GORGIAN MEDICAL NEWS ЕЖЕМЕСЯЧНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ

Full text

EORGIAN
EDICAL
EWS
ЕЖЕМЕСЯЧНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ
Медицинские новости Грузии
cfmfhsdtkjc cfvtlbwbyj cbf[ktyb
No 1 (322) Январь 2022
ISSN 1512-0112
ТБИЛИСИ - NEW YORK
NO 5 (350) Май 2024

GMN: Georgian Medical News is peer-reviewed, published monthly journal committed to promoting
the science and art of medicine and the betterment of public health, published by the GMN Editorial
Board and The International Academy of Sciences, Education, Industry and Arts (U.S.A.) since
1994. GMN carries original scientic articles on medicine, biology and pharmacy, which are of
experimental, theoretical and practical character; publishes original research, reviews, commentaries,
editorials, essays, medical news, and correspondence in English and Russian.
GMN is indexed in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed and VINITI Russian Academy of Sciences. The
full text content is available through EBSCO databases.
GMN: Медицинские новости Грузии - ежемесячный рецензируе мый научный журнал,
издаётся Редакционной коллегией и Международной академией наук, образования, искусств и
естествознания (IASEIA) США с 1994 года на русском и английском языках в целях поддержки
медицинской науки и улучшения здравоохранения. В журнале публикуются оригинальные
научные статьи в области медицины, биологии и фармации, статьи обзорного характера,
научные сообщения, новости медицины и здравоохранения.
Журнал индексируется в MEDLINE, отражён в базе данных SCOPUS, PubMed и ВИНИТИ РАН.
Полнотекстовые статьи журнала доступны через БД EBSCO.
GMN: Georgian Medical News – saqarTvelos samedicino siaxleni – aris yovelTviuri
samecniero samedicino recenzirebadi Jurnali, gamoicema 1994 wlidan, warmoadgens
saredaqcio kolegiisa da aSS-is mecnierebis, ganaTlebis, industriis, xelovnebisa
da bunebismetyvelebis saerTaSoriso akademiis erTobliv gamocemas. GMN-Si rusul
da inglisur enebze qveyndeba eqsperimentuli, Teoriuli da praqtikuli xasiaTis
originaluri samecniero statiebi medicinis, biologiisa da farmaciis sferoSi,
mimoxilviTi xasiaTis statiebi.
Jurnali indeqsirebulia MEDLINE-is saerTaSoriso sistemaSi, asaxulia
SCOPUS-is, PubMed-is da ВИНИТИ РАН-is monacemTa bazebSi. statiebis sruli teqsti
xelmisawvdomia EBSCO-s monacemTa bazebidan.
GMN: Georgian Medical News is peer-reviewed, published monthly journal committed to promoting
the science and art of medicine and the betterment of public health, published by the GMN Editorial
Board since 1994. GMN carries original scientic articles on medicine, biology and pharmacy, which
are of experimental, theoretical and practical character; publishes original research, reviews, commen-
taries, editorials, essays, medical news, and correspondence in English and Russian.
GMN is indexed in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PubMed and VINITI Russian Academy of Sciences. The full
text content is available through EBSCO databases.
GEORGIAN MEDICAL NEWS
GMN: Медицинские новости Грузии - ежемесячный рецензируемый научный журнал, издаётся
Редакционной коллегией с 1994 года на русском и английском языках в целях поддержки
медицинской науки и улучшения здравоохранения. В журнале публикуются оригинальные
научные статьи в области медицины, биологии и фармации, статьи обзорного характера, научные
сообщения, новости медицины и здравоохранения. Журнал индексируется в MEDLINE, отражён
в базе данных SCOPUS, PubMed и ВИНИТИ РАН. Полнотекстовые статьи журнала доступны
через БД EBSCO.
Monthly Georgia-US joint scientic journal published both in electronic and paper
formats of the Agency of Medical Information of the Georgian Association of Business Press.
Published since 1994. Distributed in NIS, EU and USA.
WEBSITE
www.geomednews.com

К СВЕДЕНИЮ АВТОРОВ!
При направлении статьи в редакцию необходимо соблюдать следующие правила:
1. Статья должна быть представлена в двух экземплярах, на русском или английском язы-
ках, напечатанная через полтора интервала на одной стороне стандартного листа с шириной
левого поля в три сантиметра. Используемый компьютерный шрифт для текста на русском и
английском языках - Times New Roman (Кириллица), для текста на грузинском языке следует
использовать AcadNusx. Размер шрифта - 12. К рукописи, напечатанной на компьютере, должен
быть приложен CD со статьей.
2. Размер статьи должен быть не менее десяти и не более двадцати страниц машинописи,
включая указатель литературы и резюме на английском, русском и грузинском языках.
3. В статье должны быть освещены актуальность данного материала, методы и результаты
исследования и их обсуждение.
При представлении в печать научных экспериментальных работ авторы должны указывать
вид и количество экспериментальных животных, применявшиеся методы обезболивания и
усыпления (в ходе острых опытов).
4. К статье должны быть приложены краткое (на полстраницы) резюме на английском,
русском и грузинском языках (включающее следующие разделы: цель исследования, материал и
методы, результаты и заключение) и список ключевых слов (key words).
5. Таблицы необходимо представлять в печатной форме. Фотокопии не принимаются. Все
цифровые, итоговые и процентные данные в таблицах должны соответствовать таковым в
тексте статьи. Таблицы и графики должны быть озаглавлены.
6. Фотографии должны быть контрастными, фотокопии с рентгенограмм - в позитивном
изображении. Рисунки, чертежи и диаграммы следует озаглавить, пронумеровать и вставить в
соответствующее место текста в ti формате.
В подписях к микрофотографиям следует указывать степень увеличения через окуляр или
объектив и метод окраски или импрегнации срезов.
7. Фамилии отечественных авторов приводятся в оригинальной транскрипции.
8. При оформлении и направлении статей в журнал МНГ просим авторов соблюдать
правила, изложенные в «Единых требованиях к рукописям, представляемым в биомедицинские
журналы», принятых Международным комитетом редакторов медицинских журналов -
http://www.spinesurgery.ru/les/publish.pdf и http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
В конце каждой оригинальной статьи приводится библиографический список. В список литера-
туры включаются все материалы, на которые имеются ссылки в тексте. Список составляется в
алфавитном порядке и нумеруется. Литературный источник приводится на языке оригинала. В
списке литературы сначала приводятся работы, написанные знаками грузинского алфавита, затем
кириллицей и латиницей. Ссылки на цитируемые работы в тексте статьи даются в квадратных
скобках в виде номера, соответствующего номеру данной работы в списке литературы. Большин-
ство цитированных источников должны быть за последние 5-7 лет.
9. Для получения права на публикацию статья должна иметь от руководителя работы
или учреждения визу и сопроводительное отношение, написанные или напечатанные на бланке
и заверенные подписью и печатью.
10. В конце статьи должны быть подписи всех авторов, полностью приведены их
фамилии, имена и отчества, указаны служебный и домашний номера телефонов и адреса или
иные координаты. Количество авторов (соавторов) не должно превышать пяти человек.
11. Редакция оставляет за собой право сокращать и исправлять статьи. Корректура авторам
не высылается, вся работа и сверка проводится по авторскому оригиналу.
12. Недопустимо направление в редакцию работ, представленных к печати в иных
издательствах или опубликованных в других изданиях.
При нарушении указанных правил статьи не рассматриваются.

REQUIREMENTS
Please note, materials submitted to the Editorial Oce Sta are supposed to meet the following requirements:
1. Articles must be provided with a double copy, in English or Russian languages and typed or
compu-ter-printed on a single side of standard typing paper, with the left margin of 3 centimeters width,
and 1.5 spacing between the lines, typeface - Times New Roman (Cyrillic), print size - 12 (referring to
Georgian and Russian materials). With computer-printed texts please enclose a CD carrying the same le titled
with Latin symbols.
2. Size of the article, including index and resume in English, Russian and Georgian languages must
be at least 10 pages and not exceed the limit of 20 pages of typed or computer-printed text.
3. Submitted material must include a coverage of a topical subject, research methods, results,
and review.
Authors of the scientic-research works must indicate the number of experimental biological spe-
cies drawn in, list the employed methods of anesthetization and soporic means used during acute tests.
4. Articles must have a short (half page) abstract in English, Russian and Georgian (including the
following sections: aim of study, material and methods, results and conclusions) and a list of key words.
5. Tables must be presented in an original typed or computer-printed form, instead of a photocopied
version. Numbers, totals, percentile data on the tables must coincide with those in the texts of the
articles. Tables and graphs must be headed.
6. Photographs are required to be contrasted and must be submitted with doubles. Please number
each photograph with a pencil on its back, indicate author’s name, title of the article (short version), and
mark out its top and bottom parts. Drawings must be accurate, drafts and diagrams drawn in Indian ink
(or black ink). Photocopies of the X-ray photographs must be presented in a positive image in ti format.
Accurately numbered subtitles for each illustration must be listed on a separate sheet of paper. In
the subtitles for the microphotographs please indicate the ocular and objective lens magnication power,
method of coloring or impregnation of the microscopic sections (preparations).
7. Please indicate last names, rst and middle initials of the native authors, present names and initials
of the foreign authors in the transcription of the original language, enclose in parenthesis corresponding
number under which the author is listed in the reference materials.
8. Please follow guidance oered to authors by The International Committee of Medical Journal
Editors guidance in its Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals publica-
tion available online at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
http://www.icmje.org/urm_full.pdf
In GMN style for each work cited in the text, a bibliographic reference is given, and this is located at the end
of the article under the title “References”. All references cited in the text must be listed. The list of refer-
ences should be arranged alphabetically and then numbered. References are numbered in the text [numbers
in square brackets] and in the reference list and numbers are repeated throughout the text as needed. The
bibliographic description is given in the language of publication (citations in Georgian script are followed
by Cyrillic and Latin).
9. To obtain the rights of publication articles must be accompanied by a visa from the project in-
structor or the establishment, where the work has been performed, and a reference letter, both written or
typed on a special signed form, certied by a stamp or a seal.
10. Articles must be signed by all of the authors at the end, and they must be provided with a list of full
names, oce and home phone numbers and addresses or other non-oce locations where the authors could be
reached. The number of the authors (co-authors) must not exceed the limit of 5 people.
11. Editorial Sta reserves the rights to cut down in size and correct the articles. Proof-sheets are
not sent out to the authors. The entire editorial and collation work is performed according to the author’s
original text.
12. Sending in the works that have already been assigned to the press by other Editorial Stas or
have been printed by other publishers is not permissible.
Articles that Fail to Meet the Aforementioned
Requirements are not Assigned to be Reviewed.

avtorTa sayuradRebod!
redaqciaSi statiis warmodgenisas saWiroa davicvaT Semdegi wesebi:
1. statia unda warmoadginoT 2 calad, rusul an inglisur enebze, dabeWdili
standartuli furclis 1 gverdze, 3 sm siganis marcxena velisa da striqonebs
Soris 1,5 intervalis dacviT. gamoyenebuli kompiuteruli Srifti rusul da ing-
lisurenovan teqstebSi - Times New Roman ( Кириллица), xolo qarTulenovan teqstSi
saWiroa gamoviyenoT AcadNusx. Sriftis zoma – 12. statias Tan unda axldes CD
statiiT.
2. statiis moculoba ar unda Seadgendes 10 gverdze naklebs da 20 gverdze mets
literaturis siis da reziumeebis (inglisur, rusul da qarTul enebze) CaTvliT.
3. statiaSi saWiroa gaSuqdes: sakiTxis aqtualoba; kvlevis mizani; sakvlevi
masala da gamoyenebuli meTodebi; miRebuli Sedegebi da maTi gansja. eqsperimen-
tuli xasiaTis statiebis warmodgenisas avtorebma unda miuTiTon saeqsperimento
cxovelebis saxeoba da raodenoba; gautkivarebisa da daZinebis meTodebi (mwvave
cdebis pirobebSi).
4. statias Tan unda axldes reziume inglisur, rusul da qarTul enebze
aranakleb naxevari gverdis moculobisa (saTauris, avtorebis, dawesebulebis
miTiTebiT da unda Seicavdes Semdeg ganyofilebebs: mizani, masala da meTodebi,
Sedegebi da daskvnebi; teqstualuri nawili ar unda iyos 15 striqonze naklebi)
da sakvanZo sityvebis CamonaTvali (key words).
5. cxrilebi saWiroa warmoadginoT nabeWdi saxiT. yvela cifruli, Sema-
jamebeli da procentuli monacemebi unda Seesabamebodes teqstSi moyvanils.
6. fotosuraTebi unda iyos kontrastuli; suraTebi, naxazebi, diagramebi
- dasaTaurebuli, danomrili da saTanado adgilas Casmuli. rentgenogramebis
fotoaslebi warmoadgineT pozitiuri gamosaxulebiT ti formatSi. mikrofoto-
suraTebis warwerebSi saWiroa miuTiToT okularis an obieqtivis saSualebiT
gadidebis xarisxi, anaTalebis SeRebvis an impregnaciis meTodi da aRniSnoT su-
raTis zeda da qveda nawilebi.
7. samamulo avtorebis gvarebi statiaSi aRiniSneba inicialebis TandarTviT,
ucxourisa – ucxouri transkripciiT.
8. statias Tan unda axldes avtoris mier gamoyenebuli samamulo da ucxo-
uri Sromebis bibliografiuli sia (bolo 5-8 wlis siRrmiT). anbanuri wyobiT
warmodgenil bibliografiul siaSi miuTiTeT jer samamulo, Semdeg ucxoeli
avtorebi (gvari, inicialebi, statiis saTauri, Jurnalis dasaxeleba, gamocemis
adgili, weli, Jurnalis #, pirveli da bolo gverdebi). monografiis SemTxvevaSi
miuTiTeT gamocemis weli, adgili da gverdebis saerTo raodenoba. teqstSi
kvadratul fCxilebSi unda miuTiToT avtoris Sesabamisi N literaturis siis
mixedviT. mizanSewonilia, rom citirebuli wyaroebis umetesi nawili iyos 5-6
wlis siRrmis.
9. statias Tan unda axldes: a) dawesebulebis an samecniero xelmZRvane-
lis wardgineba, damowmebuli xelmoweriTa da beWdiT; b) dargis specialistis
damowmebuli recenzia, romelSic miTiTebuli iqneba sakiTxis aqtualoba, masalis
sakmaoba, meTodis sandooba, Sedegebis samecniero-praqtikuli mniSvneloba.
10. statiis bolos saWiroa yvela avtoris xelmowera, romelTa raodenoba
ar unda aRematebodes 5-s.
11. redaqcia itovebs uflebas Seasworos statia. teqstze muSaoba da Se-
jereba xdeba saavtoro originalis mixedviT.
12. dauSvebelia redaqciaSi iseTi statiis wardgena, romelic dasabeWdad
wardgenili iyo sxva redaqciaSi an gamoqveynebuli iyo sxva gamocemebSi.
aRniSnuli wesebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi statiebi ar ganixileba.

GEORGIAN MEDICAL NEWS
No 3 (348) 2024
Andrii Proshchenko, Serhii Terekhov, Olena Vesova, Valery Kaminskyy, Anna I. Kryvosheieva.
UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PREDICTIVE MODELING IN DENTAL
IMPLANTOLOGY………………………………………………………………………………………………………......………….………..6-15
Tereza Azatyan, Lusine Stepanyan.
EFFECT OF THE CORRECTIONAL APPROACH ON THE REGULATION OF NEURAL FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH MENTAL
DISABILITIES WITH INTERHEMISPHERIC BRAIN ASYMMETRY………............................................................................................…16-22
Nalikashvili Angelina Sh, Enokyan Viktoria A, Lysak Anastasia V, Ramazanov Magomed R, Meporia Gero G, Azadov Begli, Guseva Yulia A,
Voitov Andrey V, Khuako Timur A, Andronova Ksenia D.
ASEPTIC NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD: WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT TREATMENT OPTIONS? …………………...........23-24
Moroka R.K, Povaliaiev V.V, Tkachenko I.G, Fomenko Yu.V, Babai O.M, Mikulinska-Rudich Yu.N, Iskorostenska O.V, Borisenko Ye.Ye,
Nazaryan R.S, Gargin V.V.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND THE USE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS…………………………………………………..............................................………………………….……….25-30
Israel Barrutia Barreto, Juan José Danielli Rocca, Ynes Eliana Solano Guilen, Cesar Castro Galarza, Felix Alberto Caycho Valencia.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEPRESSIVE STATES IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC CONDITIONS……...................................……………………31-35
Othman Q. Abdulhameed, Luay A. Al-Helaly.
METHIONINE SULFOXIDE REDUCTASE A AND NEUROTRANSMISSION ENZYMES IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND
DYSTOCIA RELATED AUTISTICS………………………………………………..............................................................................…….….36-41
Yuriko Tanabe, Takuma Hayashi, Mako Okada, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Susumu Tonegawa, Kaoru Abiko, Ikuo Konishi.
POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS FOR HUMAN MESENCHYMAL TUMORS, ESPECIALLY LMP2/Β1I AND CYCLIN E1/
MIB1 DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION: PRUM-IBIO STUDY………………………..............................................................……………….42-48
Sosonna L, Yurevych N, LupyrM, Babiy L, Kysylenko K, Kachailo I, NarbutovaT, Borisenko Ye, Baiazitov D, Alekseeva V.
VARIANT ANATOMY OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS BASED ON MULTISPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DATA (MSCT)...…49-53
Bruk Georgiy M, Rostomov Faizo E, Tyulekbayeva Diana, Alexey Igorevich K, Nasirov Said Fadail Ogly, Almanova Ekaterina A, Sharipova
Elvira R, Dzedaeva Amina Z.
HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AS A CAUSE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION……………………............................…………………….54-56
Myroslava Drohomyretska, Yuliia Tkachenko.
THE METHOD OF ASSESSING THE DEGREE OF GLOSSOPTOSIS ACCORDING TO CLINICAL AND X-RAY ANTHROPOMETRICAL
PREDICTORS: CLINICAL GUIDELINES…………………………………………………..................................................................………57-62
Mohammed Tariq, Feten Hachani.
EFFECT OF A TRAINING PROGRAM ON REDUCING HEALTH COMPLICATIONS AFTER OPERATIONS OF PROXIMAL FEMORAL
NAILING (PFN) TECHNIQUE……………………………………….................................................................………………………………63-67
Mariam Shotadze, Lia Gumbaridze, Yuxian Cui, Levan Baramidze, Nino Kiladze, Lela Sturua, Carla J Berg.
ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO REDUCING SECONDHAND SMOKE EXPOSURE AMONG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
STUDENTS IN THE COUNTRY OF GEORGIA…………………….........................................................................…………………………68-72
Sergey Apryatin, Alexander Lopachev, Ilya Zhukov, Evgeniya Emova, Vera Apryatina.
BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING INTRANASAL ADMINISTRATION OF ALPHA-GLUTAMYL-
TRYPTOPHAN AND CHELATE COMPLEX OF ZINC ARGINYL-GLYCINATE ON MONOAMINE SYSTEMS DYSFUNCTIONS
KNOCK-OUT MODELS…………………………………………........................................................................……………………………..73-81
Michael N. Gonevski.
RATIONALE AND ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF HBOT THERAPY IN THE RECOVERY OF LONG COVID PATIENTS…………82-87
Gisnella María Cedeño Cajas, José Andrés Zaporta Ramos, Yisela Carolina Ramos Campi, Feliz Atair Falconi Ontaneda, Martha Cecilia Ramos
Ramírez.
DYNAMICS OF HPV GENOTYPES AND THE RESULTS FOUND IN CYTOLOGICAL LESIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A
COMPARATIVE STUDY……………………………………………..............................................……………………………………………88-94
Hind R. Toaama, Entedhar R. Sarhat, Husamuldeen S Mohammed.
METFORMIN MODULATED ADIPOKINES BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN TYPE-2 DIABETES PATIENTS……….............…………95-97
Serik A. Baidurin, Farida K. Bekenova, Layila N. Baitenova, Aysha Zh. Darybaeva, Klara B. Kurmangalieva.
TRANSFORMATION OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME INTO ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (CLINICAL CASE) ...98-102
Nikolaishvili M.I, Andronikashvili G.T, Gurashvili T.T, Tarkhnishvili A.A, Dondoladze K.N.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MEMORY AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES AFTER RADON-CONTAINED MINERAL WATER
INHALATION THERAPY IN AGED RATS…………………………...........................................................………………………………103-109

Yu.V. Boldyreva, I.A. Lebedev, E.V. Zakharchuk, S.N. Lebedev, A.S. Zubareva.
A CLINICAL CASE OF DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITER WITH ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY AND MANIFESTATIONS IN THE
DENTAL SYSTEM IN A 15-YEAR-OLD CHILD…………………………...................................................................................…………110-112
Rouaa K. Obaees, Emad F. Alkhalidi, Suhad M. Hamdoon.
PH VALUE AND ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF ALKASITE RESTORATIVE MATERIALS……………..................................………113-119
Lasha Gulbani, Lika Svanadze, Irma Jikia, Zanda Bedinashvili, Nana Goishvili, Tinatin Supatashvili, Tamar Turmanidze, Keti Tsomaia,
Vakhtang Goderdzishvili, Dimitri Kordzaia.
HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND GALLBLADDER PATHOLOGIES: IS THERE A CAUSE-AND-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP?............120-126
Yaroslavska J.J, Hrechko N.B, Vlasov A.V, Smorodskyi V.O, Storozheva M.V, Skliar S.O, Lupyr M.V, Nazaryan R.S.
ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MUSCLE-ARTICULAR DYSFUNCTION OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
IN ADOLESCENCE……………………...................................................................................……………………………………………..127-132
Shahad Wisam Ahmed, Shatha Hussein Ali.
INVESTIGATING THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SUBSTANCE P, ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS, AND METABOLIC MARKERS IN
NON-OBESE TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS………………................................................................................…………………………133-137
N. A. Harutyunyan, E. D. Sargsyan, L. S. Stepanyan.
COPING ARRANGEMENT OF SPOUSES WITH EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN FAMILY CONFLICTS……................…………138-143
Shiyan D.M, Kysylenko K.V, Trach O.O, Yurevych N.O, Lupyr M.V, Alekseeva V.V.
ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF THE MAXILLA BASED ON MULTISLICE COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY DATA………………………………………............................................…………………………………………………144-148

GEORGIAN MEDICAL NEWS
No 5 (350) 2024
© GMN 25
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONDITION OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND THE
USE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Moroka R.K, Povaliaiev V.V, Tkachenko I.G, Fomenko Yu.V, Babai O.M, Mikulinska-Rudich Yu.N, Iskorostenska O.V,
Borisenko Ye.Ye, Nazaryan R.S, Gargin V.V.
Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Abstract.
Understanding the harmful eects of using tobacco products
(cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) or vape, IQOS,
hookah, etc.) by various segments of the population is one of
the important ways to improve the condition of the tissues of
the oral cavity, since smoking is an important risk factor for the
occurrence of chronic destructive periodontal diseases.
Aim: The purpose of our work was a study of the relationship
between the state of the oral cavity and the use of tobacco
products in dierent age groups based on the conducted
questionnaire.
Materials and methods: In order to conduct this research,
an anonymous survey was conducted in the form of a Google
document among people divided into three age groups: younger
(under 21), middle (21-40) and older (over 40) with 1113
participants. In the survey, they answered questions about their
lifestyle, the type of tobacco product used, visible changes of
oral cavity if they were present.
Results: Studies show that smoking and the use of tobacco
products is a fairly common phenomenon in modern society and
reects a direct correlation between the intensity of this habit in
people and the development of various pathological conditions
of the mucous membranes of the mouth. A signicant period
of cigarette use, and the accompanying insuciency of oral
hygiene measures increase risk of oral cavity injury. More than
60% answered that they regularly brush their teeth twice a day.
At the same time, at least half of all respondents answered that
they use dental oss and mouthwashes irregularly, and also visit
the dentist only when necessary. Among the rst two age groups,
it is noted that up to 52% of people consume various sweets and
sweet drinks every day, which is a factor that contributes to the
appearance of destructive changes in the oral cavity. Similar
factors include the lack of an active lifestyle. So, from 30% to
50% in each age group don’t have any physical exercise. Only
up to 30% of people have up to 3 physical exercises a week or
have morning exercise every day.
Conclusions: The most pronounced correlative relationship
for severity of changes in oral cavity was revealed between
with experience of smoking (how long) – r=0.79, intensity
of smoking (r=0.75) and oral hygiene practices (r=0.71).
It is necessary to develop new methods of combating the
consequences of long-term use of tobacco products, as well as
preventing the appearance of uncompensated changes in the
mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
Key words. Oral cavity, periodontal tissue, smoking,
e-cigarette, survey.
Introduction.
Despite the fact that the level of awareness of the negative
impact of smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products, as
well as the possible consequences of long-term dependence
on the general health of the population not only in Ukraine but
also in other countries of the world [1,2], is growing rapidly,
smoking remains one of the most widespread addictions all over
the world [3,4]. If we talk about numbers, around the world
there are about 1.1 billion smokers, and more than 8 million
people die every year because of cigarette smoking. In addition,
most people who use tobacco products experience symptoms
that signicantly impair the smoker's quality of life and overall
well-being.
Smoking is the source of a variety of oral and systemic diseases,
which can only be more pronounced in people who smoke for
a long time. The oral cavity, as the rst collision zone, is the
rst to be exposed to toxic cigarette smoke, while in most cases,
damage to the structure of soft and hard tissues is not subject
to reversible changes [5,6]. The most typical manifestations
include various periodontal problems, such as increased pocket
depth, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. In addition, the
mucous membrane of the mouth can be damaged. Ulcers, bad
breath and stains on the teeth are common symptoms that can
be found in smokers [7,8]. Last decades are characterized by
spreading of electronic cigarettes with harmful inuence on oral
health also [9,10].
It is also an interesting fact that many epidemiological studies
report a close connection between smoking and the occurrence
of an infection caused by the yeast genus C. albicans - oral
candidiasis [11,12]. Candida albicans can cause acute supercial
or deep organ infections in immunocompromised patients. In
a healthy person, the epithelial cells of the oral cavity provide
the rst line of defence against Candida. But localized changes
in the covering tissues, which are most often caused by the
inuence of tobacco smoking, can damage the mucous barrier
and cause candidiasis and further damage [13,14].
The most serious manifestation of the deadly harm of using
tobacco products is the possible risk of cancerous changes
in the oral cavity, which can occur regardless of how long a
person smokes. Studies show that about 29.3% of people with
established cases of oral cancer chewed tobacco only, 25.5%
smoked only, and 42.2% both smoked and used chewing
tobacco.
So, smoking can be characterized as one of the main causes of
many pathological conditions, many of which can be attributed
to the diseases of civilization. It is from the use of tobacco
products that many members of our society experience a
signicant decrease in the standard of living, as well as changes
in well-being [15,16].
The purpose of the study is to investigate the trend of
smoking prevalence among dierent age groups and its eect
on the tissues of the oral cavity. And also, to evaluate the eects
of various means for smoking such as ordinary cigarettes,

26
electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) or vape, hookah and IQOS.
Depending on the used product and the age of the interviewees,
eects of smoking on the human body was analysed.
Materials and Methods.
In order to conduct this research, an anonymous survey was
conducted in the form of a Google document among people
divided into three age groups: younger (under 21), middle (21-
40) and older (over 40) with 1113 participants and number of
participants in each age category accordingly: 537, 293, 283
persons. In the survey, they answered questions about their
lifestyle, the type of tobacco product used, visible changes of
oral cavity if they were present.
Data from University Stomatological Clinic (Kharkiv
National Medical University) survey was utilised for the study
according published early recommendation. This is a self-
completion cross-sectional survey administered in 2023-2024
with out-patients during visits and students at Kharkiv National
Medical University. It is undertaken in collaboration with
Student society and aims to provide a better understanding of
young people’s health, wellbeing, and behaviours, with a focus
on negative consequences of smocking on health. We used a
standardised survey of core questions with additional specic
questions: sociodemographic data (age, sex, current educational
level); tobacco and E-cigarette use (current habits, frequency,
etc.); self-perceived oral health, including number of decayed,
lled, and missing teeth; oral hygiene practices, including
frequency of brushing, additional aids, type of toothpaste,
dental visits, etc.; self-perceived symptoms due to smoking; and
self-perceived changes in physiological functions (including
physical status, smell, taste, breathing, etc.). The questionnaire
comprised close-ended questions adopted from some previous
studies [17,18]. Each participant was able to answer the survey
once and to edit their answers freely until they chose to submit.
By clicking submit it was considered that the student consented
to participate in the study. Ethical approval for the study was
obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board at Kharkiv
National Medical University in compliance with the Helsinki
Declaration.
Statistical processing was performed using the methods of
variation statistics. Correspondence of the distribution to the
normal distribution was determined by the Shapiro-Wilk's
test, which showed that the samples were close to the normal
distribution. Correlation between indicators was assessed using
Spearman's correlation coecient (r). The statistical dierence
between the studied parameters was considered signicant at p
less than 0.05.
Results.
The results surveys show that the majority of respondents in
the younger and older age groups are female, and the middle age
group has approximately equal distribution. Most are studying
at a university or have already completed higher education.
Most popular tobacco products are cigarettes with a lter (about
54%) and electronic cigarettes, IQOS (about 40%). Less used
are snu, pu or chewing tobacco, unltered cigarettes and
hookah (Table 1).
The third part from all participants notes complaints about
changes in the condition of the oral cavity. It is common
knowledge that smoking is one of the leading causes of the
development of destructive changes that develop in the enamel
of the teeth and the mucous of the mouth. Therefore, many
people who smoke for a long time notice a change in the colour
of their teeth, bad breath, and in worse cases, smoking leads to
tooth loss.
Among the most frequent conditions are spots on the teeth,
mucous membrane, discoloration of the enamel and a feeling of
dry mouth. The reasons and mechanisms of such inuence of
tobacco products are still debatable. A number of studies prove
that the microora of the gums of people who do not smoke
does not dier from those who use nicotine products. Therefore,
autoinfection cannot be the cause of periodontal alteration. And
it turns out, if the nature of the periodontal lesion is bacterial,
then it should be considered an acquired infection.
Among the interviewees, the appearance of bleeding gums and
erosions or ulcers of the oral cavity is also noted. Caries is an
important pathology noted by many smokers. Its appearance can
be due to colonization by various bacteria of the oral cavity, and
in combination with insucient oral hygiene, it causes chronic
periodontitis.
Less common changes include periodontitis due to caries,
shortness of breath, endocrine changes, pressure uctuations
and asthma attacks. In these cases, smoking is an additional
factor aggravating already existing pathological conditions of
the body.
Regarding questions about hygiene, more than 60% answered
that they regularly brush their teeth twice a day. At the same
time, at least half of all respondents answered that they use
dental oss and mouthwashes irregularly, and also visit the
dentist only when necessary. Among the rst two age groups, it
is noted that up to 52% of people consume various sweets and
sweet drinks every day, which is a factor that contributes to the
appearance of destructive changes in the oral cavity.
Similar factors include the lack of an active lifestyle. So, from
30% to 50% in each age group don’t have any physical exercises.
Only up to 30% of people have up to 3 physical exercises a week
or have morning exercise every day. The way of life of each
person, his diet, daily routine and habits are of great importance
in the development of chronic periodontal diseases.
The environment is very important for understanding the
aetiology of destructive changes. Thus, even passive smoking
can cause the appearance of the above-mentioned symptoms.
Age and duration of smoking are directly proportional to the
expressiveness of certain syndromes. Among those who quit
smoking, they answered that they had smoked for more than
three years before that. More than half belong to the younger
age group (58%). That is, starting to smoke at a young age, it
turns out that the more a person continues to smoke, the greater
the risk of erosive eects of the tissues of the oral cavity.
Smoking is a signicant socio-demographic problem in the
modern world, as it aects most young people, and sometimes
children who have not reached the age of majority, in which
the neuroendocrine systems of regulation of important body
functions are just beginning to form and mature. Therefore,
the eect of nicotine, as the main active substance in tobacco
products, can cause both a direct eect on body tissues and
indirectly through regulatory systems. And this leads to thoughts

27
under 21 21-40 over 40
Gender
Man 20.1 48.8 23.7
Woman 78.9 51.2 76.3
Selected other or didn’t answer 1.0 0 0
Education
Basic secondary education 2.5 2.3 1.2
I am studying at a university 68.4 20.4 0
Incomplete higher education 14.5 4.3 4.7
Full secondary education 9.6 3.6 3.9
Professional (vocational and technical) education 3.5 4.7 14.5
Completed higher education 1.5 64.7 75.7
Do you smoke now?
No, but I quit smoking 15.1 45.7 24.3
No, I didn't smoke before 34.6 9.2 31.2
So 50.3 45.1 44.5
If the answer is yes, what tobacco
products do you use?
Cigarettes with a lter 41.1 47.4 69.0
Cigarettes without a lter 11.7 12.3 13.8
Lullaby, snu, sucking or chewing tobacco 0.9 0 0
Hookah 1.9 2.3 0
Electronic cigarettes, IQOS, Sub-systems. 48.9 44.9 35.2
If you quit smoking, how many years
did you smoke before?
More than three years 3.1 66.4 88.6
Two years 4.5 17.0 1.3
Half year 84.2 0 8.1
Year 5.7 0 0.8
Three years 2.5 16.6 1.2
Do you consider yourself a generally
healthy person?
No 15.2 10.1 19.3
So 59.8 62.1 52.2
It is dicult to answer 25.0 27.8 28.5
If you do not consider yourself a
healthy person and smoke, can you
complain about one of the conditions
listed below?
Stains on the teeth, a change in their colour 0 3.9 9.5
Gingivitis 2.3 14.7 20.1
Feeling of dry mouth 7.3 1.4 7.7
Change in taste 4.3 2.2 4.3
Bleeding from the gums 3.4 9.2 11.3
Spots on the mucous membrane of the oral
cavity 1.1 3.3 8.4
Erosions or ulcers of the oral cavity 2.1 1.3 6.2
Sensation of hairy tongue 0.3 0.6 0.9
Caries 8.5 14.7 19.2
Endocrine diseases 1.0 2.3 4.3
Pressure 1.1 2.3 15.1
Asthma 0.2 1.9 4.1
Dyspnea 1.3 1.3 4.5
Bad eyesight 4.3 4.7 11.2
How often do you brush your teeth?
1 time a day 33.7 29.1 48.3
More than once a day 59.4 69.9 48.7
Not regularly 6.3 1.0 3.0
Do you oss or rinse your mouth?
1 time a day 42.3 20.2 11.3
More than once a day 15.0 2.2 0.5
Not regularly 42.7 77.6 88.2
How often do you visit the dentist?
Not every year 10.1 10.3 7.3
Once a year 15.9 17.3 17.1
Only in case of need 48.3 37.6 49.5
More often than once a year 25.7 35.0 26.1
How often do you consume sweets or
sweet drinks (cola, cider, etc.)?
Once a day 45.4 52.4 38.2
Once a week 38.2 10.4 10.3
Rarely 16.4 37.2 51.5
How often do you have physical
exercise?
I have training more than 3 times a week 11.4 17.2 10.2
I have training up to 3 times a week 35.3 24.9 10.8
I don't have 30.4 45.6 54.8
I do morning exercise every day 24.5 14.8 26.9
Table 1. Result of questionnaire, %.

28
about an unfavourable situation in the future in the perspective
of an increase in the number of people with chronic diseases of
the mouth and upper respiratory tract.
Among people who quit smoking and smoked for less than
3 years, the presence of certain changes in the state of the oral
cavity and teeth is almost not determined, compared to those who
smoke for more than 3 years. There is also a direct correlation
of a reduction in the risk of chronic diseases of the tissues of
the oral cavity with regular visits to the dentist and the use of
additional tools for oral hygiene (dental oss, mouthwash).
When comparing the obtained from indicators of the severity
of changes in oral cavity and position of survey, the most
pronounced correlative relationship was revealed between
with experience of smoking (how long) – r=0.79, intensity of
smoking (r=0.75) and oral hygiene practices (r=0.71) (Table 2).
Table 2. Relationship between detected data and condition of oral
cavity in smokers (r).
Data Values
Experience of smoking (how long) 0.79
Intensity of smoking 0.75
Sociodemographic data 0.59
Self-perceived oral health 0,70
Oral hygiene practices 0.71
Self-perceived symptoms due to smoking 0.63
Self-perceived changes in physiological functions 0.54
Discussion.
According to the assessment materials that we received
from the respondents during their questionnaire in accordance
with the formulated list of questions in the topic of our work,
as well as a full analysis of the obtained research results and
conducting a correlational comparison of the received answers,
it was determined the presence of various manifestations and
symptoms of damage to the mucous membrane, which became
as a result of long-term use of tobacco products in their various
forms (cigarettes, vape, IQOS) with accordance to famous wide
involvement and described pathological process in oral cavity
of inammatory [19,20], vascular [21,22], endocrine [23,24]
and other origin.
Despite the fact that many respondents are aware of the harm
of smoking and its impact on the general condition of not only
the mucous membranes of the mouth, teeth, periodontium and
gums, but also the respiratory and circulatory systems, many of
the respondents (based on a signicant number of respondents
who smoke for more than a few years) systematically support
their addiction to nicotine regardless of theoretically possible or
already existing consequences [25,26].
Instead, there is an opinion that the basis of this condition lies
in vascular and inammatory reactions that develop as a result
of the direct eect of cigarette smoke. Thus, it was established
that nicotine prolongs the healing time of wounds in the mouth
[6,27].
Also in support of this theory is the increase in the level of
interleukins IL-1 and IL-6 associated with smoking, which
leads to a change in the ratio of metal matrix proteinases and
elastase with proteolytic properties to protease inhibitors, such
as alpha-2-macroglobulin and alpha-1-antitrypsin, in favour
of the former [9,28]. This, in turn, complicates the course of
chronic periodontitis and increases the resection of bone tissue,
which can lead to tooth loss.
As a result of smoking, the acidity of saliva as a protective
factor undergoes a shift in the acidic direction, which increases
the possibility of damage to the mucous membrane. Behavioural
habits can both complicate and facilitate these processes. For
example: drinking coee every morning also lowers the pH of
saliva, and drinking water on the contrary [3,29].
It is interesting that among those who smoke electronic
cigarettes, the pH level of saliva was lower, and the concentration
of protein, calcium and phosphates was higher than similar
indicators in those who smoked ordinary cigarettes with a lter.
Additional studies on the eects of electronic smoking devices
are quite important today, given that they are presented as "more
useful" devices [30,31].
In addition to inammatory and infectious diseases, smoking
can facilitate the introduction of various types of fungi into the
oral cavity and perioral organs as a result of their colonization.
Thus, the tongue, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, larynx,
pharynx, auditory tube can often be aected by cervicofacial
actinomycosis [18,32].
Turning to the result, it can also be noted that even the presence
of systematic monitoring of the condition of one's oral cavity
(in particular, the use of dental oss, as well as brushing teeth
more than once a day) does not guarantee protection against the
alteration of mucous membranes, which occurs due to constant
exposure to tobacco products. Deviations from the norm are
observed both in people who note their recent start of using
nicotine-containing products, as well as in respondents with
long-term addiction [33-35].
The most dangerous result of smoking can be cancer of the oral
cavity. Both people who use pure chewing tobacco and those
who smoke cigarettes are prone to the appearance of neoplasms.
When using both methods of tobacco use, the risk of cancer
increases twice to half of all cases. The very risk of developing
neoplasia is associated with a polymorphism of the Phe31Ile
fragment of a protein called AURKA, which is associated with
gene expressionCHAF1A and CHAF1B [36,37].
So, the problem is relevant stable growth of the number
of people using tobacco and its derivatives. This situation
allows us to dene nicotine addiction as one of the diseases of
civilization, which is more and more rooted in our society as
one of the most common pathologies, which leads to constant
processes in the human body through direct contact with
tobacco, as well as in the role of a passive smoker. One of
possible result is involvement of nervous system [38,39] with
necessary performing of rehabilitation measures directed on all
tissue [40,41] and pedagogical inuence [42].
Another important nding of the present study was the
signicantly higher proportion of E-cigarette users who had
dry mouth and black tongue when compared to nonsmokers
[17,43,44]. In this context, medical students and professionals
are considered role models for the community and should be
at the forefront of ghting dental diseases and the associated
deleterious habits [17,45] with implementation of new
technological method of medical examination [46,47].

29
Limitation of our work is connected with performing of survey
University Stomatological Clinic with prevalence of students
as category who passed questionnaire, that could be turned
from real average population data (gender distribution partly).
Other limitation of our study is that it is a questionnaire survey,
which means that symptoms related to the oral environment are
based on subjective assessment. Consequently, it is impossible
to undertake an objective evaluation. Consequently, we may
inaccurately assess alterations in the oral environment, either
underestimating or overestimating their signicance. Moreover,
due to the nature of this cross-sectional investigation, it is
not feasible to establish a denitive cause-and-eect link
between smoking and the oral environment. But obtained
results are extremely crucial for future scientic background of
prophylactic and therapeutically measures devoted for reducing
pathological changes in oral cavity.
Conclusion.
Most popular tobacco products are cigarettes with a lter
(about 54%) and electronic cigarettes, IQOS (about 40%).
The most pronounced correlative relationship for severity of
changes in oral cavity was revealed between with experience
of smoking (how long) – r=0.79, intensity of smoking (r=0.75)
and oral hygiene practices (r=0.71). It is necessary to develop
new methods of combating the consequences of long-term use
of tobacco products, as well as preventing the appearance of
uncompensated changes in the mucous membrane of the oral
cavity.
Financial support and sponsorship: No nancial support
was received for this study.
Conict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the
research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or
nancial relationships that could be construed as a potential
conict of interest.
REFERENCES
1. GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional,
and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural,
environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters
of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic
analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet.
2018;392:1923-1994.
2. Do LG, Slade GD, Roberts-Thomson KF, et al. Smoking-
attributable periodontal disease in the Australian adult
population. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:398-404.
3. Ahmed N, Arshad S, Basheer SN, et al. Smoking a
Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated
Risk Factor for Oral Diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
2021;18:11003.
4. Awuah WA, Mehta A, Kalmanovich J, et al. Inside the Ukraine
war: health and humanity. Postgrad Med J. 2022;98:408-410.
5. Bergstrom J. Smoking rate and periodontal disease prevalence:
40-year trends in Sweden 1970-2010. J Clin Periodontol.
2014;41:952-957.
6. Bergström J. Tobacco smoking and chronic destructive
periodontal disease. Odontology. 2004;92:1-8.
7. Nechyporenko AS, Alekseeva VV, Sychova LV, et al.
Anatomical prerequisites for the development of rhinosinusitis.
Lek Obz. 2020;6:334-38.
8. Popova T, Nazaryan R, Nakonechna O, et al. Eect of
tobacco cigarettes on rats’ oral microbiota. Medicinski Casopis.
2022;56:133-140.
9. Zhu J, Shi F, Xu G, et al. Conventional Cigarette and
E-Cigarette Smoking among School Personnel in Shanghai,
China: Prevalence and Determinants. Int J Environ Res Public
Health. 2019;16:3197.
10. Popova TM, Kryvenko LS, Tishchenko OV, et al. Eect
of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Microbial Flora. J Pharm Nutr
Sci. 2021;11:54-64.
11. Soysa NS, Ellepola AN. The impact of cigarette/tobacco
smoking on oral candidosis: an overview. Oral Dis. 2005;11:268-
273.
12. Keten HS, Keten D, Ucer H, et al. Prevalence of oral
Candida carriage and Candida species among cigarette and
maras powder users. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8:9847-9854.
13. Dilhari A, Weerasekera MM, Siriwardhana A, et al. Candida
infection in oral leukoplakia: an unperceived public health
problem. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016;74:565-569.
14. Santhana Krishnan G, Naik D, Uppoor A, et al. Candidal
carriage in saliva and subgingival plaque among smokers and
non-smokers with chronic periodontitis-a cross-sectional study.
PeerJ. 2020;8:e8441.
15. Eke PI, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, et al. Risk Indicators
for Periodontitis in US Adults: NHANES 2009 to 2012. J
Periodontol. 2016;87:1174-1185.
16. Sheng L, Tu JW, Tian JH, et al. A meta-analysis of the
relationship between environmental tobacco smoke and lung
cancer risk of nonsmoker in China. Medicine (Baltimore).
2018;97:e11389.
17. Alhajj MN, Al-Maweri SA, Folayan MO, et al. Oral health
practices and self-reported adverse eects of E-cigarette use
among dental students in 11 countries: an online survey. BMC
Oral Health. 2022;22:18.
18. Evans DS, O'Farrell A, Sheridan A, et al. Social
Connectedness and Smoking among Adolescents in Ireland: An
Analysis of the Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren Study. Int J
Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20:5667.
19. Nazaryan RS, Kryvenko LS, Gargin VV. The role of nitric
oxide synthase in the modulation of the immune response
in atopic disease. The New Armenian Medical Journal.
2017;11:52-57.
20. Alekseeva V, Nechyporenko A, Frohme M, et al. Intelligent
Decision Support System for Dierential Diagnosis of Chronic
Odontogenic Rhinosinusitis Based on U-Net Segmentation.
Electronics (Switzerland). 2023:12.
21. Denga O, Pyndus T, Gargin V, et al. Inuence of metabolic
syndrome on condition of microcirculatory bed of oral cavity.
Georgian Med News. 2017;273:99-104.
22. Fesenko D, Glazunov O, Nakonechna O, et al. Consequences
of microsequences of microcirculatory distrurbances of oral
mucosa in modeling of rheumatoid arthritis. Georgian Med
News. 2019;295:137-40.

30
23. Gargin V, Muryzina I, Shcherbina N, et al. Relationship
between bone density of paranasal sinuses and adrenal steroids
pattern in women during menopausal transition. Anthropological
Review. 2020;83:407-418.
24. Gargin VV, Alekseeva VV, Lupyr AV, et al. Correlation
between the bone density of the maxillary sinus and body mass
index in women during the menopause. Problemi Endokrinnoi
Patologii. 2019:20-6.
25. Ye P, Wang X, Ge S, et al. Long-term cigarette smoking
suppresses NLRP3 inammasome activation in oral mucosal
epithelium and attenuates host defense against Candida albicans
in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;113:108597.
26. Ijaz A, Nabeel M, Masood U, et al. Towards using cough
for respiratory disease diagnosis by leveraging Articial
Intelligence: A survey. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked.
2022;29:100832.
27. Alekseeva V, Lupyr A, Urevich N, et al. Signicance of
Anatomical Variations of Maxillary Sinus and Ostiomeatal
Components Complex in Surgical Treatment of Sinusitis.
Novosti Khirurgii. 2019;27:168-76.
28. Kuzenko Y, Mykhno O, Sikora V, et al. Dental terminology
"discoloration" or "pigment dystrophy" - a review and practical
recommendations. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2022;50:65-67.
29. Nechyporenko AS, Nazaryan RS, Semko GO, et al.
Application of spiral computed tomography for determination
of the minimal bone density variability of the maxillary sinus
walls in chronic odontogenic and rhinogenic sinusitis. Ukr J
Radiol Oncol. 2021;29:65-75.
30. Gargin V, Radutny R, Titova G, et al. Application of the
computer vision system for evaluation of pathomorphological
images. 2020 IEEE 40th International Conference on Electronics
and Nanotechnology, ELNANO 2020 – Proceedings. 2020:469-
473.
31. Krivenko S, Krylova O, Bataeva E, et al. Smart lossy
compression of images based on distortion prediction.
Telecommunications and Radio Engineering (English
translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika). 2018;77:1535-
1554.
32. Bondarenko AV, Torianyk II, Pokhil SI, et al. Seroprevalence
of babesiosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised
individuals. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2021;49:193-197.
33. Awadallah M, Idle M, Patel K, et al. Management update of
potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2018;125:628-636.
34. Nechyporenko A, Reshetnik V, Shyian D, et al. Comparative
Characteristics of the Anatomical Structures of the Ostiomeatal
Complex Obtained by 3D Modeling. In: 2020 IEEE International
Conference on Problems of Infocommunications Science and
Technology, PIC S and T 2020 - Proceedings; 2021. 2021:407-
11.
35. Nechyporenko AS, Nazaryan RS, Semko GO, et al.
Application of spiral computed tomography for determination
of the minimal bone density variability of the maxillary sinus
walls in chronic odontogenic and rhinogenic sinusitis. Ukrainian
journal of radiology and oncology. 2021;29:65-75.
36. Lee CP, Chiang SL, Lee CH, et al. AURKA Phe31Ile
polymorphism interacted with use of alcohol, betel quid, and
cigarettes at multiplicative risk of oral cancer occurrence. Clin
Oral Investig. 2015;19:1825-1832.
37. Reshetnik V, Alekseeva V, Devos A, et al. Implementation
of the Uncertainty Calculation for the Detection of Negative
Eect of Smoking on the Bone Density of Paranasal Sinuses.
CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2023;3641:276-283.
38. Peltola J, Coetzee C, Jiménez F, et al. Once-daily extended-
release levetiracetam as adjunctive treatment of partial-onset
seizures in patients with epilepsy: a double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia. 2009;50:406-414.
39. Schabadasch A. Intramurale nervengeechte des darmrohrs.
Z Zellforsch. 1930;10:320-85.
40. Stratiy N, Sychova L, Kachailo I, et al. Complex Physical
Rehabilitation of Women of Reproductive Age with Stage
I Hypertensive Heart Disease. Teor. metod. z. vihov.
2023;23:103-9.
41. Lyndin M, Gluschenko N, Sikora V, et al. Morphofunctional
features of articular cartilage structure. Folia Med Cracov.
2019;59:81-93.
42. Shiyan D, Trach O, Sosonna L, et al. Pedagogical aspects of
the impact of smoking on the human body based on radiographic
density indicators of maxillary sinus bone walls. Georgian Med
News. 2023;343:18-22.
43. Tishchenko OV, Kryvenko LS, Gargin VV. Inuence
of smoking heating up tobacco products and e-cigarettes on the
microbiota of dental plaque. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2022;50:16-20.
44. Nechyporenko AS, Reshetnik VM, Alekseeva VV, et al.
Implementation and analysis of uncertainty of measurement
results for lower walls of maxillary and frontal sinuses. In:
2020 IEEE 40th International Conference on Electronics and
Nanotechnology, ELNANO 2020 – Proceedings. 2020:460-3.
45. Schenström A, Rönnberg S, Bodlund O. Mindfulness-based
cognitive attitude training for primary care sta: A pilot study.
Complement Health Pract Rev. 2006;11:144-52.
46. Nechyporenko AS, Radutny R, Alekseeva VV, et al. Complex
Automatic Determination of Morphological Parameters for
Bone Tissue in Human Paranasal Sinuses. Open Bioinformatics
J. 2021;14:130-7.
47. Radutniy R, Nechyporenko A, Alekseeva V, et al. Automated
measurement of bone thickness on SCT sections and other
images. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 3rd International
Conference on Data Stream Mining and Processing, DSMP
2020. 2020:222-6.