Content uploaded by Krzysztof Smoleń
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Krzysztof Smoleń on Dec 21, 2024
Content may be subject to copyright.
Content uploaded by Dariusz Karaś
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Dariusz Karaś on Dec 21, 2024
Content may be subject to copyright.
Macroeconomic Determinants of
Investment Decisions for Medium
and Large Enterprises in Poland’s
Manufacturing Sector
Makroekonomiczne determinanty decyzji inwestycyjnych
średnich i dużych przedsiębiorstw sektora przetwórstwa
przemysłowego w Polsce
Keywords:
Poland, cointegration, medium and
large company, manufacturing sector,
Vector Error Correction Model
JEL classification codes:
C32, E20, E60, G30, L60
Article history:
submitted: November 22, 2023
revised: May 24, 2024
accepted: July 8, 2024
Abstract
-
-
-
-
-
Streszczenie
-
-
Istnieje od / Published since 1931
Adam Zając
Cardi nal Stefan Wyszyn ski Univer sity
in War saw, Poland
Michał Wielechowski
Wars aw Uni versity of Li fe Sciences – SGGW,
Poland
Krzysztof Smoleń
Univ ersity of War saw, Po land
Dariusz Karaś
Cardi nal Stefan Wyszyn ski Univer sity
in War saw, Poland
4(320)2024, 74–92
DOI: 10.33119/GN/190908
gnpje.sgh.waw.pl
Słowa kluczowe:
Polska, kointegracja, średnie i duże
przedsiębiorstwo, sektor przemysłu
przetwórczego, model wektorowej
korekty błędu
Kody klasyfikacji JEL :
C32, E20, E60, G30, L60
Historia artykułu:
nadesłany: 22 listopada 2023 r.
poprawiony: 24 maja 2024 r.
zaakceptowany: 8 lipca 2024 r.
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
75
-
Introduction
-
Alperovych etal., 2019Audretsch, 2018Bloch and Bhattacharya, 2016Zając etal.,
2021-
Ordeñana etal., 2019
Korzyński, 2014
Korzyński etal., 2023
Karaś,
2020
Ianioglo, Põlajeva, 2016
Smyth 2000
Varum
and Rocha 2013
Harvey and Jones 1992
Ahrend and Martins 2003
Barrow and Hall 1995
Guo etal., 2020
Dresler, Czekaj,
2016
Sierpińska,
Jachna, 2007-
Michalak, 2007-
Walica, 1999-
-
Janik, Gałązka, 2014
Szymczak, 2017
76 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
Milewski, Kwiatkowski, 2005
-
King 1974-
Tokuoka 2012
Mlambo and Oshikoya 2001
Rashid and Saeed 2017-
Białowolski and Węziak-Białowolska 2014
-
Grundy and Johnson 1993-
Männasoo and Maripuu 2015
Fernández-Gámez etal. 2020-
Aytürk 2017-
Farla 2014
Issah and Antwi 2017
Cieślik 2019
Cieślik, 2020
Sytnik etal. 2019
Walkenhorst 2004
Sachpazidu-Wójcicka 2017
Lisowski etal.
2021
-
-
-
-
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
77
Literature review
-
-
Białowolski, Węziak-Białowolska,
2014
-
-
Barro, 1990Mankiw, 2010
Sepehrdoust, Shabkhaneh, 2018-
Mijiyawa, 2013
-
Bleaney, 1996
-
Mishkin, 2016
Romer, 2012
-
Blanchard etal. 2017
Mankiw 2015
-
Aghion
etal. 2010Kopp etal., 2019-
-
Barro, 1990Aschauer
1989
Afonso, Sousa, 2012Pérez-Montiel and Manera Erbina
78 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
2019
-
Bhatia and Mitchell 2016
Fiebiger 2018-
Zhang and Guo 2020
-
Boamah etal. 2018
Amighini et al. 2017
Zaidi etal. 2019
Rules and Rules 1992-
-
Kitao 2008
Bayer 2008
-
-
Helpman etal., 2004
-
Handley, Limão, 2017
Melitz,
2003He and Huang 2021
Montobbio and Rampa 2005
-
Liu and Lu 2015
Ottaviano and Volpe Martincus 2009
Esaku 2020
-
-
Grossman, Helpman, 1991Gonchar and Kuznetsov 2018
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
79
Yang etal. 2004
Siedschlag and Yan 2021
Li etal. 2018
Swi 2006
Mohamed and Youssef 2004
Nucci and Pozzolo 2001-
Sercu and Vanhulle
1992
Lee 2017
Lotfal-
ipour etal. 2013
Atella etal. 2003-
-
Aghion etal., 2009
Allayannis, Ofek, 2001
Nickell, Nicolitsas, 1999
-
Draca etal., 2011
Edmans, 2012
-
-
Chirinko, 1993
Fazzari etal., 1988-
Modigliani, Miller, 1958-
Bernanke, Gertler, 1995Suyuan and Khurshid 2015
80 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
Ang 2009
-
Ratti etal. 2011-
Yoon and Ratti 2011-
Ai etal.
2020
Lin and Moubarak 2014Sadath and Acharya 2015
Uri 19801981
Hus-
son 2013
Oesch 2010
Jackman etal. 1990Bernoth and Colavecchio 2014-
-
-
-
Nah, Lavoie, 2017
Teixeira, Petrini, 2023Deleidi, Mazzucato, 2019
Haluska etal., 2021Freitas, Christianes, 2020
-
-
-
Teixeira, Petrini, 2023Deleidi, Mazzucato, 2019
-
Freitas, Serrano, 2015-
Basu, Budhiraja, 2021
Nah, Lavoie, 2019
Basu, Budhiraja, 2021Gabrisch,
2021
Basu, Budhiraja, 2021
Gabrisch,
2021-
Borsato, Lorentz,
2023
Pariboni, 2016
Molero-Simarro, 20152017
-
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
81
Araujo, Moreira, 2021Hartwig, 2014
Pariboni, 2016-
Serrano, Freitas, 2017
-
-
-
Methodology
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
82 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
Granger, 1993
Janik, Gałązka, 2014
-
Charemza, Deadman, 1997
Favero, 2001Malczyk, 2011
Granger, 1981
Hendry, 1995Johansen, 1991Sims, 1972-
Engle, Granger, 1987Johansen,
1988Maddala, 2006Welfe, 1995Engle, Granger, 1987
Majsterek, 2014
-
-
-
Coleman, 2012Krugman, Wells, 2022
Engle, Granger, 1991Majsterek, 2014
Majsterek, 2014
Results
-
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
83
-
-
Table 1. Description and summary of descriptive statistics for the time series used
Time series [label] Mean Median Standard
deviation
Coefficient
of Variation Skewness Kurtosis
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] . . . . . .
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] . . . . . .
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] . . . . . .
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] . . . . . .
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] . . . . . –.
Gross Domestic Product [PKB] . . . . –. .
Domestic demand [PK] . . . . –. .
Final consumption expenditure [SP] . . . . –. .
Consumption expenditure in households
sector [K] . . . . –. .
Public consumption [SPB] . . . . –. .
Gross capital formation [AKU] . . . . . .
Exports [EXP] . . . . –. .
Imports [IMP] . . . . –. .
Exchange rate EUR/PLN [EURPLN] . . . . –. .
Wage dynamics in the economy (y/y) [WAGE] . . . . . .
Interest rates WIBORM [WIBORM] . . . . . –.
CPI Energy (y/y) [CPI_ENERGY] . . . . . .
Unemployment rate [BEZR] . . . . –. –.
-
Socha, Wdowiński, 2018
-
Elliott etal., 1996-
Elliott
etal., 1996
Stock, Watson, 2007
Malczyk, 2011
Socha, Wdowiński, 2018
84 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
Table 2. ADF-GLS test results for the tested time series
Time series [label] ADF-GLS test with intercept and linear trend
H: I(), H: I() H: I(), H: I() H: I(), H: I()
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] –. –.***
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] –. –.***
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] –. –.***
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] –. –.***
Investment to revenue ratio PKD [Y] –. –.***
GDP growth [PKB] –.* –.**
[PK] –.* –.* –.***
[SP] –.* –.**
[K] –.* –.**
[SPB] –.***
[AKU] –.* – .**
[EXP] –.***
[IMP] –.**
[EURPLN] –.**
[WAGE] –. –. –.***
[WIBORM] –. –.***
[CPI_ENERGY] –. –. –.**
[BEZR] –. –. –.***
α α α
α
-
-
Johansen, 1988
Majsterek, 2014
Johansen, Juselius, 1990
-
Hansen, Johansen, 1999
Syczewska, 2014
Table 3. Cointegration analysis using the Johansen method – results of the trace test
Order Eigenvalue Trace test [p value]
. . [.]
. . [.]
. . [.]
. . [.]
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
85
α
-
-
-
Salamaga, 2015
Table 4. Results of VECM model estimation
Explanatory
variables
Modelled variable DYt in the VECM model
DPKD DPKD DPKD DPKD DPKD
DPKD_ −.*** −. −. .* −.
DPKD_ . −.* . −. .*
DPKD_ −. . −.*** . .
DPKD_ .** −.** . . −.
DPKD_ . .** . −.* .
PKB . −.*** . .* −.
SP . .** −. −. −.
K −. −. −. . .
AKU .* . −. . .
WIBORM −. −. −. . −.
S −.*** −.*** −.*** −.*** −.***
S −. −. −. . −.
S −. −.*** −.*** . −.*
time −. .** −. −.*** .
const −. .** −. −.* .
EC −.* .*** −. −.*** .**
R squared .% .% .% .% .%
-
ααα
-
-
-
-
-
-
86 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
Conclusions
-
-
-
Becchetti, 2007
-
-
-
-
-
-
References
Applied Economics
Post-Communist Economies
Journal of International
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
87
-
Applied Economics
Economics
Nowa ekonometria
Journal of Economic Literature
88 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
Econometrica
Economics
Applied Economics
Applied Macroeconomics
Empirica
Journal of Econo-
metrics
-
Metroeconomica
Econometrics Journal
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
89
-
Ekonomia
Econo-
-
-
Central
International
Macroeconomics
-
Journal of International
90 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…
Ekonometria
Macroeconomics
Principles of Economics
Journal of
European
GOSPODARKA NARODOWA / The Polish Journal of Economics / 4(320)2024
91
-
-
European Journal
Corporate
-
nomiczne
92 Adam Zając, Michał Wielechowski, Krzysztof Smoleń, Dariusz Karaś, Macroeconomic Determinants…