differences across member states may have contributed to the introduction of non-native species.
Results
Data reported in the Alien Species First Record Database, however, suggests a decreasing trend in the number of non-native species recorded over the past three decades. InvaCost, a database of non-native species with economic impacts, similarly shows increasing numbers of reported non-native species with costs until the 2010s, which were, however, followed by a plateauing and ultimately decline. Although the recent trends in non-native species reports may be affected by a lag time in reporting and data allocation as well as possibly a disparity in research efforts, their impacts persist, leading to a growing ecological but also economic burden. We further identified substantial spatial differences as western European member states generally reported higher numbers of non-native species and non-native species with monetary impacts.
Conclusions
Without improved actions, biological invasions and their associated impacts will continue to rise, degrading natural capital and hampering sustainable development and sustainability targets. Therefore, improved coordinated efforts across the European Union are necessary to improve reporting of non-native species and a centralized collation of data through accessible databases should be considered.
Buprestidae (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea) is one of the three wood-borer beetle groups of major phytosani-tary interest worldwide, together with Cerambycidae and Scolytinae (Curculionidae). As in other beetle families, some buprestid species have been unintentionally or intentionally introduced around the world, in some cases causing significant environmental and economic damage in the invaded territories. Despite the phytosanitary relevance of the Buprestidae, information regarding the identity of exotic buprestids, their biogeographic areas of origin, introduction pathways, and larval host plants, have remained scattered in the literature. Our objective was to summarize much of the existing knowledge on these topics in the present paper. Our analysis resulted in a list of 115 exotic buprestids worldwide, representing introductions both within and between biogeographic realms and corresponding to less than 1% of the known buprestid species worldwide. Invasiveness does not seem to be linked to their larval host plant preferences, as introduced species utilize 158 plant genera in 70 plant families and are equally represented in all feeding guilds (monophagous, oligophagous, and polyphagous). As trade of plants or plant parts can serve as a pathway for future introductions, the information reported in this review can help in pest risk assessment.
Storage Coleoptera species, many of which spread through intensive international trade in commodities, are important pests that threaten food safety and security. However, a global analysis of the distribution of storage pest species and an assessment of the risk of their establishment in new geographical areas has not been carried out. Thus, the aim of this work was to use a self-organizing map (SOM) to predict the risk of new occurrence and distribution of storage beetles from current occurrence data. First, we summarized the species composition of storage beetles in various countries and continents. Then, a global presence/absence dataset, including 263 stored beetles from 33 families in 171 countries, was analyzed with SOM to categorize countries based on their similarities in species assemblages. We found similar pest assemblages in geographically distant countries such as the US and China, India and South Africa, where commodity trade is high. We also identified similar pest assemblages in geographically close countries indicating a greater threat to each other (e.g., some regions of Europe or Southeast Asia were clustered together). Analysis showed that Asia, Africa, and Oceania had the highest number of unique assemblages of species. Using impact levels and the SOM approach, we ranked the risk of establishment for stored beetles to identify species that may pose new biosecurity risks for each country. The risk of new establishments was separately analyzed for Trogoderma granarium, since it is a key quarantine and invasive storage species. We suggest that further research could be conducted on the common characteristics of beetle species that co-occur in the stored commodity assemblages we have identified.
Abstract A catalogue of 450 species and subspecies belonging to 121 genera of Tenebrionidae known to occur in Taiwan is given. The following 9 synonymies are proposed: Falsoaugolesthus Masumoto, 1993, syn. nov. = Tetragonomenes Chevrolat, 1878, Derispia zoltani Masumoto, 1981, syn. nov. = Derispia sauteri Kaszab, 1946, Derispia tengchiensis Masumoto, Akita et Lee, 2013, syn. nov. = Derispia sauteri Kaszab, 1946, Derispia lalashana Masumoto, Akita et Lee, 2013, syn.
nov. = Derispia sauteri Kaszab, 1946, Derispia wangi Masumoto, Akita et Lee, 2013, syn. nov. = Derispia sauteri Kaszab,
1946, Derispia tatachiaensis Masumoto, Akita et Lee, 2013, syn. nov. = Derispia sauteri Kaszab, 1946, Derispia tsaoi Masumoto, Akita et Lee, 2013, syn. nov. = Derispia sauteri Kaszab, 1946, Derispia liyuanensis Masumoto, Akita et Lee,
2014, syn. nov. = Derispia sauteri Kaszab, 1946, and Euhemicera shihchiehi Masumoto, Akita et Lee, 2014, syn. nov. = Euhemicera sakishimensis (Chûjô, M.T., 1978).
Samples of the tree fungus Antrodia xantha were collected on Pinus strobus in the therapy garden of the UPK campus (University Psychiatric Clinics) in Basel in summer 2021. The samples contained an alien Ciidae species new to Switzerland: Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991, a species otherwise mainly known as a storage pest of commercially dried fungi. The adults and larvae of the Basel population are described and illustrated. When comparing the size of the adults of the two sample series collected two weeks apart, statistically significant differences were found. It appears that the above-average temperatures in June 2021 favoured the size of the second group. A number of (4–)5 larval stages are postulated for larval development. As an endoparasitoid of the eggs of C. chinensis , an unknown Mymaridae of the genus Cleruchus was found. Noteworthy was an unusually heavy infestation of Ciidae by phoretic mites (Histiostomatidae). During follow-up surveys in early 2022, additional individuals of C. chinensis were also found on the fruitbodies of other fungi growing in the immediate vicinity of the site where the population of the species was initially observed on A. xantha . A list of all Ciidae detected on the UPK campus is provided, and the spectrum of host-fungi of C. chinensis is discussed.
The world catalogue of the family Mycetophagidae is presented, containing the lists of subfamilies, tribes, genera and subgenera, systematic catalogue of all known taxons including ten new nomenclatorial acts, new distributional records, infrasubspecific names and bibliography.
From 1941 to 1946, E. Morales Agacino (Estacin Fitopatolgica del INIA, Almera), accompanied by J. Mateu Sanpere (naturalist, seconded to the Spanish Sahara), J. Giner Mar (Instituto Espaol de Entomologa, Madrid) and F. Espaol Coll (Museo de Zoologa, Barcelona), explored the ex-Spanish Sahara (from Cap Juby to Cap Blanc) according to a standardised protocol. Collected specimens and types of newly described taxa were deposited in the museums of Madrid and Barcelona and the results of the surveys published in the journal EOS. In total, 356 species and subspecies of Polyneoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera have been collected. This large-scale entomological survey is presently little considered, mainly because the published locality names are no more in use and difficult to georeference. We have reconstructed the routes of the eight missions carried out by Morales Agacino, Giner Mar and Mateu Sanpere using old maps of the Spanish Sahara (1949) and recent maps of southern Morocco. 134 collection sites have been identified, listed with old and actual toponyms, geographical coordinates and elements of topographical descriptions. Lists of the species collected during these expeditions for the Insecta Orthoptera, Blattodea, Mantodea, Dermaptera, Phasmatodea, Coleoptera (Carabidae Latreille, 1802 and Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802), and Hymenoptera (Sphecidae Latreille, 1802, Crabronidae Latreille, 1802, Pompilidae Latreille, 1805, Bradynobaenidae Saussure, 1892 and Mutillidae Latreille, 1802) are given. The scientific value of these data for taxonomy and conservation is illustrated for the Orthoptera Acridomorpha: within the Dericorythidae Jacobson & Bianchi, 1905, the type locality of Bolivaremia domenechi Morales Agacino, 1949 is identified and described; and the synonymy of Pamphagulus mateui Morales Agacino, 1949 and Pamphagulus vicinus Ramme, 1931 is reanalysed using distributional data. Examples of acridomorph Saharan and Mediterranean indicator species are given, using their separate distributions in the local west-east climate continuum. The coherence of the surveys carried out by Morales Agacino and his collaborators provide a most valuable reference inventory for the characterization of the Sahara fauna and its transformations since 1950; its use will be facilitated by the proposed up-date of geographical data.
The present pilot study tested and validated the use of the 'Invasive Alien Species in Eu-rope' smartphone app (IASapp) in the Lower Danube Region. The study was conducted in three stages: (1) Testing the effectiveness of the app in Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia by organizing information and field testing campaigns; (2) Improving and extending the functionality of the app and developing a list of the invasive alien species (IAS) of concern to the Danube River Basin (DRB); and (3) Testing the updated app during the Joint Danube Survey 4 campaign. Overall, 13 campaigns were carried out, during which seven aquatic IAS of EU concern and nine IAS relevant to the DRB were recorded. Currently, the developed new functionality of IASapp allows the recording of 64 IAS of DRB concern. The updated IASapp has an important role in increasing public awareness on IAS issues, as well as in enlarging the participation and output of citizen science in the IAS early detection, monitoring and reporting in the DRB. Therefore, the constant communication with existing stakeholder groups and establishment of new citizen science groups is crucial for increasing the effectiveness of using the IASapp in the Danube Region and tackling the IAS issues. Citation: Trichkova, T.; Paunović, M.; Cogălniceanu, D.; Schade, S.; Todorov, M.; Tomov, R.; Stănescu, F.; Botev, I.; López-Cañizares, C.; Gervasini, E.; et al. Pilot Application of 'Invasive Alien Species in Europe' Smartphone App in the Danube Region. Water 2021, 13, 2952.
Cynaeus angustus , a North American tenebrionid, is recorded for the first time in Romania. Its distribution in Europe and some data regarding its ecology are presented and discussed.
Detecting and monitoring exotic and invasive Coleoptera is a complex activity to imple- ment, and citizen science projects can provide significant contributions to such plans. Bottle traps are successfully used in wildlife surveys and can also be adapted for monitoring alien species; however, a sustainable, large scale trapping plan must take into account the collateral catches of native species and thus minimize its impact on local fauna. In the present paper, we tested the use of bottles baited with standard food products that can be purchased in every supermarket and immediately used (apple cider vinegar, red wine, and 80% ethyl alcohol) in capturing exotic and invasive beetles in the area surrounding Malpensa Airport (Italy). In particular, we reduced the exposition type of the traps in each sampling round to three days in order to minimize native species collecting. We found a significant effect of the environmental covariates (trap placement, temperature, humidity, and forest type) in affecting the efficiency in catching target beetles. Nearly all invasive Nitidulidae and Scarabaeidae known to be present in the area were captured in the traps, with apple cider vinegar usually being the most effective attractant, especially for the invasive Popillia japonica.
Hastisetae are modified setae typical of Dermestidae Megatominae and are a primary defensive tool of both larvae and pupae against invertebrates and possibly vertebrates. Given their unique morphological features, hastisetae have recently been suggested as an additional character useful for larvae identification and possible source of information to clarify the systematics of Megatominae. Hastisetae are also recognized as important contaminants of stored products, work and living environment; in particular, the exposure to hastisetae seems to cause allergic reactions and the insurgence of skin rashes, asthma, conjunctivitis, and digestive system inflammation in humans. Starting from these basic concepts, the present paper provides a detailed description of the hastisetae of some Megatominae. Fine morphology of external and internal microstructures of the hastise- tae is shown and compared at the genus level. The insertion on integument, the pedicel, the shaft, and the apical head are illustrated in detail, and the first observations of active defensive behavior based on hastisetae are recorded and presented. Possible implications to the systematics of skin beetles are proposed based on the results of the study.
The present study attempts to identify the biological characteristics of invasive (high-impact in the secondary area) bark beetles and borers species, contributing to their success in an invaded area. We selected 42 species based on the CABI website data on invasive species and information on the most studied regional faunas. Four groups of species with different invasion strategies were identified based on the cluster and factor analysis. The first one (inbred strategy) is characterized by flightless males, xylomycetophagy, low fecundity (~50 eggs), inbreeding, polyvoltinism, and polyphagy. Species with an aggressive strategy are poly- or monovoltine, feeds on a limited number of hosts, larval feeding on the inner bark, are often associated with phytopathogens, and produce aggregation pheromones. Representatives of the polyphagous strategy have a wide range of hosts, high fecundity (~150 eggs), larval feeding on wood, and their life cycle is at least a year long. For the intermediate strategy, the typical life cycle is from a year or less, medium fecundity, feed on inner bark tissues, mono- or oligophagy. Comparison with low-impact alien species showed that the most significant traits from the viewpoint of the potential danger of native plant species are high fecundity, polyvoltinism, presence of symbiotic plant pathogens, long-range or aggregation pheromones.
In the present work, new faunal reports for northeastern Italy and Slovenia are provided: Stomis philospelaeus Monzini,
2018 (Carabidae) is recorded in a new locality; Anthaxia senicula (Schrank, 1789) (Buprestidae) and Hoshihananomia
gacognei (Mulsant, 1852) (Mordellidae) are recorded in the Veneto region for the first time. Acallocrates colonnellii Bahr,
2003 (Curculionidae) is newly recorded from Italy while Sphaerosoma pilosum (Panzer, 1793) (Alexiidae) and Mordellistena
michalki Ermisch, 1956 (Mordellidae) are new additions to the Slovenian fauna. Furthermore, new or additional
data on the exotic Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991 (Ciidae), Chydarteres striatus (Fabricius, 1787), Cordylomera spinicornis
(Fabricius, 1775), Neoplocaederus viridescens (Atkinson, 1953) (Cerambycidae) and Telephanus atricapillus Erichson,
1846 (Silvanidae) are given.
Due to globalization and climate warming, the introduction and establishment of alien species has increased in recent years. The Mediterranean Sea Region (MSR) has not been explored as a common donor of alien species to the Baltic Sea Region (BSR); however, in the context of global warming, the BSR could be more suitable for alien species from the MSR. We evaluated the alien species of Mediterranean origin present in the BSR, with emphasis on aggressive, aquatic and terrestrial species spread in at least two countries of the BSR. Introduction pathways and the year of first record in the BSR were assessed for Mediterranean species. Using an analytical hierarchy process, we also performed a risk assessment for aggressive Mediterranean species in the BSR. In total, 6145 alien species were recorded in the BSR, but only 3033 species were verified. For 292 of these species, there is evidence of impact in the BSR, 10 of these (3.4%) are native to the MSR (six animals (Alphitophagus bifasciatus, Chrysolina americana, Tenebrio molitor, Limax maximus, Oxychilus draparnaudi, and Limacus flavus) and four plants (Linaria repens, Veronica filiformis, Prunus cerasifera, and Viola odorata)). Based on the risk assessment, eight of them represent moderate risk (L. flavus, L. maximus, O. draparnaudi, T. molitor, L. repens, V. filiformis, V. odorata, and P. cerasifera). In total, 715 freshwater and terrestrial species are spread in at least two countries of the BSR: 131 of them (18.3%) are of Mediterranean origin, all of them are terrestrial species (123 plants and eight animals). In general, Mediterranean plants were recorded earlier than animals in the BSR, as most of the plants were recorded in the years 1651–1750 and 1801–1900. Seven of the eight Mediterranean animals were introduced as contaminants of food, plants, or nursery material. Most of the Mediterranean plants in the BSR escaped from agriculture or horticulture (46.1%) or were transported as contaminants on animals or as seed contaminants (33.6%). This study is a first evaluation of the flux of species from the MSR to the BSR and will help the stakeholders to make decisions to prevent and control alien species in the BSR.
Storage is crucial to the sequence of food management. It is nonetheless at times difficult to recognize in the archaeological record due to problems of preservation of ancient food remains. Archaeoentomology in this sense can be of great value as it sheds light on past storage techniques. This study presents the findings of the archaeoentomological analyses carried out at the ancient granary of La Fortaleza (Gran Canaria, Spain, ca. 600-1450 AD), a site where the favorable conditions of preservation allow recording the food plants and insect pests associated with storage. Moreover, the recovery of several taxa of primary and secondary pests connected to different stages of store infestation (i.e. Sitophilus granarius (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Tenebrioides mauritanicus (L.), Mezium americanum (Laporte de Castelnau), Stegobium paniceum (L.) and Cryptolestes sp.) offers data as to the storage conditions and time intervals of the Prehispanic Canarian indigenous population. Finally, new radiocarbon-datings of the pests yield data casting light on the origin and spread of several cosmopolitan taxa such as M. americanum and on past relations between Africa, Europe and the New World.
A literature survey identified 403 primary research publications that investigated the ecological effects of invasive alien insects and/or the mechanisms underlying these effects. The majority of these studies were published in the last 8 years and nearly two-thirds were carried out in North America.These publications concerned 72 invasive insect species, of which two ant species, Solenopsis invicta and Linepithema humile, accounted for 18% and 14% of the studies, respectively.Most publications investigated effects on native biodiversity at population or community level. Genetic effects and, to a lesser extent, effects on ecosystem services and processes were rarely explored. We review the effects caused by different insect invaders according to: their ecosystem roles, i.e. herbivores, predators, parasites,parasitoids and pollinators; the level of biological organisation at which they occur; and the direct and indirect mechanisms underlying these effects. The best documented effects occur in invasive ants,Eurasian forest herbivores invasive in North America,and honeybees. Impacts may occur through simple trophic interactions such as herbivory, predation or parasitism. Alien species may also affect native species and communities through more complex mechanisms such as competition for resources,disease transmission, apparent competition, or pollination disruption, among others. Finally, some invasive insects, particularly forest herbivores and ants, are known to affect ecosystem processes through cascading effects. We identify biases and gaps in our knowledge of ecological effects of invasive insects and suggest further opportunities for research.
Hastisetae are a specific group of detachable setae characterizing the larvae of Megatom-inae (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), commonly known as carpet and khapra beetles. These setae are located on both thoracic and abdominal tergites and they are the primary defense of the larva against invertebrate predators. According to previous studies, the main purpose of hastisetae is to work as a mechanical obstacle, but they are also capable to block and kill a predator. Hastisetae, single or aggregate, function as an extremely efficient mechanical trap, based on an entangling mechanism of cuticular structures (spines and hairs) and body appendages (antennae, legs and mouthparts). It is believed that this defensive system evolved primarily to contrast predation by invertebrates, however it has been observed that hastisetae may affect vertebrates as well. Although information on the impacts of vertebrate predators of the beetles is lacking, hastisetae have been shown to be a possible threat for human health as an important contaminant of stored products (food and fabric), work and living environment. Review of past and recent literature on dermestid larvae has revealed that despite these structures indicated as one of the distinctive characters in species identification, very little is known about their ultrastructure, evolution and mechanism of action. In the present work, we will provide the state of knowledge on hastisetae in Dermestidae and we will present and discuss future research perspectives intended to bridge the existing knowledge gaps.
The strawberry sap beetle, Stelidota geminata originates from the North American continent and was introduced in Europe, the Oriental Region and in the Near East. It is recorded in Romania for the first time.
Rhyzopertha dominica is a primary pest which causes damages to stored cereals such as corn, grain, rice, wheat, sorghum, tubers, and starch-containing substrates and packaging made from wood. They not only cause losses in terms of quantity but also affect quality during storage period through their feeding activities. The aimed of this research to investigate the level of susceptibility and damage to cereals during the storage period by pest R. dominica. The cereals used in the study were sorghum, wheat, corn, rice grain, white rice, black glutinous rice, and white glutinous rice. The method used in this research was no-choice bioassay with variables observed: number of F1 progeny, median development time and damage cereals. The results revealed that that different kind of cereals had a different level of susceptibility to infestation by R. dominica from moderate to susceptible. Sorghum, corn, rice, white rice, and white glutinous rice were classified as moderate, while wheat was classified as susceptible and black glutinous rice was moderate–susceptible. The highest losses were found in wheat, black glutinous rice, corn, and rice grain while the lowest were found in sorghum, white rice and white glutinous rice. The study showed that cereals that were susceptible may not stored for a long time to minimize the loss of grain weight.ABSTRAK Rhyzopertha dominica tergolong hama primer yang merusak serealia seperti jagung, gabah, beras, gandum, sorgum, umbi, dan substrat mengandung pati serta kemasan yang terbuat dari kayu. Kerusakan serealia selama penyimpanan meliputi kerusakan kuantitas dan kualitas yang disebabkan oleh hama R. dominica. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerentanan dan kerusakan serealia selama penyimpanan oleh hama R. dominica. Jenis serealia yang digunakan dalam penelitian terdiri dari sorgum, gandum, jagung, gabah, beras putih, beras ketan hitam, dan beras ketan putih. Metode uji tanpa pilihan dengan variabel yang diamati yaitu jumlah F1, median waktu perkembangan, dan kerusakan serealia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis serealia memiliki tingkat kerentanan dari moderat sampai rentan terhadap infestasi hama R. dominica. Serealia dari sorgum, jagung, padi, beras putih, dan beras ketan putih tergolong dalam kategori moderat, sedangkan gandum tergolong dalam kategori rentan, serta beras ketan hitam tergolong moderat–rentan terhadap serangan R. dominica. Tingkat kerusakan serealia seperti persentase serealia berlubang dan persentase bubuk serealia paling tinggi terjadi pada gandum, beras ketan hitam, jagung dan padi sedangkan kerusakan yang terendah yaitu pada sorgum, beras putih, dan beras ketan putih. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serealia yang rentan tidak boleh disimpan dalam waktu yang lama untuk meminimalkan kehilangan berat.
We report on biological control of an active infestation by biscuit beetles (Stegobium paniceum) of museum objects (Old Masters paintings) in the storage facilities of the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna. Because chemical and non-chemical treatment methods would have been very problematic, the release of parasitic wasps (Lariophagus distinguendus) was discussed and accepted by the director of the collection. We released 3000 wasps every month from August 2013 until September 2014 in the two infested storage rooms and monitored the activity of biscuit beetles on sticky blunder traps and light traps, and also by visual inspection. In the insect monitoring of 2014 until 2018 no more biscuit beetles were found in the two storage depositories, showing that the treatment was 100% successful. To our knowledge, this is the first proof of a fully successful biological control of a museum pest using parasitoids only, and also of stored product/food pest, outside a laboratory experimental setup. This biological pest control method allowed avoiding negative side effects such as contamination from treatments with biocides, or costly logistics in case of chemical-free methods.
A list of 58 species of order Coleoptera registered around Chelopech Village, Sofia District, Western Bulgaria, is presented. All the species are reported for the first time from this region. Stelidota geminata (Say, 1825), representing a recent American introduction in the Palaearctic fauna, is new country record.
Cis limanicus sp. nov. and Cis paraliacus sp. nov. are described based on specimens collected in Sub-Saharan Africa. These new species are included in the Cis multidentatus species-group, which comprises species with anterocephalic edge forming four sharp teeth in males; anterior edge of pronotum in males projected into two small to moderately long plates, which are very close to each other; outer apical angle of protibia projected in an acute tooth, which is larger in males than in females; both sexes with single or dual dorsal vestiture; and with prosternum from almost flat to tumid at midline, but never strongly carinate. Cis limanicus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species in the group by the absence of abdominal sex patch in males and penis longer than tegmen. While Cis paraliacus sp. nov. can be distinguished by penis with apical half consisting of a pleated membrane. Cis aldabranus Scott is recorded for the first time from Madagascar, and Cis chinensis Lawrence is recorded for the first time from South Africa and Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands). Additionally, the first description of male abdominal terminalia of Cis aldabranus Scott is provided, as far as an identification key to most species of the Cis multidentatus species-group and a discussion on the importance of Cis chinensis as a pest of commercial dried fungi and as an invasive species. Ë
In this survey, there are 14 species belonging to 14 genera, nine families and two orders, collected on Macrofungi from Tikrit city, Salahadin Governorate, North Central of Iraq. The members of Coleoptera were more abundant than flies on Macrofungi. The family of Ciidae and Leiodidae (Order, Coleoptera), Mycetophilidae (Order, Diptera), and 6 species are recorded for the first time for insect fauna of Iraq. © 2018 University of Baghdad - Iraq Natural History Reseach Center and Museum. All rights reserved.
Introduction to pest identification
Scope
This booklet is designed to allow practical identification of pest insects and some insects which are environmental indicators in Museums and other heritage buildings in the British Isles, as part of IPM pest monitoring, some commonly encountered non-insect arthropods (springtails, spiders, woodlice, etc.) are also included.
Definitions
Pest – a kind of insect which has the potential to damage museum collections by eating or soiling objects or labels, or to provide a nuisance or health hazard to museum staff and visitors.
Environmental indicator – a kind of insect which lives in environmental conditions (e.g.
temperature/humidity) that are unsuitable for collections, and whose presence can be used to infer unsuitable conditions for collections.
There is some overlap between what is a pest and an environmental indicator since some pests, e.g. silverfish, can be used to infer that environmental conditions are unsuitable.
A practical approach to identification
While there are about 20,000 species of insect in Britain, only about 40 species are Museum pests in the UK. This means that traditional complicated identification keys are not necessary and pest species can be recognised by simple aspects of their appearance, such as size, shape, colour, form of the antenna, etc., and it is possible to learn the common types fairly quickly. This booklet allows for the recognition of major groups: beetles, moths, booklice, silverfish and others, and then matching with known pest species. Mostly the features necessary for identification can be seen on specimens stuck on sticky traps. With experience a good hand lens and good lighting should be sufficient to identify most pests; a binocular microscope is helpful but not essential. However not all specimens will be identifiable. Where known, the habitat, feeding habits and type of damage can also give a clue to the type of pest since different pests prefer to eat different things and feed in different ways. It is advisable to form a small reference collection containing the representative specimens of the pest species occurring locally to compare unknown insects against. Ideally these will be verified by an expert.
Keeping up to date
Pests can change status over time, and new pests will colonise the British Isles, so species not included in this booklet will be found in future. Do refresh your knowledge periodically and keep in touch with fellow IPM reps. For example termites and carpenter ants are not yet a problem in UK Museums but may well become so as climate change progresses.
Further study
References are included at the end for further study if desired but are not essential.
Nine species of Coleoptera belonging to five families (Ciidae, Melandryidae, Nitidulidae, Ptinidae, Staphylinidae) are recorded from Hungary for the first time. Occurrences of Dacne pontica (Bedel, 1868) (Erotylidae) and Mycterus curculioides (Fabricius, 1781) (Mycteridae) in Hungary are confirmed. With 16 figures.
This catalogue includes all valid family-group (8 subfamilies, 52 tribes, 14 subtribes), genus-group (349 genera, 86 subgenera), and species-group names (2825 species, 215 subspecies) of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) known to occur in North America1 and their available synonyms. Data on extant, subfossil and fossil taxa are given. For each name the author and year and page number of the description are provided, with additional information (e.g., type species for genus-group names, author of synonymies for invalid taxa) depending on the taxon rank. Several new nomenclatural acts are included. One new genus, Lepidocnemeplatia Bousquet and Bouchard, is described. Spelaebiosis Bousquet and Bouchard [for Ardoinia Özdikmen, 2004], Blapstinus marcuzzii Aalbu [for Blapstinus kulzeri Marcuzzi, 1977], and Hymenorus campbelli Bouchard [for Hymenorus oculatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994] are proposed as new replacement names. Supporting evidence is provided for the conservation of usage of Tarpela micans (Fabricius, 1798) nomen protectum over Tarpela vittata (Olivier, 1793) nomen oblitum. The generic names Psilomera Motschulsky, 1870 [= Stenomorpha Solier, 1836], Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 [= Xysta Eschscholtz, 1829], Ooconibius Casey, 1895 and Euconibius Casey, 1895 [= Conibius LeConte, 1851] are new synonyms (valid names in square brackets).
Faunistic data of ten rare or little known species from Austria are provided. Clypastraea orientalis (REITTER) (Corylophidae), Tanymecus dilaticollis (GYLLENHAL) and Otiorhynchus albidus STIERLIN (Curculionidae) are recorded from Austria for the first time. New provincial records: Curculionidae: Tanysphyrus lemnae (PAYKULL) (Kärnten, Wien), Dytiscidae: Acilius canaliculatus (NICOLAI) (Kärnten), Elmidae: Macronychus quadrituberculatus MÜLLER (Wien), Hydraenidae: Hydraena intermedia ROSENHAUER (Steiermark), Latridiidae: Corticaria alleni JOHNSON (Wien).
Raising public awareness about invasive alien species (IAS) is essential and one step in citizen assumed
responsibility is represented by their willingness to cooperate and help the scientists. Recent citizen science
initiatives all around the world are bringing promising results, but in Romania almost no citizen-generated
data (CGD) projects on IAS were initiated. Mobile agriculture applications (apps) started to develop in
Romania and to be used by farmers, but not the IAS apps. The present article analyses the Romanian CGD
activities on IAS on EASIN, GBIF and iNaturalist web platforms and the citizen feedback on Halyomorpha
halys alert leaflets and public presentations. In the same direction, we initiated a questionnaire for reporting
on IAS, addressed to students and teachers of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine in Bucharest. Report rates varied from 0.79% to 0.38% for web platforms, to 0.14% for e-mail
and phones, while the IAS survey received 21.2% answers from teachers and colleagues and 10.5% from
students. Face-to-face communication seemed to improve the participatory rate, but only when personal
commitment and passion of the researcher is shown.
Catalogue of the weevils of the Palaearctic Region
The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum (L.; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a seed-feeding chrysomelid beetle. It is a strictly monophagous pest of Pisum sativum (L.; Fabales: Fabaceae), and is a major pest of peas in the world, including the United States, Australia, Europe, Ethiopia, and parts of Asia. The genetically diverse U.S. population of B. pisorum suggest the introduction of B. pisorum individuals from several distinct populations. Infestations destroying ranges from 0 to 90% in various parts of United States. B. pisorum is univoltine and each generation takes 50–80 d from oviposition to adult emergence. Adults overwinter adjacent to fields and colonize pea fields at bloom. Volatile cues from pea plants attract B. pisorum females to oviposit.
Cultural methods to control B. pisorum, including early planting and harvesting, are effective. Chemicals such
as acetamiprid, pyrethroids, and organophosphate insecticides are commonly used as contact insecticides.
Parasitoid Uscana senex (Grese; Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), through augmentative releases seems
promising for control of B. pisorum, and such efforts have met with success in Russia and Chile. In terms of plant resistance, the α-AI-1 gene, an α-amylase inhibitor, can control of B. pisorum in both outdoor and greenhouse pea crops. The neoplasm gene (Np allele) is an inducible form of resistance whose expression is induced by natural products of lipid origin found in B. pisorum. Expression of the neoplasm gene in resistant pea may be a possible approach for reducing B. pisorum infestation. Integrated pest management (IPM)
strategies include cultural control, biological control, and planting of resistant pea varieties.
Forests in virtually all regions of the world are being affected by invasions of non-native insects. We conducted an in-depth review of the traits of successful invasive forest insects and the ecological processes involved in insect invasions across the universal invasion phases (transport and arrival, establishment, spread and impacts). Most forest insect invasions are accidental consequences of international trade. The dominant invasion ‘pathways’ are live plant imports, shipment of solid wood packaging material, ‘‘hitchhiking’’ on inanimate objects, and intentional introductions of biological control agents. Invading insects exhibit a variety of life histories and include herbivores, detritivores, predators and parasitoids. Herbivores are considered the most damaging and include wood-borers, sap-feeders, foliage-feeders and seed eaters. Most non-native herbivorous forest insects apparently cause little noticeable damage but some species have profoundly altered the composition and ecological functioning of forests. In some cases, non-native herbivorous insects have virtually eliminated their hosts, resulting in major changes in forest composition and ecosystem processes. Invasive predators (e.g., wasps and ants) can have major effects on forest communities. Some parasitoids have caused the decline of native hosts. Key ecological factors during the successive invasion phases are illustrated. Escape from natural enemies explains some of the extreme impacts of forest herbivores but in other cases, severe impacts result from a lack of host defenses due to a lack of evolutionary exposure. Many aspects of forest insect invasions remain poorly understood including indirect impacts via apparent competition and facilitation of other invaders, which are often cryptic and not well studied.
Although research on human-mediated exchanges of species has substantially intensified during the last centuries, we know surprisingly little about temporal dynamics of alien species accumulations across regions and taxa. Using a novel database of 45,813 first records of 16,926 established alien species, we show that the annual rate of first records worldwide has increased during the last 200 years, with 37% of all first records reported most recently (1970–2014). Inter-continental and inter-taxonomic variation can be largely attributed to the diaspora of European settlers in the nineteenth century and to the acceleration in trade in the twentieth century. For all taxonomic groups, the increase in numbers of alien species does not show any sign of saturation and most taxa even show increases in the rate of first records over time. This highlights that past efforts to mitigate invasions have not been effective enough to keep up with increasing globalization.
The larger black flour beetle, Cynaeus angustus (LeConte, 1851), is recorded from Russia
(Belgorod Province) for the first time. It is also first recorded in the literature from Ukraine
(Lugansk and Kharkov Provinces), known previously from the Kharkov Province from the
record in the Internet. Its economic importance, historical and contemporary distribution are
discussed.
The catalogue of alien animal species registered in the Czech Republic, with data on their origin, date on the first observation, way of introduction (accidental, deliberate, spontaneous), invasive status (casual, non-invasive, post-invasive, invasive), habitat (eusynanthropic, urban, agricultural, natural), trophic requirements and possible influences (plant or stored-product pest, biodiversity influence). In total 595 species are listed, i.e. 1.8% of the fauna of this country; of these, 22 species of molluscs (8.8% of the local fauna), 451 spp. of arthropods (1.5%), 383 spp. of insects (1.4%), and 55 spp. of vertebrates (9.2%). Among the registered species, 248 spp. (41.8%) are confined to closed and heated spaces by their occurrence, and 287 spp. have become naturalized (48.2%). Of these 113 spp. are considered invasive (19% of alien spp.). 65 spp. (10.9% of aliens) are pests of stored products, 84 spp. (14.1%) are parasites of important animals, 53 spp. (8.9%) are pests of plants grown in heated rooms (above all, glasshouses), 28 ssp. (4.7%) are agricultural or forest pests, and 39 spp. (6.6%) may influence local biodiversity. The origin of the naturalized alien species is mostly in North America (70; 24.4%), the Mediterranean (61; 21.3%), E Asia (44; 15.4%), Central and SW Asia (43; 15%), and S or SE Asia (30; 10.5%).
(Linnaeus, 1767), previously considered a very rare and localised (accidental) species in Eastern Europe (Hungary, Romania), is recorded as a real pest for Cupressaceae in the Romanian Plain − the Easternmost site, out of the species’ previously known range. In comparison with the annual life cycle of the species in the Mediterranean region, in Romania the adults emerged between the second and the eighth year after the trees were planted, causing an attack of over 50% per cultivar. New data on intraspecific variability, distribution, and duration of the life cycle of this jewel beetle in Romania are presented.
The first documented occurrences of Otiorhynchus aurifer, O. pseudonothus, and Pachyrhinus lethierryi in Romania are given. The hotspot analysis (occurrence density, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, and Kernel density estimation) indicates global bilateral clustering of Otiorhynchus aurifer in Western Europe + Great Britain Island and the Black Sea region and local clustering in Marseille and Burgas + Istanbul, suggesting that these locations are likely the main gateways for further expansion. The major local clustering of O. pseudonothus is in Vienna, and secondary clusters are in Bruges, Amsterdam, and Denmark. This species reached East Europe including Russia, Ukraine, and Romania in the early 2020s. The analysis identifies Paris as a crucial gateway for the westward expansion of Pachyrhinus lethierryi. Potential vectors for O. aurifer include various Lauraceae and Oleaceae, with a preference for wild privet (Ligustrum vulgare), shared with O. pseudonothus. Northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) emerges as a potent coniferous vector in the spread of O. pseudonothus and P. lethierryi. The trade of potted conifers, particularly Christmas trees, is believed to contribute to the long-distance transportation of O. pseudonothus. While the establishment of O. pseudonothus and P. lethierryi remains unconfirmed, O. aurifer is likely established
in Agigea. O. aurifer, a non-native inhabitant of Western European urban areas, demonstrates adaptability to both urban and disturbed natural biotopes in the Black Sea region.
The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) attacks various cereals and causes serious damage during storage periods in many parts of the world including Iran. In this study, the impacts of nine rainfed barley cultivars namely Abidar, Ansar, Izeh, Fardan, Khoram, Mahoor, Nader, Nimroz, and Sararod were determined on the life table parameters of R. dominica in the laboratory, at 25 ± 2 • C, 60 ± 5% RH, and darkness, using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The different life table parameters of R. dominica were significantly influenced by tested cultivars. The incubation period of R. dominica was longest on Ansar (7.55 d) and shortest on Izeh (6.53 d). Among tested cultivars, developmental time of R. dominica immature stages was longest on Ansar (47.94 d) and shortest on Fardan (45.43 d). The total female life span for insects reared on Ansar (115.82 d) was significantly longer than other cultivars. The highest and lowest fecundities observed fed on Ansar (148.21 eggs) and Nader (81.78 eggs), respectively. Life expectancy (e xj) for all stages of individuals reared on Ansar was highest compared to other cultivars. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) differed among tested cultivars and was significantly lowest on Mahoor (0.052 day − 1) in comparison to other cultivars. The cluster analysis results indicated that Sararod, Nader, Nimroz, and Mahoor are relatively resistant cultivars for R. dominica performance and can be used in the integrated pest management program for this pest.
The saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) is a major external-infesting pest of various stored products worldwide. The last review was performed almost a decade ago, thus we provide an up-to-date review that will summarize relevant literature on the general biology, ecology, distribution and control of O. surinamensis. A synthesis of food hosts found documentation for 31 suitable foods for feeding and reproduction by O. surinamensis, while three were marginally suitable and 18 were unsuitable. In addition, O. surinamensis is found in 104 countries and 47 types of facilities, including in 48%, 54%, 43%, 48%, and 50% of the countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. Female adults lay up to 300–400 eggs at rate of 6–10 per day, while progeny production increases steadily until the optimum conditions of 30–32.5◦C at 30–70% RH. The average adult lifespan of O. surinamensis can reach 19 weeks. Adults have well developed wings but either don’t or rarely fly. Further, O. surinamensis has a male-produced aggregation pheromone attractive to both sexes consisting of three macrolides, including (3Z, 6Z)-dodecadien-11-olide, (3Z, 6Z)-dodecadien-12-olide, and (5Z, 8Z)-tetradecadien-13-olide in a 0.4:1:1 ratio. Seventy-six studies have been published on the efficacy of 54 insecticides for O. surinamensis. Only chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, malathion and pirimiphos-methyl were included in more than seven studies. A considerable number of studies report increased resistance of this species to numerous insecticides. However, research on the non-chemical control of this species should also be expanded, including the use of extreme temperatures, semiochemical-based management, as well as the application of controlled or modified atmospheres. Models predicting insect population growth can improve pest management decisions.
Tribolium castaneum has a long history as a model species in many distinct subject areas, but improved connections among the genetics, genomics, behavioral, ecological, and pest management fields are needed to fully realize this species’ potential as a model. Tribolium castaneum was the first beetle whose genome was sequenced, and a new genome assembly and enhanced annotation, combined with readily available genomic research tools, have facilitated its increased use in a wide range of functional genomics research. Research into T. castaneum’s sensory systems, response to pheromones and kairomones, and patterns of movement and landscape utilization has improved our understanding of behavioral and ecological processes. Tribolium castaneum has also been a model in the development of pest monitoring and management tactics, including evaluation of insecticide resistance mechanisms. Application of functional genomics approaches to behavioral, ecological, and pest management research is in its infancy but offers a powerful tool that can link mechanism with function and facilitate exploitation of these relationships to better manage this important food pest.
Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 67 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
The citizen scientist is a vital component in invasive species management and mapping. Long‐term, highly productive citizen scientists are often motivated by the desire to help out with a scientific issue, and increased recruitment and retention of these volunteers can greatly benefit these projects. There are many groups and different geographic levels and in different areas of interest that can help to draw in citizen scientists to contribute in a variety of capacities. Utilizing citizen scientists can help to cover a much larger area, with training and verification their data quality can be comparable to professional data, and the data can be aggregated into a larger database, creating a more complete map of invasive species distribution and resource for data reuse. In addition to mapping, citizen scientists can be employed in many different areas, from education and outreach, to fundraising, treatment/control activities, and more. Citizen scientists have an ever expanding role in invasive species management, and their work is augmenting the work done by professionals to help prevent and manage invasive species.
Full catalogue of the tribe Helopini (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) of the Palaearctic is published
For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is important to distinguish the range dynamics of such species from those that occur without, or with less clear, involvement of human-induced environmental changes. We elucidate the salient features of the rapid increase in the number of species whose range dynamics are human induced, and review the relationships and differences to both natural range expansion and biological invasions. We discuss the consequences for science, policy and management in an era of rapid global change and highlight four key challenges relating to basic gaps in knowledge, and the transfer of scientific understanding to biodiversity management and policy. We conclude that range-expanding species responding to human-induced environmental change will become an essential feature for biodiversity management and science in the Anthropocene. Finally, we propose the term neonative for these taxa.
Two new methods were developed for identifying Cynaeus angustus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) by DNA amplification using simplex and real-time PCR targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence reported previously. The specificities of the PCR primers and probe were also confirmed by the two PCR methods using the 22 main stored-product insect species, including DNA samples from nine tenebrionid beetle species. The results showed that the newly developed simplex and real-time PCR-based methods have sufficient specificity for analysis. The limits of detection for C. angustus total DNA by the simplex and multiplex PCR were 320 fg and 20 pg, respectively.
Cis chinensis Lawrence (Coleoptera: Ciidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil. The species has been previously recognized as pest of commercial dried fungi in China, Thailand and USA. The status of the species is discussed, and the Cis multidentatus species-group is delimited to encompass C. chinensis and the morphologically similar species C. aldabranus Scott, C. mikagensis Nobuchi & Wada, and C. multidentatus (Pic). Images of male and female pronotum, protibia and genitalia, as well as dorsal, lateral and ventral views of male C. chinensis from Brazil are provided.
A pocket reference that allows the non-specialist to identify major insect and arachnid pests found in stored cereal grains, grain products and grain legumes. It describes most storage pests found worldwide and provides concise information on the biology, distribution, damage and economic importance of each species. Each entry contains at least one colour photograph. The notes for each species tell the nature of the pest or beneficial and the commodity affected; temperature and humidity conditions at which the species can survive; optimum conditions at which eggs take the shortest time to develop into adults; and maximum population growth rate per month. This new edition has twice as many species in it and more detail on distribution, host range and pest status than the previous edition. Short introductory sections on insect biology, principles of control and concepts of pest status evaluation have also been added.
The Australian ciid fauna is revised based on 75 described species (56 of them new) and three undescribed species, placed in 22 genera (nine of them new and nine newly recorded from Australia). The revision is considered preliminary, since about 50 other undescribed Australian species have been seen (usually as uniques or in short series), and it is likely that more will be found with increased intensive collecting. One additional New Caledonian species is also described, and one Cis species is considered to be based on a mislabelled Hawaiian specimen. The subfamily Ciinae, to which all species belong, is described based on adults and larvae, and keys are included to all known Australian genera and described species. Where material has been available, male and female genitalia have been described and many of those illustrated. The following new genera are described: Amphibolocis Lawrence gen. nov., Australocis Lawrence gen. nov., Ctenocis Lawrence gen. nov., Echinocis Lawrence gen. nov., Ditrichocis Lawrence gen. nov., Glyphidope Lawrence gen. nov., Malleecis Lawrence gen. nov., Notapterocis Lawrence gen. nov., Pseudeuxestocis Lawrence gen. nov. The following genera are recorded for the first time from Australia: Acanthocis Miyatake, Ceracis Mellié, Dichodontocis Kawanabe, Ennearthron Mellié, Hadreule Thomson, Neoennearthron Miyatake, Paratrichapus Scott, Scolytocis Blair and Xylographella Miyatake (the last three without described Australian species). The following new species are described (all native to Australia or its territories, unless otherwise indicated): Amphibolocis glabratus Lawrence, sp. nov., Australocis ruber Lawrence, sp. nov., Ceracis christmasensis Lawrence, sp. nov., Cer. communis Lawrence, sp. nov., Cer. divergens Lawrence sp. nov., Cer. fictus Lawrence sp. nov., Cis biconcavus Lawrence & Paviour-Smith, sp. nov., C. bisericeus Lawrence sp. nov., C. blackburni Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. canberrae Lawrence sp. nov., C. capillatus Lawrence sp. nov., C. clypeodentes Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. convexiformis Lawrence sp. nov., C. crassus Lawrence sp. nov., C. deficiens Lawrence sp. nov., C. denticulatus Lawrence sp. nov., C. deserticolus Lawrence sp. nov., C. dissidens Lawrence sp. nov., C. echidnoides Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. eremicus Lawrence sp. nov., C. guangxiensis Lawrence sp. nov. (introduced from China), C. inflatus Lawrence, sp. nov., C. microcerus Lawrence sp. nov., C. minutipunctatus Lawrence sp. nov., C. nitidonotum Lawrence sp. nov., C. obscuronotum Lawrence sp. nov., C. parviniger Lawrence sp. nov., C. planomarginatus Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. simillimus Lawrence sp. nov., C. sordidus Lawrence & Paviour-Smith, sp. nov., C. subglaber Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. subparallelus Lawrence sp. nov., C. tasmanorae Lawrence sp. nov., C. tricolor Lawrence sp. nov., C. victoriae Lawrence sp. nov., C. yorkensis Lawrence sp. nov., Ctenocis caledonicus Lawrence sp. nov. (New Caledonia), Ctenocis pectinipes Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., Dichodontocis queenslandicus Lawrence sp. nov., Echinocis phellinophilus Lawrence sp. nov., Ennearthron alienindicus Lawrence sp. nov. (introduced from India), Glyphidope simplex Lawrence sp. nov., G. variabilis Lawrence sp. nov., Hadreule australiense Lawrence sp. nov., Malleecis flavus Lawrence sp. nov., Neoennearthron meridionale sp. nov., Notapterocis ellipticus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis globulus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis grossulus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis hirsutulus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis sannio Lawrence sp. nov., Octotemnus ambiguus Lawrence sp. nov., Octotemnus exilis Lawrence sp. nov., Orthocis latemarginatus Lawrence sp. nov., Orthocis quadrimaculatus Lawrence sp. nov., Pseudeuxestocis burwelli Lawrence sp. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Acanthocis armiger (Blair, 1940) (Cis), comb. nov., Ctenocis zeelandicus (Reitter, 1880) (Cis), comb. nov., Ditrichocis pulchellus (Scott, 1926) (Ennearthron), comb. nov., Ditrichocis bifasciatus (Reitter, 1877) (Cis), comb. nov. and Paratrichapus lobipes (Broun, 1895) (Cis), comb. nov. The following synonymies are proposed: Cis recurvatus Broun, 1883 (= Cis victoriensis Blackburn, 1891 syn. nov., = Cis tasmanicus Blair, 1940 syn. n.). The following 13 genera are redescribed: Acanthocis Miyatake, 1955; Ceracis Mellié, 1849; Cis Latreille, 1796; Dichodontocis Kawanabe, 1994; Ennearthron Mellié, 1847; Hadreule Thomson, 1859; Neoennearthron Miyatake, 1954; Octotemnus Mellié, 1847; Orthocis Casey, 1898; Paratrichapus Scott, 1926; Scolytocis Blair, 1928; Xylographella Miyatake, 1985; Xylographus Mellié, 1847. The following 20 species are redescribed: Acanthocis armiger (Blair, 1940); Cis australis Blackburn, 1888; Cis bilamellatus Wood, 1884; Cis cavifrons Blair, 1940; Cis cervus Blair, 1940; Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991; Cis clarki Blair, 1940; Cis fuscipes Mellié, 1849; Cis laminicollis Blair, 1940; Cis recurvatus Broun, 1883; Cis sellatus Blair, 1940; Cis setiferus Blackburn, 1888; Cis walkeri Blair, 1940; Ditrichocis pulchellus (Scott, 1926); Octotemnus dilutipes (Blackburn, 1891); Octotemnus walkeri Blair, 1940; Orthocis aequalis (Blackburn, 1888); Orthocis auriculariae Lawrence, 1991; Orthocis leanus (Blackburn, 1907); Xylographus bynoei Blair, 1940. The introduced species Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991, and Orthocis auriculariae Lawrence, 1991, are recorded for the first time from Australia. The species Cis adelaidae Blackburn, 1888, is considered to be based on a mislabelled Hawaiian species near Cis setarius Sharp in Blackburn & Sharp, 1885. The name Cis sharpi Lawrence nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for another species in this Hawaiian group: Cis bimaculatus Sharp in Blackburn & Sharp, 1885, not Germain, 1855. Lectotypes are designated for Acanthocis armiger (Blair, 1940), Cis cavifrons Blair, 1940, Cis clarki Blair, 1940, Cis laminicollis Blair, 1940, Cis recurvatus Broun, 1883, Octotemnus walkeri Blair, 1940 and Orthocis leanus (Blackburn, 1907).