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The influence of perceived music quality, atmosphere and place on music festival visitors' behavioural intentions: satisfaction and subjective well-being’s mediating roles
Abstract
Purpose
This research investigates the effect of festival attributes such as music quality, atmosphere and place on music festival visitors' behavioural intentions, particularly focusing on how visitors’ satisfaction and their subjective well-being mediate these relationships.
Design/methodology/approach
This research was designed as quantitative research to reveal the relationships between music quality, place and atmosphere with visitors' behavioural intentions. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relationships between the constructs using data from 256 festival attendees in Edirne.
Findings
The results reveal that perceived music quality and atmosphere significantly enhance visitors’ satisfaction, which in turn positively impacts word-of-mouth intention and subjective well-being. Moreover, subjective well-being positively and significantly affects visitors' revisit intentions. Finally, visitors’ satisfaction mediates the relationship between perceived music quality and word-of-mouth intention.
Originality/value
It is one of the first studies to investigate the mediating effects of visitor satisfaction and subjective well-being on the relationships between perceived music quality, atmosphere, place and the behavioural intentions of music festival attendees. Furthermore, the present study provides not only empirical support for the theoretical frameworks but also offers practical insights for festival organizers on enhancing visitor experiences to improve behavioural outcomes.
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Using a critical literature review approach, this paper examines the role of rural Western classical music festivals in increasing social sustainability. The study reviews and bridges gaps in research on the specific genre of classical music festivals. It identifies that there have been no studies on the specific topic of rural classical music festivals and their social impacts. However, the study identifies and codes three key topics crucial to fostering social sustainability in the context of rural music festivals: community resilience, community resourcefulness, and inhabitants' well-being. Furthermore, this research presents a self-reinforcing cycle among community resilience, resourcefulness, and well-being, and offers a model for future research. By employing a robust methodology, analyzing diverse sources, and offering fresh perspectives on social sustainability, this manuscript seeks to contribute to the fields of Geography, Tourism, Event Management, and the Sociology of Music. It also aims to promote a deeper sociological and geographical understanding of the role of classical music festivals in rural communities for policymakers, community leaders, and event managers who are seeking to promote socially sustainable development in their communities.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the motivations behind visiting music performers’ attendance at a music festival in the context of a rural Japanese island and how these motivations are connected to community revitalization within the framework of social exchange theory.
Design/methodology/approach
Participant observation and 20 in-depth semi structured interviews were conducted with the visiting musicians at the Kurahashi East-West Music Festival on Kurahashi-jima in Hiroshima Prefecture. A qualitative analysis approach using thematic coding, grounded in social exchange theory, was employed to examine the perspectives of the participants.
Findings
The findings identified seven key themes related to motivation: performing and interacting with fellow musicians, for leisure performing or “fun”, providing a cultural experience to the community, participating for tourism purposes, because of sense of belonging to the destination, to collaborate with a prominent musician, and loyalty and commitment to a performance group. The results demonstrated that leisure performance and musician interaction were the most dominant themes in terms of motivation, while the importance of the other themes varied.
Originality/value
By employing social exchange theory at a micro-level, this study delved deeper into the motivations perceived by visiting performing musicians at music festivals and their implications for community revitalization. The insights gained from this research provide valuable implications for festival organizers, performers and community leaders to tailor music festivals for community revitalization.
The study aimed to analyze relationship factors affecting revisit intention in music industries in particular music industries in major cities of Indonesia. The substance variables were core service quality and peripheral service quality. The intermediary variables involved were appraisal emotion and perceived value. Structural equation model analysis was developed involving more than dozens of music event organizers in major cities of Indonesia. The results of this study showed that the data supports the phenomenon and the literature that had been built. Appraisal emotion had a positive influence on perceived value. The results of this study showed that the data supports the phenomenon and the literature that had been built. This proved that the sense of pleasure that arises from good customer service and music performances, as well as music performances that could fulfill a person's emotional desires and needs for music festivals, were able to create value felt by visitors to the music festival itself. Core service quality had a positive influence on appraisal emotion with a t-value of 1.85.
Food has become a crucial factor in attracting tourists to destinations. Providing tourists with satisfying food experiences has become a significant concern for tourist destinations. This study examines how tourists' food experiences contribute to their subjective well-being. After conducting a questionnaire survey of 360 tourists who experienced Zibo barbecue food, and analyzing the data using structural equation modeling, it was found that: tourists' food sensory experience, service experience, and environmental experience positively affect their satisfaction and subjective well-being; The effect of these experiences on tourists' satisfaction is mediated by tourist attitude; Tourist attitude and satisfaction play a chain mediating role in the effect of sensory experience, service experience, and environmental experience on tourists' subjective well-being. The research findings help to deepen the understanding of the relationship between food tourism experience and subjective well-being, enrich the theoretical research on food experience and tourists' well-being, and have insightful significance for the development and construction of other tourist destinations.
Remanufacturing is gaining attention as one of the methods for achieving the circular business model. The present study explored the direct predicting factors and also determined the mediating factors of remanufactured product buying intention in Malaysia. This quantitative study adopted the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) theory as the underpinning theory for extracting construct in the conceptual framework and through literature review, the hypothesis was drawn. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 436 Malaysian respondents in a pur-posive sampling method. The collected data were analyzed by applying PLS-SEM using SmartPLS software version 3.0. The empirical results identify that basic TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) and extended constructs (envi-ronmental concern, ecological consciousness, and functional values) significantly affect the behavioral intention of buying remanufactured products. This study results also confirmed that all mediators mediate the association among respective mediation except mediation of subjective norm between the association ecological consciousness and buying intention. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of environmentally conscious consumer behavior with the successful integration of SOR-TPB theory by demonstrating that the relationship between ecological consciousness and intent to purchase is mediated by functional values and attitude. The findings of this study emphasize the need for collaboration between the Malaysian government, remanufacturers, and marketing managers to enhance the image of remanufactured goods and address consumer misconceptions, fostering a positive disposition towards purchasing these products and suggesting potential strategies , such as celebrity endorsements and expanded distribution channels, to boost demand in the market.
Concerned about balancing issues of global warming and economic growth, the growing needs of energy consumption in contexts with limited production and resources have created a serious challenge for developing countries like Pakistan. Research approaches that focus mainly on the production or purchase of environmentally friendly products or assessment of the stance of employees and households are not seen as sufficient to present the full picture of any society regarding energy saving behaviors (ESB). The attitudes and behaviors of the student population have generally not been sufficiently presented in energy saving studies to reflect current or emerging realities. Two leading behavioral theories, stimulus-organism-response theory (SOR) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and their relevant variables are integrated in this study to unpack the ESB of university-going students in Pakistan. Through an online survey, 410 university students from the four main urban cities of Pakistan participated in the study. The findings revealed that media and organizational climate have significantly created both a sense of social pressure and responsibility among students to cultivate stronger intentions and actions toward saving energy. The results further indicated that these behavioral intentions do indeed have a strong impact on students reported ESB. Overall, the students appeared to have been effectively influenced to be more active in saving energy for their society and country. The findings also validate the selected energy-related constructs and predictive paths in the proposed integrated SOR and TPB model. This study shows the potential for the further testing and application of the variables and this model in other contexts with other populations as the world grapples with energy shortages and global climate change issues.
Purpose
India has a marvelous distinction of hosting religious and cultural extravaganzas on an enormous scale, keeping in with its rich lineage and civilizational assortment. The philosophical threads of such festivals are eventually subjective well-being and spiritual awakening. In this context, the authors examine how the visitors' festival motivation culminates in life satisfaction and subjective well-being.
Design/methodology/approach
The study follows a theory-driven deductive approach to test the construed relationships. The data were collected from the sites of religious fiesta when the participants were immersed in their cultural fervor. The study uses structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized model.
Findings
The study finds that place attachment and life satisfaction empirically mediate the relationship between festival motivation and subjective well-being. However, the relationship between place attachment and subjective well-being is not empirically strong when life satisfaction mediates their relationship.
Research limitations/implications
The study is based on a convenience sample and is limited to the visitors of local religious festivals. Future research must verify the suitability of the model in other types of festivals of other religions and different locations. Also, this research deliberates on the relationship between only four variables. Future researchers could discuss other variables such as authenticity, emotional solidarity, festival images, festival values, religious faith, etc. to develop a more robust model to explain the relationship between festival motivation and subjective well-being.
Practical implications
In India regardless of social strata, people are religiously conscious and inclined toward attending publicly celebrated religious festivals. The scale of these festivals is significant and given the scenario, the local Government has to join hands with the temple administration, local people and visitors to reap the full benefits of the festival. These temple festivals not only foster coordination and involvement among various stakeholders, but also invoke the devotion of the people to jointly organize the celebrations.
Social implications
As some of the religious festivals go beyond caste, creed and nationality, the celebrations should evolve as multi-cultural mass events uniting the societal cohesiveness, spirit and national culture. The variables chosen and results found in this study will surely support publicizing the significance of religious festivals in the region and provide an idea to the organizers and supporters to develop new strategies to promote similar events.
Originality/value
The results claim several implications for theory and practice. Theoretically, the study contributes to the literature on religious tourism and event management. Practically, the study discussions indicate the importance of disseminating the significance of religious festivals as a platform for local tourist attractions to generate social, cultural and economic benefits.
The purpose of this research is to get a better understanding of the impact of the Stockholm Fire Festival on the cultural integration of immigrant communities, and particularly its impact on the sociocultural integration of individual participants into Swedish society. The methodological approach is mixed-methods, consisting of participant observation, and a selected part of the data from 280 completed surveys based on answers to open-ended and closed-ended questions. The results indicate that participation in the festival and its celebration have a positive impact at the macro and ethnic community levels in terms of recognition of the festival by the host society, and thereby cultural integration, identity and inclusion of the ethnic community in the entire society. However, the results do not support the idea that participation in this festival has a positive impact on the sociocultural integration of the individual participants into society. Sociocultural integration presupposes intercultural encounters between immigrant individuals, between them and other ethnic groups (including the natives). It is evident that this festival cannot create such a platform for individual participants. This research contributes to the existing body of research on immigrant-oriented festivals in Western societies and strengthens the debates on migration, inclusion, integration, multiculturalism and interculturalism.
This study aims to fill the salient gap in the area of museums' atmospheric elements by examining their effect on the Egyptian visitors' behavioral outcomes and the resulting effect on their intention to revisit the museum. An online questionnaire was distributed to a convenient sample of the Egyptian museums' visitors (346 respondents) to gather and analyze primary data along with analyzing the secondary data (literature). The results confirmed that museum's atmospheric elements have a positive and significant effect on the visitors' experiences. This resulted in positive behavioral outcomes that consequently affected the Egyptian visitors' intention to revisit the museum. This study investigates the importance of taking the physical design and atmospheric elements into consideration by the museum curators and managers, especially during the current phase in Egypt where various museum renewals and constructions are being held.
This study aims to examine how young peoples’ participation in a local youth music festival may effect their subjective well-being. In more detail, this study attempts to examine the relations between the festival features, the feelings young people develop, social identification and subjective well-being in young people’s participation in music festivals. The research was conducted in Eskisehir, Turkey. The sample population consisted of individuals participated in youth music festival EskiFest. The questionnaire forms were randomly handed out at the exit of the festival area to potential respondents and collected back after completion. Consequently, a total of 398 usable questionnaires were included in the analysis. The results confirm that festival characteristics as music quality, places and atmosphere, information and facilities are effective in creating positive emotions and social identity formation which consequently effects subjective well-being of young people. The results of the study will assist to the festival organizers in developing strategies for better quality organization of the festivals and increasing the satisfaction of the young participants by understanding their emotions.
While there is a large body of literature on revisit intention to festivals, there is surprisingly little knowledge about it in the context of the Arab world. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework that focuses on the relationship between festival attachment and revisit intentions to festivals. The concept of festival attachment in the current research is borrowed from the concept of place attachment, referring to the same bonds that form between tourists and a tourist place that can also be developed or forged between tourists and a festival. Tourists have an opportunity to develop self-identification with festivals, create affective bonds with them, satisfy and meet their needs through specific facilities or attributes of festivals, and form social bonds with other tourists visiting them, just as they would at a tourist place. All of these aspects together represent what we call attachment to a festival or festival attachment. Based on extensive literature review, the researchers proposed that festival attachment is a multidimensional construct that comprises four dimensions: festival identity, festival affect, festival dependence, and social bonding. The current proposed model will be empirically tested in the context of Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts in Jordan from the perspective of Arab tourists. The findings of this research are expected to broaden the scope of the existing literature on place attachment by introducing important insights from festival settings and its relationship with revisit intention, as well as adding new insights about the Arab tourists' attachment to cultural festivals and their revisit intentions to these festivals.
Although festival tourism is an excellent fertile ground for improving individual emotions, few studies have been conducted on the influencing factors and formation mechanisms of festival tourists’ subjective well-being. To address the current research gap, this paper draws on Arnold’ s theory of emotion to examine a comprehensive formation model of tourists’ subjective well-being. The findings from 581 samples indicate that event design innovation, cultural innovation and aesthetic innovation of festival tourism are positive stimulus factors of tourists’ subjective well-being. Both experience quality and perceived festival value mediate the effects of cultural innovation and aesthetic innovation on subjective well-being, yet have no mediating effect on the relationship between event design innovation and well-being. However, it can only be achieved when festival authenticity contributes to a positive moderating effect. This study provides new ideas for the collaborative advancement of innovative development and authentic inheritance in festival tourism destinations.
This research targets two very important objectives. First, it exploits the similarity structure of the theory of planned behavior, expectancy confirmation theory and the stimulus-organism-response (S-OR) model, in broadening the social-psychological context in the use of the SO -R model, and which renders the model being capable of embracing a broad-based, strategically competitive structure of business competition that centralizes on marketing mix strategy, customer value proposition and customer attitude. Second, through both explorative and explanatory efforts of an action learning and PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) approach to business research, a SO -R model, that is capable of explaining of the smartphone consumer behaviors, is corroborated, which highlights significant roles played by business model structure of variables, and organism variables constituting brand trust, customer satisfaction and brand equity, in explaining the variance of customer loyalty. Customer switching cost, which is a direct result of perceived customer value, is also shown to influence brand trust, significantly.
Common method bias can appear when both the independent and dependent variable is captured by the same response method. While the consequences of common method bias can be detrimental to a study's validity, they are, as the authors empirically show, often neglected in tourism research. The authors provide a comprehensive discussion of sources of common method bias, as well as methods to identify and control for it. They structure these controls and critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. The authors develop a decision tree that features recommendations for choosing appropriate procedural and statistical controls. By doing so, they hope to spur recognition of the threat of common method bias and active management thereof in future tourism research.
This study aims to determine how festivalscape components (i.e., the festival program, staff, information, and atmosphere) affect the positive and negative emotions of festivalgoers. It also examines the impact of visitors’ emotions on their satisfaction. Moreover, it explores the influence of participants’ satisfaction on their behavioral intention. To test the research hypotheses, a quantitative approach, with a sample of 300 Tunisian who have attended the International Festival of Carthage, was conducted. The analytical packages (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses) confirmed most of the research hypotheses. The empirical results indicated that the festival information, program, atmosphere and staff are crucial predictors of festivalgoers’ emotions. Furthermore, positive and negative emotions seem to predict satisfaction, which in turn is a determinant of tourists’ behavior and also influences their intention to revisit and recommend the festival to others. Theoretical and managerial contributions, limitations, and further research directions are given.
Taking stimuli-organism-response theory as a conceptual framework,
this study advances theoretical understanding of the honeymoon tourism
experience (HTE) by examining its empirical linkages with key constructs
underlying the wider nomological network within which it is situated,
including perceived destination attributes (PDAs), memorable tourism
experiences (MTEs), emotions, overall satisfaction, and behavioral
intentions. We adopted a sequential mixed-methods approach, in which
a qualitative phase was followed by a quantitative phase of data
collection and analysis (Study 1, n =117; Study 2, n =306). The results
of partial least square path modeling revealed how PDAs drive
honeymooners’ emotions and MTEs. Honeymooners’ emotions and MTEs
were found to significantly influence their overall satisfaction, which
further influenced their behavioral intentions. Mediation analysis
highlighted emotions, MTEs, and overall satisfaction as significant
mediators, suggesting their pertinence as factors in HTE. This study
contributes to the literature by developing and testing a theoretically
holistic model underlying HTE.
Purpose
Festivals are becoming a growing commodity for countries keen to increase their portfolio of tourist attractions. The benefits experienced by the local community and the visitors at festivals are multi-faceted. However, existing tourism research has primarily focussed on the value of the event in terms of customer satisfaction. It has yet to explicitly identify the affect music festivals have on individuals' well-being. This study aims to investigate the effect of music festival unique attributes on visitors' satisfaction levels and how it influences individuals' well-being.
Design/methodology/approach
A paper-based questionnaire was distributed to participants visiting the Miri Country Music Festival (MCMF) in Malaysia, and partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis.
Findings
The results from 288 respondents revealed that the festival programme was the main attribute in influencing one's satisfaction to a festival, which in turn improved one's subjective well-being. The other attributes that influence an individual's satisfaction in a music festival include food, information services and festival value.
Originality/value
This study advances the body of knowledge by integrating the self-determination theory and the environmental psychology theory as the bases that a music festival potentially provides an engaging environment that is conducive for positive well-being among the participants. This is the first study that confirms the influence of the different predictors on the perceived value of MCMF, proposing a model in developing a better understanding of the participants' well-being.
The rapid advancement of smart tourism technology brings new opportunities for tourism development. More travel destinations are relying on smart technology to attract more tourists to visit and enrich their travel experience. The main purpose of this study was to explore whether tourists are satisfied with their smart tourism technology experience (i.e., informativeness, accessibility, interactivity, personalization, and security). This study also investigated the impact of smart tourism technology experience on tourists’ happiness and revisit intention. This study used a structural equation method to find the relationship among smart tourism technology attributes, travel satisfaction, happiness, and revisit intention. Surveys of a total of 527 participants who traveled to Macau from Mainland China were used for the analysis. The results showed that accessibility is the most important factor affecting the smart tourism technology experience and personalization the least. Smart tourism technology experience is shown to be significantly associated with travel experience satisfaction, and travel experience satisfaction has a positive effect on both tourists’ happiness and revisit intention. Finally, tourist happiness is also shown to be positively associated with revisit intention. This study provides theoretical and practical significance for the development of smart tourism in the future.
A number of studies have been conducted to examine the attractiveness of tourism destinations. However, there has been little research done on festival attractiveness nor on its impact on destination loyalty. This study employed a mixed method approach to investigate the festivals in Guangzhou city, China. Firstly, through a qualitative method, the four dimensions of festival attractiveness were identified, i.e., strong festival atmosphere, harmonious interpersonal interaction, distinct cultural symbols and rich festival activities. Then, based on a cognitive–affective–conative model, a quantitative method was used to explore the mechanism through which festival attractiveness impacts sense of place and destination loyalty. Structural equation modeling showed that all dimensions of festival attractiveness have positive effects on place attachment, but not all of them have positive effects on place identity. Findings further indicate that place attachment has a positive effect on place identity, and that place attachment and place identity both have positive effects on destination loyalty. These results indicate that festival hosting destination loyalty follows the processes of both festival attractiveness cognition and destination affection evaluation.
Events organized to promote the cultural values of destinations increase tourism diversity and activities. Over 2000 different events are organized annually in Serbia, and music festivals are the most visited. One of them is EXIT festival. The EXIT festival is one of the biggest cultural and social projects running in Serbia based on the concept of modern European festivals. For the past eighteen years, Novi Sad has been hosting one of the largest, or even the largest international event in Serbia, which has attracted over 200,000 visitors, half of whom are foreign visitors. This study explored the relationships between the perceived quality of festival performance and experience factors (traffic and information, hygiene and safety, culture and art, socialization, infrastructure and products and services), behavioral intention and the overall visitor's satisfaction intending to test a mediating role of the overall visitor's satisfaction. For this purpose, data were collected from a sample of 557 EXIT festival visitors in Novi Sad in July 2016.
Tourism as an industry has many kinds of impacts on destinations and their communities. The presence of tourism could create the conditions for an economic development but in the same way produce negative effect (crowding out) and externalities (the Janus-face character). Between the different actors inside the tourist destination, there are the local community which could endure the pressure of tourism. In some cases, this pressure reduces the wellbeing of the residents. The present research paper focuses on how activities like events and tourism impact on community well-being. Winchester (England), a Special Interest Tourism and Event (SITE), is used as a case study. The data are collected using an on-line interview and they are elaborated using multivariate techniques and ordinal regression analysis. The results of the study reveal a close relation between the level of happiness of the local residents and their perception of the tourism industry and event development. Local residents in Winchester are perceiving the tourism industry and events rather positively as they believe it supports their culture and the local economy and job in particular. Our first overall conclusion is that there is a relationship between the residents' happiness and tourism/event perception. Moreover, our findings support what claimed by several scholars that tourism specialisation improves the residents quality of life (QOL). The present study has not shown the direction of the influence but according to previous research it is the level of happiness of the local residents that determines their perception of the tourism industry and event development and not the other way around. The second finding of the study reveals that SITE destinations have a high potential in terms of contributing to the local residents' happiness and subsequently visitors. Our third and final conclusion is that, when the benefits of tourism and events are higher than the cost, local residents and are likely to be supportive of the activity.
This study develops a model based on the developmental theory of place attachment. The model considers the influence of tourists’ emotions on place attachment and the mediating effects of satisfaction and place attachment on the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. The model was tested using data collected from 464 international tourists at the end of their trip to Thailand. Results show that positive emotions, negative emotions and satisfaction are significant determinants of place attachment. In particular, negative emotions display a positive relationship with place attachment. In addition, only satisfaction mediates the relationship between tourists’ emotions and intention to recommend. Findings highlight the need for researchers to incorporate emotions in modeling place attachment and offer implications for marketers promoting Thailand as a tourist destination.
How we perceive our environment affects the way we feel and behave. The impressions of our ambient environment are influenced by its entire spectrum of physical characteristics (e.g., luminosity, sound, scents, temperature) in a dynamic and interactive way. The ability to manipulate the sensory aspects of an environment such that people feel comfortable or exhibit a desired behavior is gaining interest and social relevance. Although much is known about the sensory effects of individual environmental characteristics, their combined effects are not a priori evident due to a wide range of non-linear interactions in the processing of sensory cues. As a result, it is currently not known how different environmental characteristics should be combined to effectively induce desired emotional and behavioral effects. To gain more insight into this matter, we performed a literature review on the emotional effects of multisensory stimulation. Although we found some interesting mechanisms, the outcome also reveals that empirical evidence is still scarce and haphazard. To stimulate further discussion and research, we propose a conceptual framework that describes how environmental interventions are likely to affect human emotional responses. This framework leads to some critical research questions that suggest opportunities for further investigation.
Despite the importance of emotions and psychological commitment to loyal behavior, little empirical work has been done to explore their simultaneous effects on the festival loyalty development in the tourism literature. Guided by Mehrabian and Russell’s (1974) framework in environmental psychology, this study examined how emotions elicited from the festival environment influenced visitors’ postvisit behavior. Data were collected from visitors to community festivals using the onsite and postvisit survey procedure. Results revealed that festival atmospherics had a positive indirect effect on loyalty via positive emotions, satisfaction, and psychological commitment. Based on the study findings, both practical and theoretical insights were provided.
The purpose of this study is to understand hiking-tourist behavior by exploring tourist motivation, personal values, subjective well-being, and revisit intention. The study demonstrates the theoretical and empirical evidence of the relationships among the four constructs. Using a sample drawn from tourists in South Korea, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is carried out. As a result, “enjoying the natural environment and escaping from daily life”, “pursuing new type of travel”, “pursuing healthy life”, and “pursuing intimacy” are classified as motivations for hiking tourists. Moreover, in order to investigate the relevant relationships among the four constructs, a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach is used. The results indicate that revisit intention is affected by tourist motivation and subjective well-being. Furthermore, hiking-tourists’ motivation and personal values are effective predictors of subjective well-being.
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Slow Food festival attributes on visitors' overall experience, their satisfaction level and revisit intention. A total of 209 useable questionnaires were collected from visitors at Mold Slow Food Festival and Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted using AMOS 19.0. A theoretical model representing the relationships among festival attribute qualities, experience quality, satisfaction level and revisit intention is examined using path analysis. With the addition of new paths from programmes to satisfaction and food and other amenities to satisfaction, a revised theoretical model emerged. It indicated that all three festival attribute qualities (programmes, food and other amenities and entertainment) have direct impacts on the visitors' overall experience and satisfaction; however only the quality of food and other amenities contributed directly to revisit intention of the Slow Food festival.
Based on self-determination theory as a conceptual framework, the aim of this study is to reveal the relationships amongst cave visitors’ experiences, motivation, satisfaction and revisit intention. In order to test the conceptual model designed in line with the objectives of the study, a survey was conducted amongst a sample of 312 visitors to Dupnisa Cave in Turkey. The analysis showed that visitors’ motivation and cave experience positively influenced their satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction has an effect on visitors’ revisit intention. This study is one of the first to attempt to reveal the nature of future behaviour of cave visitors within the context of self-determination theory.
Purpose
By integrating stimulus-organism-response theory and uses and gratifications theory, this study explored the salient gamification factors that satisfy the gratifications of conference attendees in the context of an event gamification mobile app and their relationships with conference engagement, continuance intention and word-of-mouth.
Design/methodology/approach
The questionnaire was developed in Qualtrics and administered on a gamification application called Goosechase during an annual hospitality conference. The proposed hypotheses were tested using the partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).
Findings
The gratifications of social presence, education and entertainment through a gamification mobile app influences attendees’ engagement during the conference while achievement gratification does not. Positive effects of conference engagement on their continuous intention and WOM have been also validated.
Originality/value
By adopting a unique integrated approach that utilizes UGT and S-O-R framework, while considering conference engagement as work-related engagement, this study offers a fresh perspective on gamification apps and discusses its theoretical and practical implications in depth.
Purpose
This study aims to explore the relationships amongst football fans’ travel motivations (FFTMs), their satisfaction (SAT), their perceived destination image (PDI) and their behavioural intentions (BIs). On the other hand, the mediating effects of SAT on the relationships among FFTMs, PDI and BIs are analyzed.
Design/methodology/approach
An approach based on a quantitative research method was used, and the data were gathered from Italian and British tourists who visited Istanbul, aiming to attend the Champions League Final match of Manchester City versus Inter Milan.
Findings
Based on 277 applicable surveys, Smart-PLS was conducted to test the conceptual model. The results indicated positive and meaningful relationships amongst FFTMs, SAT, PDI and Bis. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that the effect of FFTMs and PDI on BIs is mediated by SAT.
Originality/value
This research makes a contribution to the football tourism literature by first examining the theory of planned behaviour in conjunction with FFTMs, SAT, PDI and BIs. Furthermore, the findings of this study could offer valuable insights to assist tourism marketers in gaining a deeper understanding of FFTMs, BIs, SAT and PDI.
Within festivals and events, film festivals are among the fastest growing cultural events in the world and are recognised as bringing environmental, sociocultural and economic benefits to host tourism destinations including enhanced well-being. These festivals are an important marketing strategy for developing destination image and attracting interest towards a destination. However, there are limited studies on the film festival experience exploring the antecedents of participants’ satisfaction. This study examines the relationship between eudaimonic feelings, novelty, local culture, nostalgia, perceived quality, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions. Data were gathered during the last 3 days of the Penedo Film in the City of Penedo, Northeast Brazil using a questionnaire. A total of 97 valid questionnaires were collected from the festival attendees. Findings show that only eudaimonic feelings and perceived quality are predictors of satisfaction. To the best of authors knowledge, this study is the first to examine the perceived experience of participants in a film festival context from a positive psychology perspective and providing further empirical support for construct validity of eudaimonic feelings. The findings contribute to the existing tourism literature on film festivals by identifying key antecedents (eudaimonic feelings and perceived quality) and outcomes (behavioural intentions) of satisfaction with film festival. One of the main managerial implications includes engaging film festival participants in co-creation processes and in promoting group discussions about a specific movie with an appealing and social relevant theme.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to reexamine the dimensionality and role of experience quality (EQ) to explain other related factors, namely, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intention. Using dual methodological approaches of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and structural equations modeling (SEM), it seeks to establish the EQ’s construct and predictive validity.
Design/methodology/approach
Grounded in cross-sectional and online research design, the present study surveyed 881 attendees of an annual music festival (Malakoff) held in Norway and subjected the quantitative data to SEM and fsQCA.
Findings
Both SEM and fsQCA confirmed the socializing and enjoyment dimensions of EQ, with good validity and reliability, as well as the functional and emotional value dimensions explaining visitors’ perceived value of attending a festival. Both statistical analyses also showed that perceived value-derived satisfaction leads to behavioral intention regarding festival visits.
Practical implications
This study provides numerous valuable consequences for festival organizers, or marketers that can aid in developing effective strategies to measure visitors’ perceived quality of experience and numerous practical implications for festival organizers or marketers can help in developing effective strategies to measure visitors’ perceived quality of experience and then increase value perceptions, satisfaction and behavioral intentions toward attending festivals.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to adopt a dual-dimensional framework to measure EQ in festivals and establish its utility with two statistical approaches (SEM and fsQCA). It also shows the utility of perceived value, initially developed for adventure tourists, to study visitors’ experience with festivals.
Attitude, norm and perceived behaviour control were theorized as important concepts influencing intention. Understanding these concepts toward persons with disabilities (PWDs) simultaneously is essential in developing acceptance and achieving an inclusive society. This study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour to gain insights that could help promote public acceptance towards the participation of people with mobility impairment (PWMI) in nature-based recreation. An online survey was distributed to Malaysian respondents using a non-random sampling approach (n = 275). Based on descriptive analysis, the Malaysian sample has a slightly positive attitude (M = 3.31), low subjective norm (M = 1.89) and slightly positive in their perceived behaviour control in assisting PWMI (M = 3.58). Regression analyses revealed norm had the most frequent significant interactions and had the strongest relationships relative to attitude and perceived control variables. Lack of perceived control affects respondent intention to help according to different types of recreational activities. These findings present a serious need to promote acceptance by improving public attitude and perceived control, as well as breaking any normative barriers. Future research could extend the current findings by investigating public acceptance of different types of disabilities and employing a more robust sampling approach. ARTICLE HISTORY
Purpose
This study aims to integrate the theory of planned behavior (TPB), norm activation model (NAM) and stimulus–organism–behavior–consequences theory (SOBC) with the moderators to investigate the main determinants of energy-saving behaviors as well as how group-level factors and media publicity significantly facilitate the energy-saving intention-behavior linkage among dormitory students in higher education institutions (HEIs).
Design/methodology/approach
A valid sample of 325 dormitory students resided in universities of Vietnam and a three-step analysis approach via SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 25.0 were used to test the hypothesized model.
Findings
This study yields that external stimuluses (subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) positively and strongly stimulate energy–energy attitude, while internal stimuluses (ascription of responsibility, awareness of consequences) arouse personal norms. Both internal and external stimuluses were found to have serially mediation effects on energy-saving behaviors via attitude toward energy saving, personal norms and energy-saving intention. Remarkably, group interaction and media publicity exert prominent positive moderation effects on the energy-saving intention–behavior relationship.
Practical implications
The findings of this research can be valuable for HEIs and policymakers to inspire university students’ energy conservation behavior for sustainable development goals.
Originality/value
This study contributed to the proenvironmental literature by adopting the SOBC paradigm that strengthens the integration of TPB and NAM models to explore the main determinants of dormitory students’ energy-saving behaviors, explain the underlying mediation mechanisms of organisms and behavioral responses and illustrate the moderation role of group-level factors and media publicity.
Based on the expectation confirmation theory and the push and pull framework, this paper proposes that perceived value (PV) mediates the relationship between experiential food festival attributes (EXPECO) and attendees’ behavioral intentions (BIs). Further, this paper proposes that cultural exploration (CULEXP) moderates the causal relationships among EXPECO, PV, and BIs. A survey of 215 visitors who participated in the Slow Food Festival event in Northern Cyprus was used to statistically validate the proposed research framework and hypotheses. The results stemmed from the structural equation modeling show that PV partially mediated the effects of EXPECO (i.e., education, entertainment, and esthetic experience) on BIs. Moreover, as predicted, the results confirm that CULEXP moderates the casual relationships among EXPECO, PV, and BIs. Thus, the findings extend prior literature by highlighting the importance of EXPECO and CULEXP in enhancing attendees’ PV and consequent positive BIs.
The purpose of this study is to examine the direct, indirect and moderating role of involvement in the satisfaction, quality and loyalty relationship among local food festival tourists. Several different approaches exist concerning the role of involvement on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship but there is a lack of integration between approaches. This study therefore compared an Indirect effect model with Direct/Indirect effect model and Direct effect model, using 401 data collected at three local food festivals in Korea. Results of analyses found that the Direct/Indirect effect model suggesting involvement influences loyalty directly and indirectly via satisfaction and quality performed best. Another alternative model, with involvement moderating the effect of quality and satisfaction on loyalty, was also tested and supported. Marketing strategies should better convert involvement into effective local food festival tourists’ loyalty considering its direct/indirect and moderating effects.
This study aims to investigate and explain festival qualities that are applied to festival organizers that affect the destination image and the tourist revisit intention. This research uses a quantitative approach through statistical analysis of PLS-SEM and distributed questionnaires that have been designed to 200 tourists. The findings of this study indicate that the constructs of the variables that shape the quality of the festival, namely program content, convenience, and staff, have a positive and significant effect on the image of the destination. In addition, the relationship between destination image and revisit intention has a positive and significant effect.
Music festivals have become an important element of cultural and touristic programmes in Western cities. These events have several intangible impacts, including sociocultural and emotional effects, which could be related to personal identity and subjective well-being. Following this perspective, we establish two research aims: firstly, to propose a model for assessing the emotional outcome of music festivals on the cultural construction of attendees’ identity; and, secondly, to test out this model at three different music festivals. The proposed model is the first attempt to combine several existing models based on the psychological identification of emotions and the assessment of events’ cultural impact. Moreover, it allows us to observe attendees’ experiences, in terms of how emotions affect participation in music festivals, as well as to understand the role of emotions in constructing their personal cultural identity. Our findings confirm the relationship between experiencing intense emotions and the creation of several items of personal cultural identity; namely a sense of community, city pride, consolidation of music preferences and the creation of new aesthetic interests.
Researchers have increasingly turned to mixed‐method techniques to expand the scope and improve the analytic power of their studies. Yet there is still relatively little direction on and much confusion about how to combine qualitative and quantitative techniques. These techniques are neither paradigm‐ nor method‐linked; researchers' orientations to inquiry and their methodological commitments will influence how they use them. Examples of sampling combinations include criterion sampling from instrument scores, random purposeful sampling, and stratified purposeful sampling. Examples of data collection combinations include the use of instruments for fuller qualitative description, for validation, as guides for purposeful sampling, and as elicitation devices in interviews. Examples of data analysis combinations include interpretively linking qualitative and quantitative data sets and the transformation processes of qualitizing and quantitizing. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs & Health 23:246–255, 2000
We evaluate the intention to revisit a music festival, taking into account the Push factors (motivational factors), the Pull factors (the attributes of the destination) and the satisfaction level. We used a sample of 1179 answers. Our results show that the intention to return to this the event is influenced by the sociodemographic characteristics of the visitor, by the Push factors (the past experience with the festival), the Pull factors (visit to the city’s heritage and the festival’s attributes) and also the high levels of satisfaction. These results will be very useful to the organizers and local entities in order to define communication and marketing strategies. It will also attract a recurring audience that, in addition to the participation in the event, will also become involved with the city. In the context of the competition between tourism destinations, this information can be used by the different stakeholders to improve the success and impact of the event.
This study sought to propose an extended model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), incorporating further major constructs in tourism marketing (i.e. travel motivation, eWOM, destination image, and destination familiarity) to predict tourists’ intention to revisit Egypt. Data were collected using a survey. Responses of 302 visitors to the preferable destinations in Egypt have been analyzed and hypotheses were assessed by employing structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings demonstrate that the extended model has a sturdy illustrative power to well understand travelers’ revisit intention. Besides the core TPB constructs, the added variables indeed exert a significant influence on tourists’ revisit intention. Further, a mediating role of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control has existed. Academic contributions, practical implications and directions of future research are argued.
Research studies about the attributes of music festival experiences and the effect of information technology in music festival help us to understand Millennials. With the purpose of providing more insights about the perception and behavior of young people at a festival, this study aims to investigate how festival attributes and the interactivity of information sources affect festival attendee satisfactions and behavioral intentions in a music festival. The results are expected to assist festival organizers in managing and implementing market-oriented service strategies to improve the quality of festivals and therefore to enhance the attendee satisfactions and their behavioral intentions.
This textbook offers an essential introduction to survey research and quantitative methods. Building on the premise that statistical methods need to be learned in a practical fashion, the book guides students through the various steps of the survey research process and helps to apply those steps toward a real example.
In detail, the textbook introduces students to the four pillars of survey research and quantitative analysis: (1) the importance of survey research, (2) preparing a survey, (3) conducting a survey and (4) analyzing a survey. Students are shown how to create their own questionnaire based on some theoretically derived hypotheses to achieve empirical findings for a solid dataset. Lastly, they use said data to test their hypotheses in a bivariate and multivariate realm.
The book explains the theory, rationale and mathematical foundations of these tests. In addition, it provides clear instructions on how to conduct the tests in SPSS and Stata. Given the breadth of its coverage, the textbook is suitable for introductory statistics, survey research or quantitative methods classes in the social sciences.
To symbolize the importance of contextual factors of provision in the contemporary service era, in festival research, the term festivalscape has been proposed. Despite the large number of works investigating the construct, extant research does not adequately assess the systemic and interactive nature of festivals, which can be viewed as a set of interconnected elements. To bridge this gap, this article evaluates four festival attributes (atmosphere, service quality, people interaction and collateral services) according to service-dominant logic and service-ecosystem view. Current work examines a light festival organized in Salerno during the Christmas holiday using a sequential regression analysis, revealing the mediating role of experience and satisfaction in influencing behavioural intention.
Based on an extensive literature review of the festival experience, this study proposes that the experiences of festivalgoers can be classified into five main attributes, namely Escape, Playfulness, Togetherness, Sacredness, and Placeness. A survey of 450 South Koreans who had participated in some type of domestic festival in the past year statistically validated these attributes and explored the impact of each on the perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions of festivalgoers. The study shows that those Koreans who experienced Playfulness, Sacredness, and Placeness at a festival tended to perceive the festival as more valuable than those who experienced Escape and Togetherness, which were factors that did not significantly affect the perceived value of the festival. This study illuminates the nature of festival attributes and the particular characteristics most important to Korean festivalgoers, both of which provide theoretical and practical implications for tourism researchers and festival organizers.
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effects of gender and visit frequency as moderating variables on the relationships among destination perceived quality, tourist satisfaction and word-of-mouth (WOM).
Design/methodology/approach
This study incorporated several previous research models to propose a conceptual model that fully explains the relationships among destination perceived quality, tourist satisfaction, visit frequency and WOM. One important thing to consider is whether gender and visit frequency impact on the relationships among these factors. In addition, this study was able to generate measurement items for the dimensions by analyzing specific tourism conditions in Danang City and referring to the scales of these factors in previous studies. Quantitative research was conducted to test the scales of the research model and hypotheses through data collected from 303 domestic tourists.
Findings
Structural equation modeling and a multi-group analysis were used to test the hypotheses and the invariance of structural coefficients across groups. The results indicate that destination perceived quality has significant, positive and direct effect on tourist satisfaction; WOM is positively influenced by destination perceived quality and tourist satisfaction; and there is significant relationship between visit frequency and WOM. In particular, when exploring the impact of moderating variables such as gender and visit frequency, this study also found that the impacts of destination perceived quality on WOM are different between genders, and this impact is stronger for female rather than male tourists; and the effect of destination perceived quality on tourist satisfaction is stronger for the first visit than for later visits.
Research limitations/implications
This paper is limited in its ability to gather a larger sample to more generally represent the complete domestic market, as well as in its lack of a comparison of online versus offline WOM effects by gender.
Originality/value
This paper was conducted to have a better understanding of how tourist demographic characteristics such as gender and visit frequency are important contributors that influence the relationships among these three factors. This paper has important implications for marketers and managers of Danang, such as local tourism authorities, commercial association managers, hotel owners, restaurant owners and tour managers working to improve the quality of this destination, and thus better satisfying tourists and competing with other destinations.
Festivals provide economic, social and cultural benefits to the communities in which they occur, and contribute to event tourism and destination marketing. This research reports a meta-analysis of the festival literature to evaluate the factors that contribute to festival satisfaction and loyalty. Attributes were classified into six categories: activities, authenticity/uniqueness, concessions, environment, escape and socialization. The analysis revealed that festival activities (program, entertainment, thematic activities) and environment (atmosphere, convenience, facilities) are the most important determinants of satisfaction and loyalty. Two perceptions were evaluated: cost/value and service quality. The analysis revealed that cost/value is important for both satisfaction and loyalty, whereas service quality is relatively unimportant. Satisfaction with the festival is strongly related to loyalty. The findings suggest that festival planners should focus on providing an enjoyable program in a comfortable environment at a reasonable price. This strategy will cultivate repeat attendance and stimulate future visits to the festival destination.
The purpose of this research is to examine the differences of perception between health tour seekers and non-seekers of subjective well-being (SWE). Relative data were collected from 158 Korean package tourists who traveled to Sapporo, Japan, and from 111 Japanese package tourists who traveled to Busan, Korea. The results indicated that health tourism seekers perceived the level of contribution of the health tour to SWE to be more positive than non-seekers. It also revealed that the satisfaction levels of the tourism activities had a partially significant impact on the SWE of participants and non-participants.
There is a conceptual gap in the marketing literature, as to date there has been no published empirical
research on festival switching intentions, festival satisfaction, festival image, festival affective impacts, and
festival quality that have focused in the context of food festivals. This study seeks to fill this conceptual gap by
identifying the dimensions of festival quality and empirically examining the interrelationships among festival
switching intentions, festival satisfaction, festival image, festival affective impacts, and festival quality.
A multidimensional and hierarchical model is used as a framework to synthesize the effects of festival quality, festival affective impacts, festival image, and festival satisfaction on festival switching intentions. Statistical support is found for four primary dimensions and 13 subdimensions of festival quality for food festivals. The hypothesized paths between the higher order constructs—festival quality, festival affective impacts, festival image, festival satisfaction, and festival switching intentions—are confirmed. The results of this analysis contribute to the services marketing theory by providing additional insights into festival switching intentions, festival satisfaction, festival image, festival affective impacts, festival quality, and the dimensions of festival quality. The results of this study will also assist festival management in developing and implementing marketorientated service strategies to increase festival quality and festival affective impacts, enhance festival image and festival satisfaction, and decreasing attendees’ switching intentions to other food festivals.
Attendance and participation at popular music festivals has become an important and increasingly common experience for people in many Western societies, yet little is known about the kinds of benefits visitors perceive they gain as a result of attending. This research explores attendees’ perceptions of the psychological and social benefits associated with their attendance at the Woodford Folk Festival in Queensland (Australia). Based upon the research findings, music festival management strategies are suggested to improve the design of festival experiences to better cater to the artistic, musical, social and psychological needs of attendees thereby increasing the impact and depth of the experience.