Bağlama Özgü Bilgece Muhakeme Ölçeği (BMÖ) Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması [Situated Wise Reasoning Scale (SWIS-TR): Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version]

Abstract

Psikoloji literatüründe bilgelik, farklı yaklaşımlara sahip kuramsal modellerle incelenmektedir. Bu modellerden biri, bilgeliği bilişsel değişkenler üzerinden muhakeme becerisi olarak kavramsallaştıran Bilgece Muhakeme Modeli, diğeri ise bilgeliği duygu düzenlemenin de dahil olduğu psikolojik kaynakların öngördüğü bir beceri olarak tanımlayan MORE Yaşam Deneyimi Modelidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bağlama Özgü Bilgece Muhakeme Ölçeğinin (BMÖ) MORE Yaşam Deneyimi Modeli maddeleriyle zenginleştirilerek Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya çoğunluğu üniversite öğrencisi olan, 18-30 yaş aralığında 307 (47 erkek) katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. SWIS’in 21 maddeli ve 5 faktörlü orijinal havuzuna 26 madde ve 3 faktör eklenerek 47 maddeli, 8 faktörlü bir havuz oluşturulmuştur. Orijinal ölçek yapısı ve havuz karşılaştırmalı olarak doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve geçerlik ve güvenilirlik analizleriyle incelenmiştir. Orijinal ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenilirlik analizleri 23 maddeli, 6 faktörlü bir yapı ortaya koymuştur. Nihai ölçekte BMÖ’nün 15 maddesi ve tüm faktörleri korunmuştur. Ayrıca, 23 maddelik nihai ölçek, üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan 183 (28 erkek) kişilik ikinci bir örneklem grubunda test edilmiştir. Bulgular, BMÖ’nün bilgeliği bilişsel yaklaşımla test eden maddeleri ile MORE Yaşam Modeli'nin duygusal becerileri ölçen maddeleri birleştiğinde, orijinal modele kıyasla daha güvenilir ve geçerli olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, Türkiye’de bilgeliğin algılanışına dair tartışmalara kuramsal çerçevede katkı sağlamaktadır.

In the psychology literature, wisdom is examined through theoretical models with diverse approaches. One of these models, the Situated Wise Reasoning Model (SWIS), conceptualizes wisdom as a reasoning skill shaped by cognitive variables, while the MORE Life Experience Model defines wisdom as a skill influenced by psychological resources, including emotion regulation. The aim of this study is to adapt the Situated Wise Reasoning Scale (SWIS) into Turkish by enriching it with items from the MORE Life Experience Model and to evaluate its psychometric properties. The study involved 307 participants (47 men), mostly university students aged 18-30. The original 21-item, 5-factor SWIS pool was expanded by adding 26 items and 3 factors, creating a 47-item, 8-factor pool. The original scale structure and the expanded pool were comparatively assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and validity and reliability analyses. The original scale's analyses revealed a 23-item, 6-factor structure. In the final version, 15 items and all factors of the SWIS were retained. Additionally, the 23-item final scale was tested with a second sample of 183 university students (28 men). The findings indicated that integrating SWIS items assessing cognitive aspects of wisdom with MORE Life Experience Model items measuring emotional competencies produced a model that was more reliable and valid than the original. The study's findings provide theoretical contributions to discussions on how wisdom is perceived in Turkey.

Full text

Araştırma Makalesi/Original Article
© 2024 nesnedergisi. Bu makale Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 lisansı ile yayımlanmaktadır.
Bağlama Özgü Bilgece Muhakeme Ölçeği (BMÖ) Türkçe
Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Hüseyin Zahid Cambaz
1
, Emine Zehra Kasap
2
, Gülten Ünal
3
Cambaz, H. Z., Kasap, E. Z. ve Ünal, G. (2024). Bağlama Özgü Bilgece Muhakeme Ölçeği (BMÖ) Türkçe
Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Nesne, 12(34), 477-496. DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
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Makale Bilgisi
Geliş tarihi: 3 Haziran 2024
Düzeltme tarihi: 28 Ekim 2024
Kabul tarihi: 01 Aralık 2024 (
Yazar Notu: Veri toplama sürecindeki yardımları için Prof. Dr. Cemşafak
ÇUKUR’a, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Nur Elibol PEKASLAN’a, Arş. Gör. Ece Ceren
AKKAYA’ya ve Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ömer Erdoğan’a; ölçek çeviri süreçlerindeki
yardımları için Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Emine İNAN’a, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Yankı Süsen’e,
Arş. Gör. Muhammet COŞKUN’a, Arş. Gör. Esat TOSUN’a, Arş. Gör. Özge
Demirci’ye; süreçteki destekleri ve yorumları için Dr. Igor Grossmann’a ve
Dr. Judith Glück’e teşekkürü borç biliriz.
DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
(
1
Arş. Gör., Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, zahidcambaz(at)gmail.com, ORCID: 0000-0003-0583-5309
2
Arş. Gör., Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, eminezehrakasap(at)aybu.edu.tr, ORCID: 0000-0002-6886-3027
3
!Dr. Öğr. Üyesi., Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, gunal(at)aybu.edu.tr, ORCID: 0000-0003-1000-952X

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b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
482
www.nesnedergisi.com
!
Yöntem
Çalışma 1
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b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
483
www.nesnedergisi.com
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Bulgular
Ya p ı G e ç er l N l N ğN
B.r.nc. Düzey Doğrulayıcı Faktör Anal.z.
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Mablo 1
Uyum İndeksler. ve Kabul Ed.leb.l.r Değerler
Uyum +ndeksler+
Kabul ed+leb+l+r değerler
x2/df
0 < x2/df < 3
AGFI
0.85 < AGFI < 1.00
GFI
0.90 <GFI <1.00
NFI
0.90 <NFI <1.00
RFI
0.90 <RFI <1.00
CFI
0.90 <CFI <1.00
IFI
0.90 <IFI <1.00
SRMR
SRMR < .05
RMSEA
0.05 <RMSEA <0.08

b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
484
www.nesnedergisi.com
!
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Tab lo 2
Doğrulayıcı faktör anal.z. uyum .ndeks. sonuçları
Aşamalar
χ2
df
χ2 /df
AGFI
GFI
NFI
RFI
CFI
IFI
SRMR
RMSEA
1. 47 maddel+
model
2928,294
1006
2,911
,639
,678
,615
,586
,706
,709
,092
,079
2. Ters maddeler
çıkarılmış model
1581,156
637
2,482
,736
,773
,739
,712
,824
,824
,067
,070
3. Faktör
b+rleşt+rme
1012,291
390
2,596
,769
,806
,794
,770
,861
,862
,064
,072
4. ölçeğ+n son
hal+
385,096
211
1,825
,871
,901
,881
,857
,942
,942
,049
,0486
5. İk+nc+ Düzey
faktör anal+z+
457,043
220
2,077
,854
,884
,859
,838
,921
,921
,059
,059
6. Or+j+nal 21
maddel+ yapı
548,307
179
3,063
,808
,851
,821
,790
,870
,872
,062
,082
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G';&)-&$!)+'%202'721-20<!J8! k1'&7'&0k$!45$8=8$%+! G';&3k$!$k*+k! 8,87!%&3&0'&0k! &'%&!&%k'7k1-k0<!W)k$=k! %#9&,!
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b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
485
www.nesnedergisi.com
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G';&3&!S%8,:84+'!)+>0+,21T!k4k7'k!,&$k!/k0!+'-!I+)-G0!&)'&$7k1-k0<!!
Tab lo 3
Faktör yük değerler.
Perspekt+f
alma
Entelektüel
tevazu
Uzlaşı
arayışı
Dışarıdan
bakış
Değ+ş+m+
tanıma
Duygusal
kavrayış
Madde Toplam
Korelasyonu
M11.
,805
,740**
M38.
,735
,682**
M1.
,692
,648**
M33.
,584
,564**
M47.
,738
,708**
M8.
,710
,688**
M44.
,630
,602**
M3.
,623
,612**
M9.
,748
,627**
M21.
,740
,665**
M19.
,679
,560**
M25.
,659
,551**
M15.
,804
,553**
M10.
,783
,587**
M20.
,781
,541**
M5.
,775
,569**
M7.
,758
,651**
M2.
,713
,657**
M12.
,561
,572**
M17.
,541
,568**
M40.
,671
,457**
M35.
,631
,469**
M26.
,624
,452**
Var y an s :
%7,07
%4,56
%8,73
%11,33
%6,78
%5,64
Top la m
varyans:
%44,11
İk.nc. Düzey Doğrulayıcı Faktör Anal.z.
U'-2!+'-!I+)-G0#$!?6&046&)-kI!+'7+.!%&3k1k7k!-+$27+.!&$-&'&)-#&'!-&>+98.!89'+12!+0+,212.!%21+02%+$!/+)21!
>&!%8,:84+'!)+>0+,21C!/+3'2!5'%8)'+02!>+04+,2'+$!#4-!%#9&,!,+62!?G0-#)!%&3k1)&$C!5'+$!/k':&=&!78*+)&7&,k!$&!
G';#%&!+;2)'+%232$2!-&4-!&-7&)!+7+=2,'+!k)k$=k!%#9&,!%5308'+,2=2!I+)-G0!+$+'k9k!8,:8'+$721-20<!`5%&'&!k'k1)k$!
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Tab lo 4
İk.nc. Düzey Faktör Anal.z. Sonuçları
Faktör
Standart Hata
Faktör yükü
Açıklanan toplam varyans
p
Perspekt+f alma
,102
0,925
0,840
p <.001
Entelektüel tevazu
,091
0,942
0,350
p <.001
Uzlaşı arayışı
,099
0,847
0,299
p <.001
Dışarıdan bakış
,100
0,547
0,718
p <.001
Değ+ş+m+ tanıma
,098
0,917
0,888
p <.001
Duygusal kavrayış
,088
,591
0,855
p <.001
!
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I+)-G0#%#0<!!

b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
486
www.nesnedergisi.com
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Tab lo 5
BMÖ’ye a.t alt faktörler ve çalışma değ.şkenler. arasındak. korelasyonlar
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b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
487
www.nesnedergisi.com
!
Tab lo 6
Güven.l.rl.k Anal.z. Sonuçları
Boyutlar
Cronbach Alpha
Omega
İk+ yarı güven+rl+ğ+
BTÖ-T
.92
.91
.87
Perspekt+f alma
.80
.80
.75
Değ+ş+m+ tanıma
.72
.71
.62
Entelektüel tevazu
.75
.76
.72
Uzlaşı arayışı
.81
.81
.83
Dışarıdan bakış
.85
.85
.82
Duygusal kavrayış
.66
.67
.69
Çalışma 2
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e'+,+!k'k1)k$!5'87489!*k4'&0k7k$!/&$k!,+$2'-+/k'&=&3k$k!:G9!G$#$%&!/8'8$%80%87<!
Uzlaşma/çatışma çözümü arama
`#7)#$!5'7+4+!/k'&!k)k7k9k!%&!7&7$8$!&%&/k'&=&)!/k0!;G9#7!+0+%27<!
_80878!;G9#7&!)+>81-807+7292$!;5)!G$&7'k!5'%838$8!%#1#$%#7<!!
l+-217+$2$!$+42'!;G9#'&/k'&=&3k$k!G$:G07&,&!;+'21-27<!!
l+-217+$2$!;G9#7#!k)k7k9k$!%&!k,k!*k44&-7&4k!+;242$%+$!G$&7'k!%k,&!%#1#$%#7<!
!
Olaya dışarıdan bNrNnNn bakış açısıyla bakma !
_80878!k9'&,&$!/+1)+!/k0k!5'4+,%27!$&!%#1#$#0%#7!%k,&!7&0+)!&--k7<!
l+-217+,+!%+*k'!5'7+,+$!/k0!)k1k$k$!/+)21!+;242$%+$!%8087+!/+)7+,+!;+'21-27<!
J+1)+'+02!/8!;+-217+,2!k9'k,50!5'4+,%2.!$&!%#1#$#0!,+!%+!*k44&%&0'&0%k!%k,&!)&$%k7&!450%87<!
_21+02%+$!/k0k$k$!%8087!*+))2$%+!/&$k7)k$%&$!I+0)'2!/k0!:G0#1&!4+*k6!5'86!5'+7+,+=+32!)5$848$%+!
%#1#$%#7<!
Duygusal kavrayış
_8087!*+))2$%+)k!)+07+12)!*k4'&0k7!#9&0k$&!,538$'+1-27<!!
i&$%k!%8,:8'+0272!+$'+7+,+!;+'21-27<!!

b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
495
www.nesnedergisi.com
_8087'+!k':k'k!$&%&$!/&''k!/+1'2!%8,:8'+0!*k44&--k3k7!#9&0k$&!%#1#$%#7<!!
!
EK 2
47 MaddelNk Madde Havuzu
*Ters maddeler
**Madde havuzuna sonradan eklenen maddeler kırmızıyla @şaretlenm@şt@r.
!
KarşıdakNnNn perspektNfNnN alma
OY!i&$%k7k!)+0127%+)k$k$!,&0k$&!)5,%87<!
XY!i+0127%+)k,'&!50-+)!5'+/k'&=&)!,G$'&0k7k9!#9&0k$%&$!k'&-k1k7!)807+,+!;+'21-27<!
OOY!i+0127%+)k$k$!/+)21!+;242$2!+$'+7+)!k;k$!;+/+!4+0I!&--k7<!
OXY!Jk0!45$8=+!>+07+%+$!G$=&!)+0127%+)k$k$!)5$8,'+!k':k'k!:G0#1'&0k$k!+'7+)!k;k$!9+7+$!+,20%27<!
@@Y!V+$:k!50-+)!6+,%+%+!/8'81+/k'&=&3k7k9k!+$'+7+)!k;k$!)+0127%+)k!)k1k,'&!k'&-k1k7&!:&;7&,&!
;+'21-27<‡‡!
bbY!i+0127%+)k$k$!/&$k7)k$%&$!I+0)'2!5'+/k'&=&)!%&3&0!>&!G$=&'k)'&0k$k!)+/8'!&-7&,&!;+'21-27<!!
b^Y!‡e'+,2!>&!)+0127%+)k$k!+$'+7+,+!;+'217+%+$!-&6)k7k!;+/8)!:G4-&0%k7<!!
bPY!i+0127%+)k$k$!$&'&0!*k44&%&/k'&=&3k$k!+$'+7+,+!;+'21-27<!
!
DeğNşNmNn ve durumun ortaya çıkabNleceğN bNrden fazla yolun dNkkate alınması
@Y!_8087!:&'k1-k);&!I+0)'2!;G9#7'&0!+0+%27<!
[Y!_8087!:&'k1-k);&!+'-&0$+-kI!;G9#7'&0!%#1#$%#7<!
O@Y!_80878$!/k0;5)!I+0)'2!45$8=+!,5'!+;+/k'&=&3k$&!k$+$%27<!
O[Y!_80878$!/k0;5)!I+0)'2!1&)k'%&!:&'k1&/k'&=&3k$k!%#1#$%#7<!
@PY!_8087!k4-&7&%k3k7!/k0!/k;k7%&!45$8;'+$4+!%+*k!/8$8!)+/8''&$7&7!:&0&)-k3k$k!%#1#$%#7<!!
^XY!‡Jk0%&$!I+9'+!;G9#7!5'+/k'&=&3k$k!%#1#$7&)-&$4&!-&)!/k0!45$8=+!5%+)'+$%27<!!
!
Entelektüel tevazu/BNlgNnNn sınırlarının tanınması
bY!_8087!*+))2$%+)k!Ik)0k7k$!,+$'21!5'86!5'7+%232$2!k)k!)&9!)5$-05'!&--k7<!
PY!_k3&0!)k1k$k$!Ik)k0'&0k$k$!%5308!5'86!5'7+%232$2!%#1#$%#7<!
ObY!rk)0k7k!5'81-807+%+$!G$=&!420+%212!%8087'+02$!>+0!5'86!5'7+%232$2!+0+1-20%27<!
OPY!g0k1k7k7!5'7+,+$!/+92!/k':k'&0k$!>+0!5'+/k'&=&3k$k!%#1#$&0&)!*+0&)&-!&--k7<!
@bY!_8087!*+))2$%+!/k'7&%k3k7!1&,'&0k$!>+0!5'+/k'&=&3k$k!%#1#$&0&)!*+0&)&-!&--k7<!!
bOY!_80878$!/&$k7!)5$-05'#7!%212$%+!:&'k1&$!G$&7'k!/5,8-'+02!5'%838$8!%#1#$%#7<!!
bZY!‡_8087+!k'k1)k$!*&0!1&,k!/k'%k3k7!k;k$!-&)!*+)'2!)k1k$k$!/&$!5'%838$8!%#1#$%#7<!!
^OY!‡V+)'2!5'%83878!>&!%k3&0!%&-+,'+0'+!k':k'&$7&7&7!:&0&)-k3k$k!%#1#$%#7<!!
^^Y!e'+,+!k'k1)k$!5'87489!*k4'&0k7k$!/&$k!,+$2'-+/k'&=&3k$k!:G9!G$#$%&!/8'8$%80%87<!!
^[Y!E+$ '2 1! ,50 87 '+ 721 !5 '+ / k' &= &3 k 7k !% #1 # $& 0& )!% 80 87 8 !- &) 0+ 0 !- &) 0+ 0 !: G9 %& $ !: &; k0% k7 <! !
!
Uzlaşma/çatışma çözümü arama
^Y!W)k7k9k$!%&!k;k$&!4k$&$!/k0!,5'!/8'7+)!k;k$!&'k7%&$!:&'&$k$!&$!k,k4k$k!,+6-27<!
ZY!`#7)#$!5'7+4+!/k'&!k)k7k9k!%&!7&7$8$!&%&/k'&=&)!/k0!;G9#7!+0+%27<!
O^Y!H$=&'k)'&!%80878$!;G9#7#$%&!/k0!89'+17+$2$!7#7)#$!5'86!5'7+%232$2!:G9!G$#$%&!/8'8$%80%87<!
OZY!_80878!;G9#7&!)+>81-807+7292$!;5)!G$&7'k!5'%838$8!%#1#$%#7<!!
@OY!l+-217+$2$!$+42'!;G9#'&/k'&=&3k$k!G$:G07&,&!;+'21-27<!
@BY!l+-217+$2$!;G9#'7&4k.!k)k7k9k$!%&!k,k!*k44&-7&4k!+;242$%+$!G$&7'k!%k,&!%#1#$%#7<!
@ZY!‡U7+=27!+0+729%+!/k0!89'+17+,+!>+07+)-+$4+!*+)'2!;2)7+)-2<!!

b-*!-G(/%(-1&E'(ZWZY; Nesne, 12NVYO'(YXXUYc\ DOI: 10.7816/nesne-12-34-02
496
www.nesnedergisi.com
!
Olaya dışarıdan bNrNnNn bakış açısıyla bakma
BY!_80878!k9'&,&$!/+1)+!/k0k!5'4+,%27!$&!%#1#$#0%#7!%k,&!7&0+)!&--k7<!
OAY!l+-217+,+!%+*k'!5'7+,+$!/k0!)k1k$k$!/+)21!+;242$%+$!%8087+!/+)7+,+!;+'21-27<!
OBY!J+1)+'+02!/8!;+-217+,2!k9'k,50!5'4+,%2.!$&!%#1#$#0!,+!%+!*k44&%&0'&0%k!%k,&!)&$%k7&!450%87<!
@AY!_21+02%+$!/k0k$k$!%8087!*+))2$%+!/&$k7)k$%&$!I+0)'2!/k0!:G0#1&!4+*k6!5'86!5'+7+,+=+32!)5$848$%+!
%#1#$%#7<!
@^Y!‡!J8!%8087%+!/+1)+!/k0!5'4+.!/&$%&$!%+*+!5':8$!/k0!1&)k'%&!%+>0+$+7+9%2!!
b[Y!‡_21+02%+$!/k0!:G9'&!)&4k$'k)'&!/&$!*+)'2,%27<!
!
KarşıdakNne empatN ve NlgN
@[Y!‡i+0127%+)k$k$!%8,:8'+02!/&$k!6&)!k':k'&$%k07k,50%8<!!
bXY!i+0127%+)k$k$!%+*+!k,k!*k44&-7&4k!k;k$!;+/+'+%27<!?M0k&%!-5!7+)&!-*&!5-*&0!6&045$!I&&'!/&--&0C!
^bYi+0127%+)k$k$!%8,:8'+02$2!k$=k-7&7&,&!;+'21-27<!?M0k&%!$5-!-5!*80-!-*&!5-*&0!6&045$N4!I&&'k$:4C!
^BY!i+0127%+)k$k$!%8,:8'+02$+!%k))+-k7k!>&0%k7<!?a+4!+--&$-k>&!-5!-*&!5-*&0!6&045$N4!I&&'k$:4C!
!
Duygusal kavrayış
@XY!_8087!*+))2$%+!$&%&$!/&'k0'k!%8,:8'+0!*k44&--k3k7!#9&0k$&!%#1#$%#7<!!
bBY!_8087!*+))2$%+)k!)+07+12)!*k4'&0k7!#9&0k$&!,538$'+1-27!?L+k%!+--&$-k5$!-5!7,!5j$!=576'k=+-&%!
I&&'k$:4!+/58-!-*&!4k-8+-k5$C!
^AY!i&$%k!%8,:8'+0272!+$'+7+,+!;+'21-27<!?M0k&%!-5!8$%&04-+$%!7,!5j$!I&&'k$:4C!
!
Duygu düzenleme
bAY!_8087!*+))2$%+)k!*k4'&0k7k!$+42'!%21+>80%8387!#9&0k$&!%k))+-k7k!>&0%k7<!!
b@Y!‡Vk4'&0k7&!6&)!*+)k7!5'+7+%2327!k;k$!+$k%&$!%8,:84+'!-&6)k!:G4-&0%k7<!!
^@Y!h+42'!*k44&--k3k7k!)+0127%+)k$&!+)-+07+,+!;+'21-27<!!
!