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Forecasting of foreign trade indicators for industrial products between Ukraine and JapanПрогнозування показників зовнішньої торгівлі промислової продукції між Україною та Японією
Abstract
Analysis, evaluate and forecast the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and Japan. Studies of scientific problems related to the intensification of Ukrainian-Japanese cooperation in the foreign economic sphere were carried out using critical and scientific analysis, methods of scientific generalization and systematization, induction and deduction. To predict the volume of exports of domestic products to Japan, the following adaptive methods for forecasting: Holt model, Holt-Muir model were used. Since there are significant fluctuations in the series of dynamics (imports volume), we revealed abnormal values of the series. To detect anomalous values of the series, the Irwin method is used. The obtained results made it possible to draw a conclusion about the existing trends of further growth in the volume of export and import of industrial goods between Ukraine and Japan despite the conditions of the war. The analysis and forecast of exports to Japan indicate not only the aggressiveness of international marketing of Japanese entrepreneurs but also reflects the shortcomings of Ukrainian business - cannot or does not want to focus on the production and export of labor-intensive industrial products with higher value added. Despite the localization of active hostilities, Ukraine's economic prospects remain extremely uncertain and depend on the duration of the war. In general, in order to support the export of traditional industrial goods (metal products. machinery and chemical products) to Japan, Ukraine needs to create an effective state policy of innovative development of domestic industry. The adaptive forecasting models presented in the article reproduce the dynamics of foreign trade relations between Ukraine and Japan. Unlike the existing ones, they are the most adequate forecasting tool in conditions of limited information and uncertainty. The results of the research presented in this work can be applied in practice for the analysis, evaluation and forecast of the development of foreign economic relations between the countries of the world.
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The world economy is evolving towards multipolar globalization, and China has become a new pole of economic development. Ukraine, like other countries, is looking for ways to cooperate with China in the field of trade and investment. China, for its part, offers a model of cooperation within the framework of the OBOR (One Belt, One Road) initiative. Along with Chinese investment in transport and logistics infrastructure, OBOR aims to conclude FTAs with the countries participating in the initiative; thus, the article focuses on the issues of trade, and Ukraine’s industrial and innovation policy in the context of the OBOR initiative. A comparative analysis of both countries’ trade and industrial policies was conducted to provide a basis for evaluation. The terms of trade between Ukraine and China are not symmetrical due to the difference in the scale of the economy and trade. Additionally, Ukraine’s trade regime is relatively liberal, while the Chinese market is protected by higher tariff and non‑tariff barriers. Furthermore, the current situation in mutual trade is asymmetric. Ukraine exports mainly raw materials to China, while exports from China to Ukraine are dominated by investment and consumer goods.
The import dependence of the Ukrainian economy, in general, is high without any noticeable signs of decline. In 2014–2018, the share of imports of goods and services in GDP in Ukraine averaged 54% (for comparison, in China, this parameter was 19%). In 2018, 55% of Ukraine’s negative balance in trade in goods was due to trade with China. China seeks to conclude FTAs under the OBOR initiative, but in the current context, the liberalization of trade regimes with China will result in Ukraine growing its raw material exports to China and increasing its dependence on Chinese imports. On the other hand, China’s investment, production, research, and technological opportunities can become an important resource for Ukraine to modernize its economy. Promising areas of Chinese investment include high technology, in particular, aviation, shipbuilding, bioengineering, the development of new materials, and more. Ukraine is interested in China’s experience in implementing a number of state programs in the field of innovation development of Chinese industrial enterprises. The support system for clusters, industrial parks, Free Economic Zones (FEZs), and technology parks can be recommended for introduction into Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of developing an innovation structure in Ukraine.
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