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Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
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How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
271
The Role of Local Customs and Traditions in
Maintaining Social Stability:
A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt
Imam Wicaksono1*, Sherif Sa’ad alGayyar2, Ahmed Hassan
Mohammad Hassan3
1Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2Beni Suef University, 3Al-Azhar University
1Indonesia
2,3Egypt
Corresponding author: imamwicaksono@ugm.ac.id
Article History: Submitted date; October 10th, 2024; Revised date; December 3rd,
2024; Accepted date; December 19th, 2024; Published date; December 31st, 2024.
ABSTRACT
This study intends to evaluate how the wedding traditions of the Nubian
community in Egypt preserve cultural identity and sustain social stability in
the face of globalization pressures. These traditions encompass rites such as
restrictions against marrying non-Nubians, engagement ceremonies, and
henna applications, expressing the collective ideals of the community. This
study uses a library research method to examine pertinent material using four
important functions—adaptation, goal accomplishment, integration, and
pattern maintenance—are assessed in the study using Talcott Parsons' AGIL
theory. Thematic data from sociological and ethnographic sources pertaining
to Nubian cultural activities were analyzed using a literature review
methodology. The findings show that the role of adaptation is represented by
the prohibition on marriage with non-Nubians, which tries to preserve the
integrity of cultural identity. Customary agreements during engagement
ceremonies, which improve interfamily connections, demonstrate goal
accomplishment. Collective rituals that strengthen community cohesion, like
group prayers, are one way that integration is demonstrated. Pattern
maintenance is accomplished by symbolic parts of rituals, such as the
application of henna, which ensures that traditional values are passed down
through generations. These results support the idea that wedding customs
serve as a means of maintaining social harmony and cultural continuity in the
globalization era.
Keywords: AGIL Theory, Cultural Identity, Marriage Traditions, Nubi
Tribe, Social Rituals
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
272
INTRODUCTION
A community's cultural identity and values are reflected in the social
institution of marriage. The Nubian people view wedding customs as ways to
preserve ancestral traditions and foster social cohesion in addition to marking
important turning points in individual lives (Starostin, 2021). The importance
of weddings in preserving the social order and cultural continuity of the
Nubian society is shown by customs like the ban on marrying non-Nubians,
the use of henna, and the symbolic act of planting trees after marriage. This
study seeks to explore how the Nubian people sustain their cultural identity
amidst such challenges, with a particular focus on their wedding practices. In
the context of globalization and external influences, understanding how this
community preserves its traditions through a value-based social structure is
crucial. One intriguing aspect of this tradition lies in how Nubians manage
their marriage customs, forming the central focus of this research. By
applying Talcott Parsons' AGIL framework, the study aims to analyze how
social structures, particularly those related to marriage, function to sustain
social and cultural stability within Nubian society (Moghazy & Kaluarachchi,
2021; Aly et al., 2023).
The Nubian community is distinguished by its unique language
(Abuoaf & Osman, 2022; Taha, 2019), culture (Saleh, 2023), and history
(Starostin, 2020; Jakobi, 2020; Wilson, 2023; Quintana, 2024). They are
descendants of the Nubian region along the Nile River, spanning present-day
Sudan and Egypt (Janmyr, 2016). Historically, the Nubians established
prominent kingdoms, such as the Nubian Kingdom, which played a
significant role in the history of ancient Egypt and North Africa (Lemos et
al., 2023). Known for their deep respect for traditions, strong kinship
systems, and reverence for cultural rituals and symbolism, the Nubians
continue to uphold many aspects of their heritage despite the influence of
globalization (Syanawi, 2023) . However, preserving the authenticity of their
culture amidst modernization and integration with global society remains a
significant challenge (Dzierzbicka & Danys, 2021; Martin et al., 2024).
One of the most important aspects of maintaining their social
cohesion is the Nubian wedding customs, which continue to be a pillar of
their cultural identity (N. M. Khalil, 2020). The marriage process is
characterized by rituals infused with profound symbolic value, such as
limitations on intermarriage with non-Nubians, engagement ceremonies,
public marriage announcements, and dowry exchanges—all of which are
fundamental parts of their social structures (Nassar, 2022; Budka et al., 2023;
Adams, 1977). Marriage is seen as a way to strengthen social cohesion within
the community rather than only as the marriage of two people. In this
context, Talcott Parsons' AGIL framework provides a pertinent lens to
examine how these traditions fulfill essential social functions, including
adaptation to modernity, achieving collective goals through marital
agreements, fostering social integration via community participation, and
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
273
ensuring cultural continuity through the intergenerational transmission of
traditional values (Rilly, 2021; Moghazy & Kaluarachchi, 2021).
This literature review examines prior studies on the Nubian
community, renowned for preserving their cultural and social traditions
despite significant external challenges. The current research positions itself at
the intersection of existing scholarship by employing Talcott Parsons' AGIL
framework to analyze marriage as a social mechanism that reinforces
cohesion, tradition, and stability in Nubian society. Unlike earlier studies that
focus on archaeology, linguistics, or ecology, this research provides a novel
perspective by exploring the sociocultural function of marriage within the
Nubian community, highlighting its critical role in navigating modernity and
globalization. Studies by Moghazy and Kaluarachchi (2021) underscore the
adaptive capacity of Nubians in Egypt’s Western Desert to environmental
challenges, emphasizing their resource management strategies in sustaining
agriculture and livelihoods. These findings align with insights from Aly et al.
(2023) and Khalil et al. (2024), who detail the community's reliance on the
Nubian aquifer as a cornerstone of social and economic stability. Meanwhile,
Rilly (2021) and Dzierzbicka and Danys (2021) explore Nubian identity
through linguistic and archaeological lenses, demonstrating how Meroitic
language and cultural artifacts reflect a history of resilience and adaptation.
These studies collectively affirm the community's ability to maintain cultural
integrity while adapting to external influences. Further dimensions of Nubian
society are explored by Gerhards (2021) and Wilson (2023), who investigate
the interplay between Christianity and political structures, revealing their
enduring impact on Nubian social and cultural patterns. Complementing this,
Stark et al. (2021) examine religious and monastic practices, showcasing their
role in ecological and social adaptation, while Schrader (2022) analyzes the
colonial legacy and its implications for Nubian social structures Łaptaś (2024)
adds depth by exploring symbolism in Nubian art and rituals, illustrating the
cultural continuity embedded within these traditions.
This study bridges historical and contemporary perspectives by
addressing a critical gap in the literature: the sociological significance of
marriage as a cultural institution within the Nubian community. It contributes
to the understanding of how traditional societies preserve their cultural
identity and social cohesion amidst external pressures, providing both
theoretical and practical insights into the mechanisms that sustain cultural
continuity. By focusing on the sociocultural function of marriage, the
research offers a fresh lens to analyze the enduring resilience of Nubian
traditions in the face of globalization.
This study seeks to address two central research questions: (1) How
do Nubian wedding practices influence the social structure and fulfill social
functions within the framework of Parsons' AGIL theory? (2) How do the
Nubian people sustain their wedding traditions while navigating social and
environmental changes, as conceptualized through the AGIL framework? By
focusing on the Nubian community, this study contributes to a deeper
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
274
understanding of how traditional societies employ cultural mechanisms to
navigate the pressures of modernity and globalization. It emphasizes the
broader implications of preserving cultural practices as a means of sustaining
social stability and resilience in the face of rapid global changes.
By shedding light on the continued significance of marriage as a social
institution, the research findings are anticipated to enhance cultural and social
anthropology, especially with regard to traditional societies in Egypt. Beyond
scholarly contributions, the results are universally relevant because they
provide useful frameworks for comprehending how indigenous traditions
around the world might be maintained and incorporated into modern social
circumstances. This study emphasizes the value of cultural heritage as a
worldwide resource, encouraging diversity appreciation and cultural
sustainability tactics in an increasingly interconnected world.
METHOD
For the purpose to find out more about the social structures and cultural
practices of the Nubi community, this study uses a library research method
to examine pertinent material. Because it gives access to a wide variety of
resources, such as books, scholarly journals, scientific papers, and historical
documents, this approach is especially appropriate. These resources provide
the theoretical interpretations necessary for a thorough analysis in addition to
empirical data. The qualitative character of the study, which focuses on Nubi
marriage customs and structural analysis utilizing Talcott Parsons' theory,
justifies the choice of the library research technique. This method makes it
possible to analyze sociological evaluations, anthropological research, and
ethnographic literature in great detail.
With the goal collect data, a methodical review of the relevant
literature is conducted using specific keywords such "traditional social
structures," "Nubi marriage practices," and "AGIL analysis in Talcott
Parsons' theory." Because of how well it retrieved and arranged a variety of
qualitative data, this approach was selected. This approach has the advantage
of being able to gather information on a wide range of topics, including social
involvement among the Nubi community, economic redistribution
mechanisms, and cultural rites.
The gathered information was grouped according to predetermined
categories, such as prohibitions on marriages with non-Nubi people,
ceremonial symbolism, wedding economics, and group community
participation. This approach guarantees a methodical and thorough
examination of the body of literature, enabling a more sophisticated
comprehension of the interaction between social structures and cultural
activities (Sciortino, 2015; Izadi et al., 2020; Sciulli, 2015; Treviño &
Staubmann, 2021).
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
275
This study employs Talcott Parsons' AGIL framework (Adaptation,
Goal Attainment, Integration, and Latency) as the primary analytical lens
(Trotsuk, 2024; Sciortino, 2015; Duhamel & Niess, 2024). The AGIL model
provides a comprehensive tool to analyze the social functions of cultural
practices, making it particularly suitable for understanding the stability and
sustainability of social structures within the Nubi community. Talcott
Parsons’ theory is chosen for its systemic approach to social analysis, which
emphasizes the interdependence of societal components in maintaining
equilibrium (Trotsuk, 2024; De Nardis, 2020; Sciulli, 2015).
The AGIL framework's focus on functional prerequisites aligns with
the study's objective to understand how Nubi marriage traditions contribute
to the social stability of the community. The AGIL framework offers a
detailed lens through which cultural practices can be linked to broader social.
Its four functional imperatives allow for an in-depth exploration of how
traditions such as marriage function within the social system dynamics
(Baranowski & Kopnina, 2022; Sciortino, 2015; Duhamel & Niess, 2024): (1)
Adaptation: Examining how Nubi society utilizes local resources and adapts
cultural practices, such as incorporating communal rituals like planting trees
and sourcing wedding materials locally. (2) Goal Attainment: Analyzing the
cultural objectives embedded in traditions, including marriage restrictions
aimed at preserving the purity of the Nubi identity. (3) Integration: Exploring
how communal rituals, such as wedding feasts and animal sacrifices, foster
social cohesion and solidarity within the community. (4) Latency (Pattern
Maintenance): Investigating how symbolic rituals, such as henna application
and knot-tying, uphold cultural values and norms that sustain the
community's identity over time. By applying the AGIL framework, the study
systematically uncovers how Nubi marriage traditions function as both
cultural symbols and mechanisms for social integration, adaptation, and value
preservation, thus contributing to the stability and continuity of the Nubi
social structure.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The findings reveal that each element of the marriage traditions within the
Nubi community not only strengthens social networks but also supports the
continuity of cultural identity amidst the challenges of globalization. This
section presents empirical data that not only corroborates established theories
but also broadens perspectives on the sociocultural significance of marriage
traditions in the Nubi community.
1. Prohibition of Marriage with Non-Nubi Individuals
Within the Nubi community in Egypt, the social tradition of
forbidding marriage with non-Nubi people serves to maintain the
continuation of practices and the purity of cultural identited (Ahmed, 2018;
Dafalla, 1975; Adams, 1977). This method works as a social mechanism to
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
276
protect the community's cultural history, language, and traditions against
outside influences while also creating internal solidarity. The community's
exclusive social structure, where kinship and familial relationships are
essential to social organization, is clearly impacted by this heritage. By
establishing a tribal-based hierarchy, this approach guarantees that the Nubi's
ideals and distinctive cultural customs be passed down to future generations
unadulterated by outside cultural influences.
The prohibition of marriage with non-Nubi individuals establishes a
robust social system that helps the community adapt to external pressures by
limiting cross-cultural unions, thereby safeguarding its cultural
distinctiveness. This tradition serves as a protective mechanism, ensuring that
external influences do not dilute the unique characteristics of Nubi heritage.
At the same time, it aligns with the community’s collective goal of preserving
its cultural legacy and perpetuating its customs across generations. By
consistently achieving this objective, the practice underscores the
community’s commitment to maintaining its identity in the face of external
challenges.
Additionally, by enhancing social ties and unity among participants,
this ban promotes internal cohesion. Kinship links are essential to the social
structure of the society, guaranteeing mutual support and shared ideals, and
it strengthens a sense of collective identity. By upholding enduring cultural
norms and values, which are essential to the continuation of Nubi identity,
the tradition also upholds the moral foundation of the community. By being
passed down through the generations, these values preserve a feeling of
historical and cultural continuity. In the end, the practice is more than just a
tradition; it is a calculated tactic for social stability and cultural sustainability.
By addressing both the external need to protect cultural distinctiveness and
the internal imperative to maintain social cohesion, the prohibition highlights
the adaptive resilience of the Nubi community, ensuring its enduring vitality
in an increasingly globalized world.
2. Engagement Ceremony
As a formal forum where the groom's family communicates their
honorable intentions to the bride's family, the engagement ceremony is
essential to traditional marital customs. This process goes beyond simple
formalities and serves as a calculated tool to improve relationships between
members of the family, foster confidence, and create draft agreements on
important marriage-related topics like the dowry and event dates. Families are
positioned as the main mediators to guarantee that the marriage process
complies with cultural norms, and the engagement ceremony serves to
support traditional bargaining frameworks within the larger social structure
(Dafalla, 1975; Nassar, 2022).
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
277
There are four key components to this event. Families' ability to
adjust to local conventions and make sure their practices meet cultural
standards is a clear example of the adaptability component. Reaching
consensus on important marital factors creates a clear framework for the
upcoming union and helps achieve the goal. The development of stronger
social ties between families, which promotes a feeling of belonging and
respect for one another, is a reflection of the integration factor. Finally,
latency is demonstrated in the preservation of traditional values, ensuring
cultural continuity and reinforcing the community’s moral and ethical
foundation. Thus, the engagement ceremony is not merely a cultural ritual; it
serves as a functional mechanism that underpins social stability and harmony.
By addressing both immediate practicalities and the broader perpetuation of
cultural heritage, this tradition plays a crucial role in maintaining the social
fabric of the community.
3. The Announcement of Marriage Approval Ceremony
In the Nubi community in Egypt, the declaration of marriage
permission is a crucial occasion that not only codifies the agreement between
families but also fulfills an important social role as a means of societal
acceptance of the marriage (Ahmed, 2009). The groom's financial and
symbolic commitment to the bride is reflected in the dowry and apparel
presented as symbols of approbation during this ritual, which validates the
relationship within the social framework of the society. The community
members' enthusiastic involvement in this event highlights the extended
family's importance in creating a sense of community and belonging. The
Nubi community promotes social cohesiveness, maintains the continuity of
customs, and gives the recently established marital relationship social validity
through this interaction.
Within the societal structure, this event serves four vital purposes.
First, the community's ability to adapt to individual needs within its traditional
structure is demonstrated by the way it modifies the dowry based on the
family's financial situation. This adaptability guarantees the continued
relevance and sustainability of traditional activities. Second, the community's
endeavor to accomplish its main aim—the formalization of a valid and
peaceful marriage—reflects goal attainment. This objective emphasizes how
crucial marriage is as the cornerstone of social structure. Third, the event is
supported by the active participation of all society levels, which promotes
social solidarity and strengthens communal cohesion. In addition to
enhancing interpersonal ties, the ceremony's group involvement preserves
common customs and values. Last but not least, symbolic actions and rituals
carried out throughout the event, such the presenting of attire and ceremonial
rites, preserve latency, or the retention of cultural patterns. By ensuring that
cultural norms and values are passed down to future generations, these
customs help to preserve the cultural history of the community. In summary,
the announcement of the marriage approval ceremony serves as a crucial
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
278
mechanism for preserving the Nubi community's social structure's stability,
continuity, and harmony in addition to being a social event.
4. The Ritual of the Elderly Woman Carrying a Woven Plate
In Nubi wedding rituals, the custom of an older woman strolling
while holding a woven plate is used to both announce the marriage to the
public and involve the larger female community in the planning process
(Ahmed, 2009). The elderly woman, who is frequently seen as a keeper of
culture and knowledge, leads the procession in this custom. As a sign of the
union and a tacit invitation for everyone in the community to participate in
the festivities, she is carrying an adorned woven plate. Women who actively
participate in the wedding preparations develop a sense of unity through this
ritual, which is essential to the social structure. It also ensures the existence
of customs that have been passed down through the ages.
This custom emphasizes how important women are to the Nubi
community, as they play a key role in upholding and passing down social and
cultural norms. Through community participation in these events, the ritual
emphasizes the dual function of continuity and adaptation. The Nubi people
continue this custom in order to preserve their cultural heritage, even in the
face of outside cultural influences. The ceremony reflects a well-planned
social event and accomplishes the shared objective of guaranteeing the
wedding's successful announcement and community involvement. This
demonstrates the achievement of group goals and the community's capacity
to maintain social cohesiveness. The ritual enhances social solidarity in terms
of integration, especially among women, who serve as a unifying factor in the
community. The ceremony upholds traditional values and emphasizes the
valued and essential role that women play in the community from the
standpoint of cultural preservation. As a result, this practice serves as a
tactical tool for upholding social and cultural order, going beyond its
ceremonial purpose. It successfully connects the past and present,
guaranteeing that customs will continue and that cultural identity will be
passed down through the generations.
5. Delivery of Household Furniture
One important symbolic part in the marriage process, specially
among the Nubi group in Egypt, is the delivered of household furniture from
the prospective husband to the bride's family (Ahmed, 2009). This custom
emphasizes the groom's economic function within the larger societal system
and shows that he is prepared to take on the duties of married life. It goes
beyond simply providing material things. This act is a crucial step in starting
a new household and socially shows the groom's dedication to upholding his
moral and material duties to the bride's family. Practically speaking, the
delivery of furniture highlights the groom's role in supplying necessary
resources and shows his readiness and flexibility in satisfying the material
demands of family formation.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
279
Moreover, this practice fosters integration by strengthening the
bonds between the families of the bride and groom. It builds trust and
reinforces social solidarity, facilitating harmonious relationships between
extended family networks. Finally, in the context of cultural continuity
(latency), the delivery of household furniture serves as a long-standing norm
passed down through generations. It preserves the social agreements and
readiness for household formation inherent in the Nubi marriage structure.
Overall, the delivery of household furniture transcends its material function,
acting as a powerful social symbol that reinforces the values and structural
integrity of the community. This tradition not only solidifies familial ties but
also perpetuates the cultural and social frameworks that define the Nubi
marriage system.
6. The Henna Night Ceremony
Within the community's social and cultural framework, the Henna
Night ceremony is crucial in Nubian marriages. Its main function as a
symbolic ceremony is to give the prospective bride blessings and well wishes
(Ahmed, 2009; Dafalla, 1975). As the ritual's keepers and practitioners, elder
women are essential to this tradition because they help the younger
generation understand the community's ideals. Their participation highlights
the critical role that women play in maintaining cultural identity while also
signifying respect for tradition and the social order. The social impact of this
ritual lies in strengthening solidarity among community members, fostering a
sense of interconnectedness through a ceremony that integrates values of
unity and blessings. The Henna Night serves as a mechanism for maintaining
the adaptive dimension of the community by aligning traditional practices
with the needs and expectations of the younger generation. The goal
attainment function is realized through the blessings imparted during the
ritual, fulfilling the social objective of ensuring prosperity and success in
marriage.
Additionally, the ritual enhances the integration of society by
reinforcing social bonds formed during the ceremony. Through the pivotal
role of women in safeguarding traditions, the practice fosters collective
participation and mutual support among community members. Lastly, the
ritual contributes to latent pattern maintenance by ensuring the
intergenerational transmission of social and cultural values associated with
marriage. This continuity safeguards the stability and cultural heritage of
Nubian society. The Henna Night ceremony is essentially more than just a
private affair for the bride; it is a communal mechanism that maintains
balance and peace in the Nubian society. Assuring the long-lasting legacy of
Nubian customs, the ceremony demonstrates the dynamic interaction
between personal experiences and group identity by fusing cultural
preservation with social cohesiveness.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
280
7. Zikir, Religious Poems, and Communal Prayers with the Extended
Family and Village Community
In the wedding traditions of the Nubi ethnic group, zikir
(remembrance of God), religious poetry, and communal prayers involving the
extended family and the local community play a vital role in granting spiritual
blessings to the bride and her family (Ahmed, 2009). These practices extend
beyond mere ritual ceremonies, embodying profound social dimensions that
strengthen the community's religious bonds. During the prayer sessions, the
entire community participates in creating an atmosphere imbued with
blessings, emphasizing the significance of spiritual relationships in social life.
Symbolically, these activities convey the community's collective blessings,
transforming marriage into not just a union of individuals but a bond between
families and society. The social impact of these gatherings underscores the
dominant role of religion in the community's social structure, fostering
emotional closeness among individuals and solidifying community solidarity.
Zikir and prayer serve societal purposes that are strongly related to
social theory's idea of integration. By encouraging interdependence between
people and groups, this process strengthens the social fabric of the
community and guarantees the upkeep of the social system. In this situation,
religion serves as an integrative mechanism that binds people together in
common goals, governs social interactions, and connects them through
common norms. Through the transmission of religious beliefs to future
generations, zikir and prayers serve to reinforce societal control throughout
latency, guaranteeing long-term stability. As a result, these occasions serve
both social purposes within the context of marriage and aid in the long-term
maintenance of the social order in the community.
8. Bathing in the Nile River
In addition to serving as a ritual act, taking a bath in the Nile River is
an important part of the local community's cultural customs and a way to
foster social cohesion (Ahmed, 2009). Through the imagined holiness of
submerging oneself in this historically significant river, individuals sense
spiritual rebirth in this activity, which socially represents profound self-
purification. As a result of the community's men's collective participation,
this activity strengthens familial bonds and forges a common identity based
on long-standing local customs. In this case, taking a dip in the Nile River is
more than just a physical custom; it is a show of unity that strengthens the
social institutions that are in place.
The adaptive function of this activity clearly demonstrates its societal
importance in preserving community stability. As the community adapts to
their surroundings and maintains a link to inherited cultural aspects, the ritual
demonstrates how they integrate with the natural environment. From the
standpoint of goal achievement, this activity acts as a means of achieving
group goals like enhancing social ties and cultivating a more expansive sense
of collective identity. It guarantees the relevance of ancient practices in
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How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
281
modern life by raising community awareness of them. This ritual's capacity to
bring people from different social backgrounds together and foster a sense
of cooperation and camaraderie among male participants exemplifies its
integrative function. Bathing in the Nile River is essential to maintaining
traditional norms and values in terms of latency or pattern preservation.
These cultural underpinnings ensure that these ideals are upheld and passed
down to future generations, making them the cornerstone of social solidarity.
This comprehensive examination underscores the multidimensional
significance of bathing in the Nile, illustrating its crucial contribution to both
the spiritual and social fabric of the community.
9. Role of Advice from Religious Teachers
Particularly for aspiring grooms, the counsel given by religious
educators is crucial in forming character and preserving religious principles
in the society (Ahmed, 2009). Providing fundamental understanding on
religious beliefs, ethics, and social obligations that are necessary for family life
is the main social purpose of such counsel. This approach fosters a deeper
sense of moral and spiritual commitments in people, going beyond simple
knowledge transfer. This advice has a significant influence on social
structures since religious instructors emphasize their importance in shaping
and guiding society life in addition to acting as spiritual mentors. By
incorporating religious principles into everyday activities, their counsel
enhances their standing as essential players in promoting social welfare. They
also play a significant role in establishing the values required for a happy
family life.
From a functionalist perspective, the adaptive function is evident in
the efforts of religious teachers to contextualize religious teachings within the
evolving social landscape. This guidance equips prospective grooms to
navigate the complexities of social dynamics through relevant religious
principles. The goal attainment function underscores how their advice helps
individuals and communities achieve social and spiritual objectives, such as
building a harmonious family (sakinah) and addressing life’s challenges with
wisdom and responsibility. The integration function highlights the role of
religious teachings as a foundation for family life, fostering solidarity among
individuals within the community and maintaining social harmony through
the application of religious principles in daily activities. The latency function
(pattern maintenance) demonstrates the essential role of religious teachers in
preserving established social and spiritual norms. They ensure that these
values are safeguarded and passed down to subsequent generations,
contributing to the continuity and stability of social structures amidst the
ongoing changes in society. Overall, the advice from religious teachers not
only reinforces social structures through spiritual development but also
ensures the preservation of social stability in the face of ever-evolving societal
transformations.
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How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
282
10. Animal Sacrifice Rituals
The symbolic ritual of animal sacrifice is ingrained in the community's
social structure (Ahmed, 2009). In addition to being an expression to thank
God, it also makes everyone happy and strengthens their bonds with one
another. This custom, which is frequently carried out at important occasions
like religious festivals or particular social gatherings, shows how deeply
community members care for one another and are connected. In addition to
its religious significance, the rite serves as a means of economic redistribution,
especially when it comes to giving out sacrificial meat to those in need. This
action fosters peaceful relationships within the community, upholds equitable
social institutions, and strengthens the values of social justice.
The ritual's importance goes beyond sharing tangible possessions
because it strengthens social and emotional ties, creating a wider solidarity
network. It performs several vital societal roles at the same time. The ritual's
adaptability is demonstrated by its capacity to provide for the material needs
of the community, especially by feeding those who are less fortunate. This
practice greatly enhances the general well-being of the community. In
addition, the ritual symbolizes the accomplishment of social and spiritual
objectives, expressing thanks as a group and strengthening horizontal
relationships between people. Additionally, animal sacrifice acts as a unifying
factor, bringing together disparate society components—such as those with
more wealth and those in need—into a unified and mutually beneficial
structure. The social fabric is strengthened by this integration, which fosters
group cohesion. The ritual is also essential for maintaining cultural customs
and standards. Values like thankfulness, solidarity, and sharing are ingrained
in this practice and have been handed down through the years as an essential
component of the community's cultural legacy. Animal sacrifice is therefore
a crucial social process as well as a religious ritual. Communities can confront
and adjust to a range of social and economic issues because it maintain
societal stability and continuity.
11. The Distribution of Food to the Poor
Food distribution to the underprivileged is a deep social practice that
highlights our shared duty for society's vulnerable populations (Ahmed,
2009). This deed is a concrete representation of equality and communal
solidarity as well as a meaningful statement of social care. In some social
settings, like wedding festivities, the act of sharing food among the bride and
groom's family expresses a sincere desire to spread joy while also
strengthening ties with the larger community. This custom creates a favorable
impression of the bride and groom's family by presenting them as leaders
who are devoted to helping the larger community in addition to being mindful
of their welfare. Food distribution serves as a potent tool for fostering justice
and balance within societal systems as well as for bolstering social networks,
making it more than merely a charitable endeavor. This practice embodies a
number of social roles that support societal stability and cohesiveness. The
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
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e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
283
way the participating families pool their resources to meet the needs of less
privileged community members demonstrates the adaptive nature of this
ritual. By doing this, they provide a material and emotional sort of comfort,
easing the financial strain on these communities.
In addition, the distribution of food symbolizes a shared desire to
promote peace and strengthen ties amongst people. This common objective
draws attention to the rituals' deeper function, which is to foster community
cohesion and wellbeing. In addition, the act facilitates the integration of
people from various social backgrounds into a single network of mutual
assistance. This inclusiveness promotes a common identity that cuts across
social barriers and fortifies group cohesion. The practice's contribution to the
preservation of fundamental cultural values is another important aspect.
Food distribution supports the moral and cultural fabric of society by
encouraging values like equality, responsibility, and mutual aid. These values
serve as a foundation for societal cohesion and cultural continuity, ensuring
that critical norms are passed down through generations. In summary,
providing food to the underprivileged has significant ramifications that go
beyond its obvious financial advantages. Social continuity, cultural stability,
and collective resilience are all facilitated by it. By tackling economic
disparities and strengthening group values, this approach maintains the fragile
balance of social structures and guarantees that links to the community are
strong and long-lasting.
12. The Implementation of the Marriage Contract Ceremony
A significant turning point in the marriage process is the
solemnization of the marriage contract, which is a formal commitment
observed by family members (Nassar, 2022; Ahmed, 2009; Dafalla, 1975).
This custom represents the validity of the marriage in social, religious, and
legal contexts. The marriage contract has deep symbolic meaning in addition
to its formal role. In addition to meeting the legal witness requirement, the
presence of extended family and relatives shows that the couple is accepted
by society as an essential member of the larger community. Furthermore, the
ceremony underscores the role of the extended family as a cornerstone in the
social structure, fostering organized intergenerational relationships and
hierarchies. In community-oriented societies, the marriage contract also
functions as a medium to strengthen collective identity and build social
cohesion through symbolic participation by community members.
The practice of the marriage contract can be analyzed through the
lens of four primary social system functions. Adaptation is evident in how
society adjusts its social mechanisms and cultural resources to meet the
formal requirements of marriage within legal and religious frameworks. Goal
attainment is reflected in the collective objective of reinforcing the family
institution and legitimizing marital relationships as a foundation for social
stability. Integration is apparent in the way the ritual brings individuals,
extended families, and communities together into a unified system of mutual
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
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e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
284
support, enhancing solidarity and interconnectedness. Finally, latency or
pattern maintenance is embodied in the preservation of traditional values,
such as respect for familial institutions, religious norms, and social
responsibilities, which form the bedrock of cultural continuity and societal
stability. Thus, the solemnization of the marriage contract is not merely a
formal event but a significant ritual that plays a critical role in reinforcing the
social and cultural order of the community.
13. The Wedding Celebration
As a communal expression of delight, the wedding celebration is an
essential component of traditional marital customs (Nassar, 2022; Ahmed,
2009; Dafalla, 1975). In addition to honoring the bride and groom's
happiness, the ceremony represents happiness for everyone, encouraging
involvement from relatives, extended family, and the community at large.
These kinds of events foster stronger social bonds throughout the
community, opening doors for more intimate social contact and group
cohesion. In addition to providing possibilities for blessing sharing through
communal dining and togetherness, the participation of multiple parties at
these events serves to further solidify the bride and groom's families' social
standing within society systems. In societies that highly value communal
bonds, wedding celebrations play a crucial role in fortifying social networks
and preserving collective values.
These events can be analyzed through four primary functions. The
aspect of adaptation is evident in the strategic management of economic and
cultural resources to organize an event that involves multiple stakeholders.
The goal attainment dimension reflects the collective objectives of
strengthening interpersonal relationships within the community and elevating
the social status of the families involved by hosting an inclusive and
meaningful event. Integration is manifested through the participation of
various social strata, fostering harmony and social solidarity via collective
involvement. Meanwhile, latency, or pattern maintenance, is realized through
the preservation of traditional values, such as respect for family, norms of
sharing happiness, and collective celebration, ensuring the continuity of the
community’s social and cultural structures. Wedding celebrations transcend
their function as mere festivities, emerging as significant social mechanisms
that enhance societal stability and integration.
14. Planting Trees Together
The symbolic and ceremonial act of planting trees together at
marriage ceremonies highlights the newlyweds' obligation to maintain the
environment and their ties to the community (Ahmed, 2009; Adams, 1977).
In terms of society, this action shows a dedication to making a lasting
difference that will improve the environment and fortify social ties. The
couple's decision to plant trees represents their shared ecological
responsibility and their desire to support environmental conservation as a
way to invest in society and culture for coming generations. Additionally,
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p-ISSN: 2086-6100
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e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
285
because it involves community participation in an event that brings the couple
and the larger society together, this activity has an integrative role. In
traditional communities, planting trees together fosters a sense of solidarity,
strengthens collective ownership of the environment, and enhances the
collective bond between the couple and the community.
The activity can be analyzed through four primary functions.
Adaptation is reflected in how the couple and the community utilize
environmental resources as symbols of their relationship while introducing
sustainable practices. Goal attainment is evident in the effort to strengthen
the couple's connection to the community and demonstrate tangible
ecological responsibility. Integration occurs as the activity serves as a meeting
point for community norms, wedding traditions, and sustainability values,
creating social harmony in the process. Lastly, latency, or pattern
maintenance, is realized through the preservation of collective values such as
environmental responsibility, social solidarity, and respect for deeply rooted
community traditions. Planting trees together transcends mere symbolism,
functioning as a mechanism to reinforce social and ecological stability within
the community. This activity integrates traditional and modern values,
encouraging long-term ecological stewardship and social cohesion.
The AGIL Function in the Sustainability of Nubi Traditions
The AGIL theoretical framework, developed by Talcott Parsons, is
employed to analyze the elements within the Nubi community, highlighting
the four essential functions that underpin social systems. According to
Parsons' AGIL theory, the Nubi society sustains its marriage traditions
through various mechanisms that fulfill four main functions: adaptation, goal
attainment, integration, and latency. An analysis of these traditions reveals
how each of these functions interrelates to ensure cultural continuity and
social stability within the community.
An example of adaptation in action is the ban on marrying non-Nubi
people, which shows how Nubi society adjusts to outside pressures that can
jeopardize their cultural identity. This restriction promotes exclusivity in
social ties, internal cohesion, and the preservation of the integrity of regional
customs and language. For example, this marriage law serves as a safeguard
against the effects of globalization in addition to influencing societal
standards. The community can preserve its cultural identity in a constantly
shifting environment thanks to the system.
In the aspect of goal attainment, traditions such as engagement
ceremonies and the announcement of marriage approval underscore the
importance of sustaining customs and building harmonious families as
collective goals. During the engagement, negotiations between the families of
the bride and groom regarding aspects such as the dowry demonstrate a
concrete effort to reach an agreement aligned with cultural norms. These
rituals reflect not only individual goals but also societal objectives, ensuring
that marriages are conducted according to tradition and contribute to
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
286
community stability. This success highlights the social function of marriage
customs as a tool for achieving social harmony.
The integration dimension is clearly reflected in collective rituals such
as the application of henna or communal dhikr. The active participation of
community members, including extended families, strengthens social
networks and fosters solidarity. Traditions like the communal bathing in the
Nile River further enhance social bonds among men within the community,
demonstrating how customary rituals act as social glue. Through this
integration, the community’s norms and values are reinforced, thereby
creating essential cohesion within the social structure of the Nubi people.
Finally, the function of cultural preservation (latency) is realized
through the symbolism and traditions passed down, such as the gifting of
clothing during marriage announcements or advice from religious teachers
(guru ngaji). These traditions ensure that noble values, such as respect for
family and spiritual beliefs, are preserved and transmitted across generations.
Rituals like planting trees together symbolize the commitment of newlywed
couples to both environmental and social sustainability, ensuring that
collective values remain an integral part of community life. By integrating
these symbols, the Nubi people ensure that societal changes do not erode
their cultural stability.
In addition to being long-standing, Nubi marriage practices are
essential for maintaining social cohesion and continuity through the four
AGIL functions. These elements are connected to one other in
complementary and interdependent ways. In order to help achieve goals, the
adaptation function makes use of local resources that embody the tribe's
identity. At the same time, integration—which involves the entire
community—is the only way to achieve these aims and guarantee that the
customs are widely accepted. In the end, these roles all cooperate to maintain
social and cultural norms through latency, which serves as the cornerstone of
the Nubi people's cultural sustainability. Together, these four roles
demonstrate how marriage customs serve as a harmonic mechanism for
preserving the Nubi community's social stability, cultural sustainability, and
sense of collective identity. Participation in these activities as a group
strengthens an egalitarian social network, guaranteeing that everyone feels
accepted and included in their social structure.
As a result of this analysis, the Nubi marriage tradition plays a central
role in preserving cultural identity and social stability. The analysis, based on
the AGIL framework, demonstrates how each function interrelates to
support the continuity of both tradition and social structure. In this context,
Parsons' theory provides a profound understanding of how traditional
societies, such as the Nubi people, maintain harmony between individuals,
communities, and the environment. Marriage traditions are not only cultural
manifestations but also the foundation that strengthens solidarity, resource
redistribution, and intergenerational continuity of values.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
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e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
287
CONCLUSION
This study found that the marriage tradition of the Nubian community in
Egypt plays a central role in preserving cultural identity, social stability, and
the continuity of traditional norms. Through the application of Talcott
Parsons' AGIL framework, the research demonstrates that the function of
adaptation is reflected in efforts to protect customs, such as the prohibition
of marriage with non-Nubians. Meanwhile, goal attainment is evident in
various rituals, such as engagements and wedding announcements, which
emphasize the importance of family and community harmony. The
integration dimension is manifested through collective activities, such as joint
prayers and the use of cultural symbols like henna, while pattern maintenance
is reinforced through rituals and values passed down across generations, such
as the role of religious teachers in guiding the community's morality.
The primary contribution of this study to the AGIL theory lies in
applying the concept of structural functionalism to explain how marriage
traditions serve as mechanisms for adaptation and stabilization within the
context of a traditional society facing globalization challenges. Unlike
previous studies that focused on linguistic or ecological aspects of the Nubian
community, this research provides a novel perspective by demonstrating how
marriage institution’s function both as tools for cultural preservation and as
a medium for social integration. This study underscores the relevance of the
AGIL framework in understanding the complex social functions in both
modern and traditional societies.
However, the study has limitations, particularly in the scope of
empirical data, which is largely based on literature analysis without direct
fieldwork through interviews or observations. Future research could expand
on this study by employing qualitative, field-based methods to explore
individual experiences of marriage traditions and analyze the dynamics of
tradition change among the younger generation of the Nubian community.
Additionally, cross-cultural studies could be conducted to compare similar
social mechanisms in other communities, thereby enriching the perspective
on the relevance of local traditions in a global context.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks are expressed to all parties involved in this research, namely research
members, discussion partners from the Egyptian tourism office Sayid Gaber,
and all parties who have helped this research either directly or indirectly. this
research is independent research without funding from any party. Difficulties
and obstacles in the research have been resolved through positive discussions
and building scientific knowledge. Research can run with the enthusiasm and
commitment of all parties to the love of science.
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e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
288
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http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
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Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya
p-ISSN: 2086-6100
Vol. 14 No. 2, July-December 2024, Page. 271-291
http://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa
e-ISSN: 2503-328X
How to Cite (in APA 7th Edition):
Wicaksono, I., alGayyar, S. S., & Hassan, A. H. M. (2024). The Role of Local Customs and
Traditions in Maintaining Social Stability: A Case Study of Nubian Weddings in Egypt.
Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, Dan Budaya, 14(2), 271–291.
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