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New Records of True Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
from Oman
Authors: Leavengood, John M., Carapezza, Attilio, and Chapman, Eric
G.
Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,
126(3) : 307-316
Published By: Entomological Society of Washington
URL: https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.126.3.307
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PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
126(3), 2024, pp. 307–316
NEW RECORDS OF TRUE BUGS (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA)
FROM OMAN
J M. L, J., A C, E G. C
(JML) United States Department of Agriculture, APHIS, PPQ, 9325 Bay
Plaza Blvd, Suite 206, Tampa, FL 33619 USA (e-mail: John.M.Leavengood@
usda.gov, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-455X); (AC) University of Palermo;
corresponding address: via Sandro Botticelli 15, 90144 Palermo, Italy
(e-mail: attilio.carapezza@unipa.it); and (EGC) University of Kentucky,
Department of Entomology, Agricultural Science Center Building – North,
Lexington, KY 40546-0091 (e-mail: ericgchapman@gmail.com, https://orcid.
org/0000-0003-3464-3074)
Abstract.—New country records from Oman are added to the known distributions
of Byrsinus pilosulus (Klug, 1845) (Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae), Sciocoris longiscu-
tum Wagner, 1965 (Pentatomoidea: Pentatomidae), Spilostethus furcula (Herrich-
Schaeffer, 1850) (Lygaeoidea: Lygaeidae), Horridipamera inconspicua (Dallas,
1852) (Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae) and Stenolemus novaki Horváth, 1888
(Reduviidae). The presence of Coridius viduatus (Fabricius, 1794) (Pentatomoidea:
Dinodoridae) in Oman is conrmed.
Key Words: Arabian Peninsula, distribution, tomato pest, black watermelon bug,
seed bug
DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.126.3.307
Recent collecting (2016−2017) in Oman
by author EGC produced the discovery of
ve unreported (even if widely distributed
and/or otherwise well known) and one
conrmed species representing several
families of true bugs, most of which con-
tain numerous agricultural pests.
The climate and terrain of Oman and
surrounding countries pose many chal-
lenges to the fauna inhabiting them. To
survive in the extreme conditions of
deserts, insects have evolved a number of
specialized behavioral, ecological, mor-
phological, and physiological adaptations
(Korotyaev et al. 2017). In order to bet-
ter dene the identity of the fauna living
in the harsh environmental conditions of
this region, traditionally regarded as the
southernmost subdivision of the Palearctic
(Wallace 1876, Lomolino et al. 2010),
there have been several proposals regard-
ing it as a separate biogeographic entity.
Soultan et al. (2020) introduced a new
zoogeographical area, the Afro-Arabian
realm, consisting of Mediterranean and
Sahel North Africa, Ethiopian high-
lands, and Arabian Peninsula. Holt et al.
(2013), by combining data on the distri-
bution and phylogenetic relationships of
more than 21,000 species of amphibians,
birds, and mammals, presented a new
global map of zoogeographic regions in
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308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
which traditional transition areas such as
the Saharo-Arabian region were raised
to autonomous realms. Neither of these
two proposals however has been widely
accepted.
The present knowledge of the Hete-
roptera living in the Arabian Peninsula is
uneven. The faunas of three of the seven
countries may be regarded as rather well
known and for them comprehensive papers
are available: Saudi Arabia (Linnavuori
1986), United Arab Emirates (Linnavuori
et al. 2011, 2014a, 2014b; Balvín et al.
2014; Carapezza et al. 2014, 2017; Moulet
et al. 2014), and Yemen, including Socotra
(Linnavuori 1989; Linnavuori and van
Harten 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006;
Kment and Carapezza 2022). For the
rest of the countries, including Oman,
the knowledge is scant and based only
on scattered papers. Most of the reliable
records from each country were recorded
in the six volumes of the Catalogue of the
Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region by
Aukema and Rieger (1995, 1996, 1999,
2001, 2006). The online edition of the
Catalogue (Aukema 2018) indicates the
following number of species for each
country of the Arabian Peninsula: Arab
Emirates 183 spp.; Bahrain 2 spp.; Kuwait
74 spp.; Oman 51 spp.; Qatar 6 spp.; Saudi
Arabia 523 spp.; Socotra 27 spp.; Yemen
736 spp.
The following contribution of new dis-
tributional records is a small step towards
a comprehensive faunal inventory of the
true bugs of Oman (Carapezza unpubl.).
Given that so many records were discov-
ered from such limited collecting efforts
and so few collected specimens, the
results herein are illustrative of how much
remains to be discovered in Oman.
M M
As part of a survey of predators of
the Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus de
Bergevin: Tropiduchidae), a hemipteran
pest in date palm plantations in north-
ern Oman, Malaise traps were set up at
one plantation in the Fall of 2016 and
Spring of 2017 by EGC, aided by EGC’s
collaborators at the Oman Ministry of
Agriculture and Fisheries. Specimens
for the current paper were taken from
trap residues. The collecting site was
located at an elevation of about 780 m in
a mountainous area approximately 70 km
SSW of Muscat. These mountains gener-
ally consist of rocky soils largely devoid
of vegetation except for the hardiest of
desert plants. Date palm plantations, pep-
pered throughout these mountains, are
the only patches with signicant vegeta-
tion, because they require irrigation from
groundwater resources. These plantations
are small oases in an otherwise extremely
dry, rocky environment.
Label and repository data are given
for all new country records. Label data are
presented by country (then department/
province, city, site, method, etc.), date
(day-month-year as 1-II-1903), collec-
tor(s), and number of specimens in the
depository. Once standardized, label data
are recorded verbatim and presented below
under “Specimens Examined.” When pos-
sible, specimens per depository are sepa-
rated by sex. Vouchers reported herein are
deposited in the following collections: ACPI
(Attilio Carapezza collection, Palermo,
Italy), JMLC (John M. Leavengood, Jr.
collection, Brandon, Florida), and NMNH
(National Museum of Natural History,
Washington, D. C.).
Specimens were photographed with a
Nikon Digital Sight DS-Fi2 imaging sys-
tem mounted on a Nikon SMZ-18 ster-
eomicroscope. Photograph layers were
stacked using Helicon Focus 6 (www.
heliconsoft.com/heliconsoftproducts/
helicon-focus) and edited using Adobe
Photoshop Elements 12 Editor (https://
www.adobe.com/products/photoshop-
elements.html).
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VOLUME 126, NUMBER 3 309
R D
Spilostethus furcula (Herrich-Schaeffer,
1850) (Lygaeoidea: Lygaeidae)
(Fig. 1)
Diagnosis.—Easily distinguished from
congeners by the following combination
of characters: scutellum apically red,
outer margin of hemelytra partially red,
black spot on corium triangular, mem-
brane unicolorous.
Remarks.—Spilostethus furcula is
associated with wild and cultivated
Malvaceae and Solanaceae. A recent
report from Italy included direct obser-
vation of feeding behavior on tomatoes
(Solanum lycopersicum, cultivar “polli-
cino”) (Dioli et al. 2019). Additional host
associations, biology and descriptions of
the nymphs are available in Slater and
Sperry (1973), Vivas (2012), and Sweet
(2000).
Figs. 1–8. 1, Spilostethus furcula (Herrich−Schaeffer, 1850). 2−4, Byrsinus pilosulus (Klug, 1845). 5−6,
Coridius viduatus (Fabricius, 1794). 7−8, Sciocoris longiscutum Wagner, 1965.
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310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Distribution.—Previously known from
the whole Afrotropical Region (Slater
1964, Péricart 2001, Agboton et al. 2014),
Algeria (Péricart 2001), France (Piednoir
et al. 2019), Greece (Piednoir et al. 2019,
van der Heyden 2019), Iran (Ghahari and
Moulet 2012), Israel (Péricart 2001), Italy
(Dioli et al. 2019, Piednoir et al. 2019),
Libya (van der Heyden 2022), Malta (van
der Heyden 2021), Morocco (Lindberg
1932, Péricart, 2001), Saudi Arabia
(Péricart 2001), Spain (Slater 1964, Ribes
1978, Péricart 2001), Tunisia (Piednoir
et al. 2019), and Yemen (Péricart 2001).
Oman is a new country record.
Specimens Examined (4).—OMAN:
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02’35.2” N 57°57’39.2” E,
Malaise trap, 27-II-13-III-2017, Coll: E.
G. Chapman (JMLC, 1 ♂, 1 ♀; NMNH,
1 ♂, 1 ♀).
Horridipamera inconspicua (Dallas, 1852)
(Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae)
(Figs. 9–11)
Diagnosis.—Males with a distinct
median spine in fore tibiae; hemelytra not
pilose, without conspicuous long and erect
setae; scutellum with a pair of oblique
brown stripes; punctures on pale macula
before dark apex of corium dark, of the
same color as other punctures on corium;
and a somewhat angulate sclerotized out-
growth present on proximal part of ejacu-
latory duct (Slater and Zheng 1984).
Remarks.—Little is known about the
biology of Horridipamera inconspicua.
It was observed in “early successional
disturbed grassland mixed with Euphor-
biaceae weeds” and nothing is known
of specic host plants (Matsunaga et al.
2019). However, given their observations,
Slater and Zheng (1984) doubted that it is
a grass-feeder.
Distribution.—Previously known from
much of the Afrotropical Region (South
Africa and Madagascar to Senegal and
Sudan) and the Indomalayan Region
(India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, China,
Japan and Korea) (Slater and Zheng
1984, Ryu et al. 2021). Linnavuori and
van Harten (2006) added Yemen and
Matsunaga et al. (2019) recorded it from
Hawaii. Oman is a new country record.
Specimens Examined (1).—OMAN:
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02’35.2” N 57°57’39.2” E,
Malaise trap 2-7-XI-2016, EG Chapman &
A Al Busadi (JMLC, 1 ♀).
Byrsinus pilosulus (Klug, 1845)
(Pentatomoidea: Cydnidae)
(Figs. 2–4)
Diagnosis.—Body uniformly castane-
ous to brownish black, 3.3−4.1 mm long;
clypeus with two long hair-like setae,
mandibular plates dorsally densely punc-
tured and submarginally provided with
6−9 short peg-like setae and 2−7 hair-
like setae; ocular index 2.6−3.5; lateral
margins of pronotum submarginally with
18−29 setigerous punctures; scutellum
and corium without setae, only costa with
11−25 setigerous punctures; peritreme
auricle lobe-like; paramere with two teeth
on inner margin and apically with numer-
ous long setae (Lis 1993).
Remarks.—The species inhabits dry
areas where it feeds on roots in sandy and
salty soils; it lives in the upper layers of
the ground, never deeper than about 5
cm (Lindberg 1953, Wagner 1965, Bolu
2020).
Distribution.—Previously known from
Afghanistan, Algeria, Bulgaria, Canary
Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Egypt,
France, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Italy, Libya, Madeira, Malta, Mauretania,
Morocco, Pakistan, Romania, Saudi
Arabia, Serbia, Socotra, Spain, Sudan,
Syria, Tadzhikistan, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Yemen
(Lis 1999, 2006; Protić 2007; Aukema
et al. 2013). Oman is a new country record.
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VOLUME 126, NUMBER 3 311
Specimens Examined (1).—OMAN:
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02’35.2” N 57°57’39.2” E,
Malaise trap 2-7-XI-2016, EG Chapman &
A Al Busadi (JMLC, 1 ♀).
Coridius viduatus (Fabricius, 1794) (Pentato-
moidea: Dinodoridae)
(Figs. 5, 6)
Diagnosis.—The parameres of C. vid-
uatus are the most distinctive among
the species of the genus. Despite much
intraspecic variation, they consistently
have a distinct insinuation along inner
margin and the long setae restricted to the
‘apical lobe,’ as termed by Durai (1987).
Other members of the genus have more
extensive coverage of setae basal to the
apical lobe, and/or nearly always have
much shorter setae on the parameres.
Remarks.—Known as the black water-
melon bug, this is one of the most serious
pests of cultivated Cucurbitaceae, such as
watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Matsum.
and Nakai), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.),
squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium
Figs. 9–14. 9−11, Horridipamera inconspicua (Dallas, 1852). 12−14, Stenolemus novaki Horváth, 1888.
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312 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
(L.)), and bottle gourd (Lagenaria sicer-
aria (Molina) Stadl.). In wild desert areas
of the Middle East, it feeds on Citrullus
colocynthis (L.) (Derjanschi and Pericart
2005). The most thorough taxonomic
treatment of the genus Coridius is found
in Durai (1987).
Distribution.—Previously known from
Angola, Benin, Ivory Coast, Nigeria,
Niger, Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic
Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire),
Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Iran,
Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Lybia,
Mozambique, Namibia, Oman, Republic
of Congo, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Syria,
Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, Turkey,
Uganda, Yemen (including Socotra),
Zambia, Zanzibar, and Zimbabwe (Durai
1987, Derjanschi and Péricart 2005,
Robertson 2009, Aukema 2018). Its pres-
ence in Oman is conrmed here.
Specimens Examined (15).—OMAN:
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02’35.2” N 57°57’39.2”
E, Malaise trap 27-II-13-III-2017, Coll:
E. G. Chapman (JMLC, 4 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀);
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02.627’ N 57°57.684’ E,
13-III-2017, EG Chapman (JMLC, 1 ♀);
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02’35.2” N 57°57’39.2” E,
Malaise trap 7-14-XI-2016, EG Chapman &
A Al Busadi (JMLC, 1 ♂).
Sciocoris (Neosciocoris) longiscutum
Wagner, 1965 (Pentatomoidea: Pentatomidae)
(Figs. 7, 8)
Diagnosis.—Sciocoris longiscutum
be longs to the maculatus group of the sub-
genus Neosciocoris Wagner. It can be dis-
tinguished from the other species of the
group by the length of the 2nd antenno-
mere (1.5x longer than the 3rd and longer
than the 4th), the medially bulged poste-
rior margin of the 7th sternite of males,
the unusually large and long, slender scute-
llum, and the morphology of male genita-
lia (Wagner 1965).
Remarks.—Nothing is known on the
biology of S. longiscutum.
Distribution.—Previously known from
Cape Verde Islands, Chad, and Sudan
(Wagner 1965, Linnavuori 1975). Oman
is a new country record.
Specimens Examined (2).—OMAN:
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02’35.2” N 57°57’39.2” E,
Malaise trap 7-14-XI-2016, EG Chapman &
A Al Busadi (ACPI, 2 ♀♀).
Stenolemus novaki Horváth, 1888
(Reduviidae)
(Figs. 12–14)
Diagnosis.—Stenolemus novaki is dis-
tinguished from congeners by the follow-
ing combination of characters: peduncle
much shorter than anterior part of prono-
tum, body length less than 9.0 mm, small
eyes (0.23–0.43 times as wide as interocu-
lar space, vertical diameter 0.4–0.6 times
as long as head height), and margins of
connexival segments with 3−4 angular or
spinose protrusions (Putshkov and Moulet
2010).
Remarks.—Xerothermic predator col-
lected in twigs and branches of pine or
oak branches lying on the ground, but also
in mosses, herbs, under stones or among
dead leaves under various plants, such as
Salicornia sp. (Amaranthaceae), Satureja
montana L. (Lamiaceae), Suaeda pru-
inosa Lange (Amaranthaceae) and Thymus
vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) (Putshkov and
Moulet 2010, Moulet et al. 2014). In the
UAE it was collected by water pan traps in
a littoral area (Linnavuori 1986, Putshkov
and Moulet 2010, Moulet et al. 2014).
Distribution.—Previously known from
Bulgaria, Canary Islands, Croatia, Egypt,
France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Mace-
donia, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain,
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VOLUME 126, NUMBER 3 313
Sudan, Turkey and United Arab Emirates
(Putshkov and Putshkov 1996, Moulet
et al. 2014, Simov et al. 2017, Aukema 2018,
Najmeh et al. 2020, Grosso-Silva and
Ferreira 2020). Oman is a new country
record.
Specimens Examined (1).—OMAN:
Al Dakhiliyah, Samail Al Ayainah/Said
Al Rawahi, 23°02’35.2” N 57°57’39.2” E,
Malaise trap 2-7-XI-2016, EG Chapman
& A Al Busadi (ACPI, 1 ♂).
A
We thank the Research Council of
Oman for facilitating the Dubas bug preda-
tor study (contract number TRC/SRG/DB/
13/005), as well as Anwar Yousuf Al-Busaidi
and Mohammed Salim Al-Au of the
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
of Oman and Matthew Savage of the
University of Kentucky (former graduate
student) for assistance in the eld. Our
appreciation extends to Dr. John Obrycki
(University of Kentucky, retired) for over-
seeing the grant which nanced EGC’s
eld work in Oman. We also thank the
rst author’s supervisors Kevin Johns
and Andre McCarroll (Tampa, Florida,
USDA-APHIS-PPQ) for their continued
support of work to expand our worldwide
knowledge of plant pests. We are also
grateful to Elöd Kondorosy (University of
Pannonia, Hungary) for guidance with the
literature and conrmation of the identity
of Horridipamera inconspicua (Dallas),
and Petr Kment (National Museum,
Praha, Czech Republic) for his invaluable
help in connecting the authors and facili-
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