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A review on Ethnomedical use of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. and its potentiality towards the development of antimicrobial agents and pesticides
Abstract
Fish bean, Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f is among of potential medicinal plant species in the genus Tephrosia. It has been traditionally used to cure human and animal ailments including fungal and bacterial diseases though not exhaustively scientifically reported. Similarly, its extracts have been locally used to control vectors and pests in small scale farming though the drug development from its extracts and phytochemicals is not reported. Thus, this review focused to unveil its ethnomedical and pharmaceutical potentiality with emphasis towards development of antimicrobial agents and pesticides. Data collection for the review was based on the published paper searched globally in several sources including Web of Sciences, Google scholar, and publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Taylor and Francis. Evidently, data from literature revealed various bioactivity studies which uncovered potentiality of this species towards development of pesticides and antimicrobial agents. This review hereby promotes the present bioactive secondary metabolites of Tephrosia vogelii, and thought-provoking emphases on either herbal formulation or development of pesticides and antimicrobial agents. The reported pharmacological value of various secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and rotenoids explains potentiality of this medicinal plant. Moreover, data generated from this review on medicinal value of the T. vogelii offer and emphasizes medicinal consciousness towards development of pesticides and antimicrobial agents for improvement of human health settings and agricultural production particularly management of crop pests and diseases.
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Plant extracts have been used as alternatives to the conventional chemical water treatment. Moringa oleifera Lam. is one of the plants used for this purpose due to its antimicrobial and coagulant properties. However, there is no systematization of Moringa’s application methodology. Different parts of the plant, extraction methods and concentrations can be applied to remove several pathogens present in contaminated drinking water. In the present work, reported Moringa applications with antimicrobial effect were systematically reviewed, in order to identify effective methodology(ies) for water treatment. Forty-nine articles were screened for: (1) part of the plant used, (2) extraction method, (3) extract concentration, (4) targeted pathogens, and (5) inhibition zone obtained. Nine articles complied with these criteria and were carefully analyzed; eight of them reported on leaf extracts and only one on seed extracts. Two approaches were used: analysis by pathogen and overall analysis. A total of eight different extraction methods were reported. Extract concentrations used ranged from 0.02 to 800 mg mL⁻¹ and were tested on twenty pathogens. Our analysis revealed that none of such methods is effective against all the tested pathogens. However, leaf extracts obtained with distilled water or with 95% ethanol were the most effective ones for a higher number of pathogens such as Escherichia coli and, possibly, Vibrio cholerae. Moreover, Moringa’s extract concentration of 30 mg mL⁻¹ obtained by the 95% ethanol extraction method was the most efficient. Findings suggest an effective procedure to use Moringa, reinforcing its importance as an environmentally friendly alternative for water treatment in areas lacking a water supply system.
Tannins are water-soluble natural polyphenols mainly present in plant-based materials, including food. Tannins play a very significant role as a raw material for sustainable green industries. Therefore, they are mainly used in diverse types of industries such as leather, feed, fisheries, beverages, etc. They also find application as potential medicinal agents, antioxidants, metal chelators; and cater as inhibitors of harmful pro-oxidative enzymes and of lipid peroxidation process. Recently, several important properties like antiseptics, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory of tannins have been documented in the human that make them suitable candidates for pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical industries. Because of current concerns related to synthetic compounds used in the human health and food industries, which leave highly adverse effects on the human body and environment, tannins can offer an alternative to these harmful chemicals in recently emerging industries.
Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been widely used against dreadful pathogens due to their ability to kill microbes. Also, the limitations of the present treatment methods have led the researchers to explore for new formulations with aspects of better wound healing and control of infections. In the present study antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of a polyherbal formulation prepared from the barks of three medicinal plants for treating wound infection were investigated. The polyherbal formulation was tested for broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and antifungal activity against Fluconazole resistant Candida albicans. The result reveals that the polyherbal formulation exhibited antimicrobial activity against antibiotic resistant gram-positive MRSA and C. albicans and moderate against gram-negative P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. typhi. The antioxidant activities like 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability of the formulation was compared with standard ascorbic acid. The higher antioxidant activity was found mostly due to the presence of higher amount of phenols and flavonoids. The phenol was found to be 48.63 ± 0.35 mg/g and flavonoids was 29.52 ± 1.13 mg/g. The polyherbal formulation helps in the proliferation of fibroblast cells without affecting the viability. The above result reveals that the formulation has good antimicrobial and antioxidant activity without affecting the viability of the cell.
Human societies have been in close contact with their environments since the beginning of their formation and used the ingredients of the environment to obtain food and medicine. Awareness and application of plants to prepare food and medicine have been realized through trial and error, and gradually human became able to meet his needs from his surroundings. Information about medicinal plants has long been transmitted gradually and from generation to generation, a human knowledge has gradually become complete with the formation of civilizations and the provision of more facilities. Medicinal plants are used as a medical resource in almost all cultures. Ensuring the safety, quality and effectiveness of medicinal plants and herbal drugs very recently became a key issue in industrialized and developing countries. By standardizing and evaluating the health of active plant-derived compounds, herbal drugs can help the emergence of a new era of the healthcare system to treat human diseases in the future. Awareness of traditional knowledge and medicinal plants can play a key role in the exploitation and discovery of natural plant resources. In order to maintain this knowledge, comprehensive approach and collaboration are needed to maintain historical records on medicinal plants and use these resources in favour of human beings, before they are destroyed forever. Therefore, this review was conducted to investigate and describe the process of using medicinal plants throughout history. This review focuses on the recent various important challenges in quality evaluation of medicinal plants in the authenticity, efficacy, toxicity and consistency.
Abstract Background Conventional targeted leishmanicidal chemotherapy has persistently remained prohibitive for most economically deprived communities due to costs, associated time to accessing health services and duration for successful treatment programme. Alternatives are bound to be incorporated in rational management of leishmaniasis by choice or default due to accessibility and cultural beliefs. Therefore, there is need to rigorously investigate and appraise the activity of medicinal compounds that may have anti-leishmanicidal activity especially in the context of products that are already being utilized by the populations for other ailments but have limited information on their therapeutic value and possible cytoxicity. Hence, the study examined both in vivo and in vitro response of L. major infection to Tephrosia vogelii extracts in BALB/c mice as the mouse model. Methods A comparative study design was applied for the in vivo and in vitro assays of the extract with Pentostam (GlaxoSmithKline, UK) and Amphotericin B [Fungizone™, X-Gen Pharmaceuticals (US)] as standard drugs. Results In BALB/c mice where the chemotherapeutic extract was administered intraperitoneally, there was significantly (p
We describe stereocontrolled semi-syntheses of deguelin and tephrosin, anti-cancer rotenoids isolated from Tephrosia vogelii. Firstly, we present a new two-step transformation of rotenone into rot-2'-enonic acid via a zinc-mediated ring opening of rotenone hydrobromide. Secondly, following conversion of rot-2'-enonic acid into deguelin, a chromium-mediated hydroxylation provides tephrosin as a single diastereoisomer. An Étard-like reaction mechanism is proposed to account for the stereochemical outcome. Our syntheses of deguelin and tephrosin are operationally simple, scalable and high yielding, offering considerable advantages over previous methods.
Ethnobotanical investigation revealed the use of Alafia barteri Oliv., Allium ascalonicum L., Alstonia
congensis Engl., Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev., Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth., Capsicum
frutescens L., Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook f. ex Benth., Erythophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.)
Brenan, Grewia flavescens Juss., Khaya ivorensis A. Chev., Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., Lophira alata
Banks ex C.F. Gaertn., Macaranga barteri Mull. Arg., Olax subscorpoioidea Oliv., Plumbago zeylanica L.,
Tephrosia vogelli L., Tetracera alnifolia Willd., Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub., Triclisia
subcordata Oliv., and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal.) A. Rich. in the management of breast cancer in Ogun
State, Nigeria. The prevalence of breast cancer in Nigeria was 15.3 per 100,000 in 1976 and 33.6 per
100,000 in 1992. Breast cancer is the leading malignancy in the South Western Nigeria; it is second to
cancer of the cervix in the north-west. In north-central, 22.41% of new cancer was registered for breast
cancer in five years and accounted for 35.41% of all cancers in women. The limitations of orthodox
drugs such as cost, accessibility, effectiveness, and side effects necessitate the search for cheap, safe
and effective phytomedicine in cancer management. Thus, this paper reviewed twenty plants used
traditionally for the management of breast cancer; this was with a view to presenting them for future
research activities and scientific validation of their potency in cancer regimen.
Key words: Ethnobotanicals, breast cancer, traditional recipes, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Background:
Traditional medicine remains the only health care available in many rural areas in Madagascar like the rural community of Ambalabe, located in a very remote area in the eastern part of the country. With limited access to modern medicine, the local population uses medicinal plants to treat most diseases. In this study, we aimed to inventory medicinal plants used by local people and how those relate to the treatment of the most frequent diseases encountered in Ambalabe.
Methods:
We interviewed participants in order to identify the most frequent diseases in the region and the medicinal plants used to treat them. The local physician was asked about the most frequent diseases, and ethnobotanical surveys to record medicinal plants and their uses, using semi-structured interviews and free listing, were conducted among 193 informants in local villages, of which 54 % were men and 46 % were women, ageing from 16 to 86 years. The local names, the uses of each plant species and the way they are prepared and administered were recorded and accompanied by herbarium specimens for identification. We also interviewed four traditional healers to elicit more details on the preparation and the use of plants.
Results:
Our research allowed us to identify six most frequent diseases, namely diarrhea, malaria, stomach-ache, cough, bilharzia and dysentery. Among 209 plant species identified as having medicinal use, 83 species belonging to 49 families and 77 genera were used to treat these diseases. Our analyses highlighted the 11 commonly used species for their treatment, and also 16 species with a high fidelity level (FL ≥ 75 %) for each ailment. Diarrhea is one of the diseases with high number of species recorded.
Conclusions:
This study highlighted the closed relationship between people in Ambalabe and plant species, especially when faced with frequent diseases. However, most of the species used were collected in the surroundings of the villages. Few species were from Vohibe forest in which a management system on the use of plant species was already established. Therefore, a sustainable use management should be considered for wild species from which medicinal plants are highly abundant.
Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of some Tephrosia species against the larvae; Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. These plants have proven to have insecticidal properties and regenerate quickly. Reduction of mosquito borne diseases by killing mosquitoes at the larva stage is bio-control alternative method in the rural area since most of people cannot afford mosquito treated nets. Methods: The mosquito larvicidal test was performed on the two species by using ethanolic phyto-extracts according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocol with minor modifications. Results: Activity study of Tephrosia vogelii has shown that leaves are more active than other parts of the plants. The anopheles species exhibited more resistance compared to culex species by the factor of 4. The crude extract from the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii revealed 100% mortality rate against Anopheles gambiae at 235µg/ml and LC50 of 94.77µg/ml compared to 100% mortality rate against Culex quinguefasciatus at 55µg/ml and LC50 of 19.696µg/ml. The inter-species activity comparison indicated that larvicidal potential of Tephrosia species evaluated are in order of T. vogelii> T. villosa> T. aequilata> T. pumila. Conclusion: The findings revealed that, these species are potential alternative bio-control agents in the control of the mosquito borne diseases. Leaves exhibited better activity than other parts of the plant and the trends of the species activity towards both mosquito larvae after 72h exposure time are as followed: T. vogelii > T. villosa > T. aequilata > T. pumila. Generally, Anopheles gambiae larvae were more resistant than culex quinquefasciatus. It is interesting to mention that, our results are comparable to the recently discovered larvicidal product called Bacillus Thuringiensis, subsp. Israeliensis (BTI®) claimed to be specific to targeted mosquito larva.
Skin diseases are numerous and a frequently occurring health problem affecting all ages from the neonates to the elderly and cause harm in number of ways. Maintaining healthy skin is important for a healthy body. Many people may develop skin diseases that affect the skin, including cancer, herpes and cellulitis. Some wild plants and their parts are frequently used to treat these diseases. The use of plants is as old as the mankind. Natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. It is also suitable raw material for production of new synthetic agents. A review of some plants for the treatment of skin diseases is provided that summarizes the recent technical advancements that have taken place in this area during the past 17 years.
Marketed plants are very important items of trade in many parts of the world. The community uses these for a variety of purposes such as foods, cosmetics, flavors, spices, and medicines. It seems that plants that are used for medicinal purposes form the most common category. Four plants used for treatment of microbial infections, viz., Bolusanthus speciosus, Erythrina latissima, Crotalaria podocarpa, and Elephantorrhiza goetzei, were investigated, and these yielded several known and novel structures, some with appreciable antibiotic activity against the test organisms. The activity of some of the isolated plants and the parts of the plant from which these were obtained lend support to their traditional use. Bulbine abyssinica and B. capitata yielded phenylanthraquinones, some of which were shown to possess strong antiplasmodial activity. In addition, these yielded isofuranonaphthoquinones, which were also found to be weakly antiplasmodial and antioxidant. Scilla nervosa yielded several known and novel homoisoflavoinds of the 3-benzylchroman-4-ones and 3-benzylidinechroman-4-one type, as well as some stilbenoids. The homoisoflavonoids showed strong antitumor activity against various cancer cell lines. Rhus pyroides gave a novel bichalcone, which showed weak antifeedant activity, consistent with the observation by farmers that the plant was avoided by corn cricket. Results from investigated Dorstenia species originating from Cameroon, Ethiopia, and Tanzania yielded styrenes, coumarins, chalcones, and flavonoids. The chalcones and flavonoids showed various levels of prenylation or geranylation, and an observation made so far is that prenylated flavonoids are only found in Dorstenia species of African origin. The only example of a bis-geranylated chalcone is found in Dorstenia.
An ethnomedical survey in Coast, Dar es Salaam, Morogoro and Tanga regions of Tanzania has resulted in the identification of 36 plant species belonging to 21 plant families that are used traditionally for the treatment of Candida infections. Twenty-one plants constituting 58.3% of all collected plants are used to treat of oral candidiasis (Utando) one of the important signs of HIV/AIDS. The knowledge of traditional healers for the treatment of Candida infections has been highly supported by the literature in that 13 (36.1%) out of the 36 plants identified have been proven to be active against Candida albicans and/or other species of Candida. Also, some of the plants were reported to be active against other species of fungi including Cryptococcus neoformans, one of the important pathogenic fungi in HIV/AIDS. It can be seen that ethnomedical information from traditional healers provides a solid lead towards development of new drugs than random screening. The task that remains is to screen extracts prepared from these plants and perform a bioassay-guided fractionation of the active extracts so as to isolate the active compounds from these plants.
Tephrosia, the plant genus belongs to the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the major group of angiosperms (flowering plants) that comprises more than 350 species which is widely distributed in the regions of tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Since the herbal medicine is in demand due to its fewer associated side effects, the genus Tephrosia is extensively used for the treatment of large number of diseases in traditional medicines. The main aim of this review is to summarize and document the phytochemical and pharmacological activities performed on Tephrosia genus. To promote the continual use of these plants and in order to plan for the future studies, it becomes important to provide a basis by combining a number of available information into a single data covering the different aspects of the plant.
Mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce malaria prevalence or incidence. However, vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. In this research, the leaf aqueous leachate of Tephrosia vogelii was evaluated for its toxicity against larvae of the most invasive mosquito worldwide, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), and towards adults of the water flea, Daphnia magna (Cladocera: Crustacea) and Oreochromis niloticus, two non-target aquatic organisms that share the same ecological niche of A. albopictus. The leaf aqueous leachate of T. vogelii was evaluated against fourth-instar larvae, non-blood fed 3-5 days old laboratory strains of A. albopictus under laboratory condition. In addition, the objective of the present work was to study the environmental safety evaluation for aquatic ecosystem. Mortality was then recorded after 7d exposure. The leaf aqueous leachate of T. vogelii showed high mosquitocidal activity against larvae of A. albopictus, with a LC50=1.18ug/mL. However, it had a remarkable acute toxicity also towards adults of the non-target arthropod D. magna, with a LC50=0.47ug/L and O. niloticus with a LC50=5.31ug/L. The present findings have important implications in the practical control of mosquito larvae in the aquatic ecosystem as the medicinal plants studied are commonly available in large quantities. The extract could be used in stagnant water bodies for the control of mosquitoes acting as vector for many communicable diseases.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
All parts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. (Fabaceae) is used in tropical Africa for numerous ethno-medical and traditional veterinary practices. The leaf is ichthyotoxic and has been used as insecticide, rodenticide and anthelminthic. It has also been used as abortifacient and to induce menses. The leaf macerate is purgative and emetic, while the sap is used to treat diarrhoea. The leaf-sap and root scrapings are used as ear and tooth ache remedies, respectively. Extracts from the roots have been used as molluscicide. The plant extracts have also been used in the treatment of tuberculosis, typhoid fever and localized fungal infections. The biological activities are due mainly to rotenoids isolated from the plant. In conclusion, T. vogelii has a great potential in the therapy and prophylaxis of animal and human diseases.Nigerian Veterinary Journal Vol. 28 (3) 2007 pp. 24-39
From the roots, leaves and pods of Tephrosia pentaphylla three new 6-oxygenated rotenoids (dihydrostemonal, 9-demethyldihydrostemonal and 6-acetoxydihydrostemonal) were isolated and characterized. In addition six known rotenoids (villosin, sumatrol, rotenone, cis-12a-hydroxyrotenone, 6-hydroxyrotenone and α-toxicarol) and the flavanone obovatin were obtained. A similar analysis of the roots of T. fulvinervis yielded only known rotenoids (α-toxicarol, deguelin, munduserone, cis-12a-hydroxymunduserone) and the common pterocarpan (-)-maackiain.
This study aimed to determine the rotenoid content of leaf extracts of the white (TVW) and purple (TVP) varieties of Tephrosia vogelii, both collected in North-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo and to evaluate their in vitro acaricidal efficacy on the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. The high performance liquid chromatography analysis of rotenoid compounds from those extracts revealed that the contents of rotenone and deguelin were respectively higher in the leaves of TVW (0.044% and 1.13%) than in TVP (0.014% and 0.66%). Batches of 20 live adult ticks were immersed for 15min in six different doses of each plant extract (0.625; 1.25; 2.5; 5; 10 and 20mg/mL of distilled water) and in the solution of Milbitraz(®) (12.5%m/v emulsifiable concentrate of amitraz) as a positive control. Additionally 9.5% ethanol and distilled water control groups were included. Tick mortalities were recorded every 24h for 5 days. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the acaricidal effect of Milbitraz(®) and the plant material used at a dose of at least 2.5 or 5mg/mL for TVW and TVP respectively. However, the dose response relationship determined at the fifth day after treatment showed a similar acaricidal effect for the two plant varieties with similar lethal dose 50 (LD(50)) of 0.83 and 0.81mg/mL for TVW and TVP respectively. It is concluded that T. vogelii leaves may be used for the control of R. appendiculatus in areas where synthetic acaricides are either not available or affordable. However, T. vogelii extract should be sprayed in order to limit the potential risks of ecotoxicity linked to rotenoid compounds.
BACKGROUND: Tomato, one of the most important vegetables worldwide, contains a range of flavonoids and phenolic acids in addition to lycopene, which are regarded as potentially useful compounds with respect to health benefits. Composition data in fresh tomatoes vary due to genetic and environmental factors and cultural practices. Breeding programs aim to produce tomatoes with enhanced levels of flavonoids and other phenolics.
RESULTS: The present paper gives an overview of flavonoids, stilbenoids and other phenolics reported to occur in tomato fruits. Contents are reported for a wide range of cultivars and types. Metabolism of phenolics during fruit maturation and tissue location are described, and an overview of measured contents is given. Effects of environmental conditions and cultural practices are estimated using available literature. Recent literature on transgenic tomatoes is included, and possibilities for regulating phenolic contents in tomatoes are discussed.
CONCLUSION: The literature review clearly discloses a rapidly growing interest in flavonoids and other phenolics in tomato fruits and products made thereof. This is particularly connected to the antioxidant properties of these compounds as well as other possible health effects. Choice of cultivar and effects of environment and agronomic practices are important factors with respect to phenolic qualities and quantities of tomatoes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. (Leguminosae) is being promoted as a pest control and soil enrichment agent for poorly-resourced small-scale farmers in southern and eastern Africa. This study examined plants being cultivated by farmers and found two chemotypes. Chemotype 1 (C1) contained rotenoids, including deguelin, rotenone, sarcolobine, tephrosin and α-toxicarol, required for pest control efficacy. Rotenoids were absent from chemotype 2 (C2), which was characterised by prenylated flavanones, including the previously unrecorded examples (2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1Z-enyl)flavanone, (2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-8-(3-methylbut-1,3-dienyl)flavanone, (2S)-4'-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6″,6″-dimethylpyrano[2″,3″:7,8]flavanone, (2S)-5-methoxy-6″,6″-dimethyl-4″,5″-dihydrocyclopropa[4″,5″]furano[2″,3″:7,8]flavanone, (2S)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone, and (2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6″,6″-dimethylpyrano[2″,3″:7,8]flavanone. The known compounds (2S)-5-methoxy-6″,6″-dimethylpyrano[2″,3″:7,8]flavanone (obovatin 5-methyl ether) and 5,7-dimethoxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1Z-enyl)flavone (Z-tephrostachin) were also found in C2. This chemotype, although designated Tephrosia candida DC. in collections originating from the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), was confirmed to be T. vogelii on the basis of morphological comparison with verified herbarium specimens and DNA sequence analysis. Sampling from 13 locations in Malawi where farmers cultivate Tephrosia species for insecticidal use indicated that almost 1 in 4 plants were T. vogelii C2, and so were unsuitable for this application. Leaf material sourced from a herbarium specimen of T. candida contained most of the flavanones found in T. vogelii C2, but no rotenoids. However, the profile of flavonol glycosides was different to that of T. vogelii C1 and C2, with 6-hydroxy-kaempferol 6-methyl ether as the predominant aglycone rather than kaempferol and quercetin. The structures of four unrecorded flavonol glycosides present in T. candida were determined using cryoprobe NMR spectroscopy and MS as the 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-galactopyranoside, 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, and 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[(3-O-E-feruloyl)-α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-galactopyranosides of 6-hydroxykaempferol 6-methyl ether. Tentative structures for a further 37 flavonol glycosides of T. candida were assigned by LC-MS/MS. The correct chemotype of T. vogelii (i.e. C1) needs to be promoted for use by farmers in pest control applications.
An ethnobotanical study was carried out in six villages in the Bunda district, Mara Region, Tanzania, where the use of plants still has a special meaning to the society, in the treatment of various diseases. Information was obtained from the traditional healers and other experienced persons, having some knowledge on medicinal plants. Fifty-two plants were reported for use in the treatment of various infectious diseases. These plants belong to 29 families, with Papilionaceae being the most represented. Leaves ranked the highest, especially for use in topical preparations. Oral administration was the most frequently used route of administration. Twenty-one percent of the recorded plants were reported for treating venereal diseases, with syphilis and gonorrhea being the most commonly mentioned. Information providers requested feedback with regard to the plants proven scientifically to be toxic in order to avoid risks while offering their services. From this work it was found out that, people in this area commonly use medicinal plants with trust they have built on the curative outcome witnessed. As the first ethnobotanical study in Bunda district recording 52 plants in a small area covered, publication of this work is expected to open up more studies to record many useful medicinal plants unfolded.
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