EMERGING VIRAL THREATS: CHALLENGES AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Emerging viruses pose substantial risks to global health and
agriculture. While much attention focuses on human and animal viruses,
emerging plant viruses, like Pepino mosaic virus and Tomato yellow leaf
curl virus, also threaten crops worldwide. Factors driving their emergence
include genetic mechanisms, changes in vector populations, and global
trade. Understanding the dynamics of emergence, transmission, and
genetic diversity is crucial for mitigating their impact. This abstract
summarizes the emergence of Pepino mosaic virus and Tomato yellow leaf
curl virus, illustrating how factors such as seed dissemination and vector
migration contribute to their spread and establishment in new
environments. The Begomovirus and Tospovirus families have witnessed
a surge in novel viral species, driven by vectors like Bemisia tabaci and
Frankliniella occidentalis. Land conversion, agricultural intensification,
and advancements in irrigation and pesticide use contribute to this
phenomenon. Understanding the mechanisms of viral evolution, such as
reassortment and recombination, provides insights into the development
of new virus variants, like TYLCV and emergent forms of begomoviruses
causing diseases like cassava mosaic disease. Additionally, the formation
of tripartite begomovirus complexes highlights the complexity of virus-host interactions and the need for further research in this area to mitigate
viral threats effectively.