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Description of a new Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) species with a key to all species of this genus
Abstract
The family Hippoboscidae Samouelle, 1819 includes approximately 213 species. The genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is one of the largest louse fly genera and now includes 31 species. These flies are parasites of different small birds from the order Passeriformes. Many of them specifically prefer swallows as hosts. Swallows have a wide beak, short legs, dense plumage and poor preening abilities. They feed in flight and therefore do not associate insects in their nests with food. A new species of the genus Ornithomya, O. delichoni sp. nov., is described. A female of O. delichoni sp. nov. was collected in the Spassk district of Primorskiy Territory (Far East, Russia) from western house martin. The new species differs from other Ornithomya species from this region in its combined length of the head and thorax, eye width, number of large setae on the scutellum, and arrangement of microtrichia on the wings. The new species is named after the bird from which the fly was collected. An updated key for 32 species of the genus Ornithomya, including the new one, is provided. These key is based on the following morphological features: head and thorax length combined, wing length, number of scutellum and mesonotum setae, ratio of sections of costal vein between junctions of R1 and R2+3 and between junctions of R2+3 and R4+5 and arrangement of wing microtrichia. Additionally, known data on the hosts and distribution of the Ornithomya species are provided.
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The available keys for European Hippoboscidae are outdated and do not cover all species currently known from Europe. Therefore, identification keys to the eleven genera and 31 species of the European hippo-boscids are provided here. Ornithomya comosa (Austen, 1930) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) is recorded for the first time from the territory of Slovakia based on one female found on a sand martin, Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758). The list of keds and louse flies recorded from the territory of Slovakia is increased to 20 species. New host records for Slovakia are presented.
We report seven species of bird louse flies (Hippoboscidae) collected from 33 bird hosts from Muraviovka Park for Sustainable Land Use (Amur Oblast, Russia). Overall, there is a distinct majority of female flies. Our record of Icosta holoptera represents the first observation in Russia. DNA barcoding showed Ornithomya aobatonis as a valid species (stat. rev., Ornithomya avicularia aobatonis). This species is the one most frequently observed in our investigations. Our records represent a westward expansion of the known distribution ranges of all species, which were previously restricted to an isolated area in the easternmost part of Russia and the neighboring border regions. Our records of Ornithomya chloropus suggest a gap closure the western distribution area. Five of the louse flies (5.6%) served as phorents for mites (Acari) and their egg deposits.
The list of all known locality and host records from the literature on louse flies from Slovakia are summarized, with the addition of new collection data. New locality data are provided for five species. Three species are added to the Slovakian list: Icosta minor (Bigot in Thomson, 1858), which was erroneously cited for Moravia instead of Slovakia in the previous checklist, and Ornithophila metallica (Schiner, 1864) and Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth, 1901), which were overlooked from the last checklist. As a result,
the louse fly fauna of Slovakia increases to 19 species: 12 autochtonous species and seven rare, non-native species only occasionally imported to Slovakia or migrating to the country with their hosts. This is by far the largest regional fauna of Hippoboscidae in Central Europe, and matches the richest southern European faunas. In total, 78 host-parasite associations concerning 46 bird-host species from eight orders and nine species of mammals, including humans, have been found from a literature review in Slovakia. Two
host-parasite associations are reported from Slovakia for the first time: Ornithomya avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758) on Prunella modularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Prunellidae) and Lipoptena fortisetosa Maa, 1965 on Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Hominidae).
West Nile virus (WNV) was detected by Taqman reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 4 of 85 (4.7%) blood-engorged (n = 2) and unengorged (n = 2) Icosta americana (Leach) hippoboscid flies that were collected from wild raptors submitted to a wildlife rehabilitation center in Mercer County, NJ, in 2003. This report represents an additional detection of WNV in a nonculicine arthropod in North America and the first documented detection of the virus in unengorged hippoboscid flies, further suggesting a possible role that this species may play in the transmission of WNV in North America.
A new species of the genus Ornithomya Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), O. strigilis sp. nov., is described from the Lazovsky Nature Reserve (southern part of Primorskiy Territory, the Far East of Russia). The new species differs from other Palaearctic species of Ornithomya in its large body size, the number of long setae on the scutellum, and the arrangement of microtrichia (setulae) on the wings. An updated key to the Palaearctic species of Ornithomya is provided.
Objective of research: To study the role of phoresy of the louse Mallophaga on the population of the louse-fly Hippoboscidae. Material and methods: In 1997–2015 more than 10000 birds were caught; from them about 2000 louse-flies Hippoboscidae were collected and studied. Results and discussion: 12 cases of phoresy of the louse Mallophaga on the louse-fly Hippoboscidae were recorded: 7 cases of phoresy of Columbicola columbae on pigeon louse flies Pseudolynchia canariensis collected from pigeons (Columba livia); one case — phoresy of the louse Ricinus rubeculae on the louse fly Orniyhomyia fringillina from the robin (Erithacus rubecula); one case — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly O. avicularia from the rook (Corvus frugilegus); one — phoresy of the louse on louse fly O. avicularia from the cuckoo (Cuculus canorus); one — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly Ornithoica turdi from the nightingale (Luscinia luscinia); one case — phoresy of the louse on the louse fly O. chloropus from Luscinia svecica.
This is the second issue under this title, but the third Monograph in this series by the same author treating the same family of parasitic flies. It largely completes a series of generic reviews of the world fauna in this family, part of which appeared in PACIFIC INSECTS or the JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY. The treatment is fairly exhaustive, with extensive discussion of phylogeny and host relationships. Twenty-five new species are described, in addition to a new genus and some new subgenera. There are nearly 400 drawings of structural details. This volume contains the following articles: (1) Synopses of the genera Ornithophila and Ornithoctona with remarks on their habitat diversification; (2) Revision of Icosta Speiser (=Lynchia auctt.) with erection of a new related genus Phthona; (3) Further notes on Lipopteninae; (4) Notes on the Hippoboscidae, II; (5) A revised checklist and concise host index of Hippoboscidae. There is an index to the entire volume.
SYNOPSIS
Two new species of the Ornithomya biloba‐group are described, one from Kenya and the second from Madagascar, and a revised key to the African species of this group is given. Records of other African Hippoboscidae from birds are included.
A survey of the bird-parasitizing louse flies (Omithomyini) in Israel was canied out between 1990 and 1993. Specimens belonging to 13 species were examined. Seven species were previously known from Israel (lcosta ardeae (Macquart), I. meda (Maa), I. minor (Bigot), Ornithoica turdi Olivier, Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth), Ornithophila metallica (Schiner), and Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart)), and six species are recorded as new to the Israeli fauna (Crataerina pallida Olivier, from swifts (Apus apus); Icosta zumpti Maa, from a buzzard (Buteo buteo); Ornithomya avicularia L., from a blackbird (Turdus merula) Ornithomya biloba Dufour, from swallows (Hirundo rustica) and sand martins (Riparia riparia) Ornithomya gigantea n. sp. (described here), from a blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla); and Ornithophila gestroi Rondani, from lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni)). Louse flies were found on 26 species of birds, 24 of which constitute new host records for Israel.
The African forms of the genus Ornithomya Latr. are briefly reviewed. Altogether 8 species in 3 groups are recognized as distinct, and O. marginalis (Natal, S. Africa) and O. Papillosa (Kivu, Congo), described as new. A synoptic key to the species and groups and short discussion on the faunal affinities are included.
A review of the systematics of the entire family, with a re-classification. As a result of examination of 88% of the existing type specimens, the family is reduced to 130 species, including 7 new species. These are arranged in 6 subfamilies, 19 genera and 42 species-groups. Keys to these categories are presented. Five neotypes and 48 lectotypes are designated, 10 new combinations suggested and type localities of 26 species fixed. The status of all published names is discussed, under alphabetical treatments. There is also a systematic list, with distribution and host records. New information is presented on unrevised collections of Rondani and Bigot.
The ♀♀ of Strelkoviacarus quadratus (Haller), S. critesi Spory, Microlichus avus (Trouessart), Mi. uncus Vitzthum, Myialges macdonaldi Evans et al. and My. anchora Sergent & Trouessart are redescribed, illustrated and keyed. The first five species were collected at Gibraltar Point and Fair Isle Bird Observatories, Britain, from Ornithomya flies taken from birds. My. anchora is included on the basis of records in the literature. Only adult ♀♀ mites were collected from flies. Different birds, and sometimes different flies, were preferred as hosts by the various mites. The mites were topographically separated on the flies. Some were invariably accompanied by eggs, while others were not. Also, there were definite seasonal variations in abundance which generally correlated with the seasonal occurrence of the flies on the hosts. All of the mites are assumed to be primarily skin or feather parasites of birds. In some cases adult ♀♀ are phoretic on the flies whereas in others they are hyperparasitic. The association of mites-flies-birds is the chief means of dispersal of mites from bird to bird.
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