A comparative study on Islamic and Western political ideologies-based on Islamic political philosophy

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PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
136
ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay;
fUj;jpay;fSf;fpilapyhd xg;gPl;L Ma;T - ,];yhkpa murpay;
nka;apaiy mbg;gilahff;nfhz;lJ
M. M. Firose
Department of Social Sciences,
Faculty of Arts & Culture,
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka
Correspondence: drfirosemm@seu.ac.lk
Ma;Tr;RUf;fk;
,t;tha;thdJ ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk;
epu;thf Kiwfis Muha;fpwJ. murpaypy; rkaj;jpd; gq;F> ePjp gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs;>
jiyikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; fl;likg;ig Muha;tjd; %yk;> ,e;j ,uz;L
nry;thf;Fkpf;f fUj;jpay;fSf;fpilapy; NtWghLfs; kw;Wk; xd;Wld; xd;W nfhz;Ls;s
njhlu;Gfis vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ. NkYk; ,t; xg;gPl;L Ma;T ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa
murpay; fUj;jpay;fSf;fpilNa cs;s nka;apay; kw;Wk; nray;ghl;L NtWghLfis
Mokhf Muha Kay;fpwJ. mjpfhuk;> r%fj;jpw;F epfuhf jdpegupd; gq;F kw;Wk; rkak;
kw;Wk; murpaiy rkaj;jpy; ,Ue;J gpupj;jy; Nghd;w fUj;Jf;fis Muha;tjd; %yk;>
,e;j fUj;jpay;fs; etPd R+oy;fspy; epu;thf rthy;fis vt;thW vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wd
vd;gij tpku;rd uPjpahf kjpg;gpLtij Ma;T Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,t;tpuz;L
mikg;Gfspd; gyk; kw;Wk; tuk;Gfisg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ gd;Kf fyhr;rhu r%fq;fspd;
rkfhy murpay; gpur;rpidfspy; kjpg;gPLfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa kw;Wk;
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fspd; xg;gPl;L Ma;T> mtw;wpd; mbg;gilf; nfhs;iffspy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f NtWghLfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf mtu;fspd; Ml;rp Kiw> ePjp
kw;Wk; rkaj;jpd; gq;F kw;Wk; tFg;Gthj nghWg;GfSf;F ,ilapyhd rkepiy
Mfpatw;wpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f NtWghLfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. my;-/guhgp kw;Wk; ,g;D
fy;J}d; Nghd;w mwpQu;fshy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay;>
rkaj;ij Ml;rpapd; midj;J mk;rq;fspYk; xUq;fpizf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;>
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; kjr;rhu;gpd;ik kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfis typAWj;Jfpd;w
mNjNtis rkaj;ij murpypUe;J gpupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W thjpLfpd;wd. Nkw;fj;jpa
murpay; rpe;jidapy; ePjp kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; Mokhf
xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ePjp> Fwpg;ghf rl;lk; kw;Wk; tpepNahfj;jpy; epahak;>
Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Rahl;rp Nghd;w jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLtij
cWjp nra;tjpy; ikakhf cs;sJ. vdNt ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay;
fUj;jpay;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd mbj;jsq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,it ,iw rl;lk;
kw;Wk; kjr;rhu;gw;w> kdpjid ikakhff; nfhz;l Ml;rp Kiwahd ePjp kw;Wk; nghJ
eyDf;fhd mf;fiwiag; gfpu;e;J nfhs;fpd;wd. mtu;fspd; Kjd;ik NtWghL murpay;
mjpfhuj;jpd; %yj;jpYk; nghJ tho;tpy; rkaj;jpd; gq;fpYk; cs;sJ. ,e;j
fUj;jpay;fis Mokhfg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ gy;NtW murpay; fyhr;rhuq;fSf;fpilapy;
NkYk; ca;u;ghd ciuahliyAk; xj;Jiog;igAk; tsu;f;Fk;.
jpwTr; nrhw;fs;: ,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jjpay;> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;> [dehafk;

PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
137
ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
mwpKfk;
Ml;rp> rl;lk; kw;Wk; r%fj;ij tbtikg;gjpy; murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.
,J xU ehl;by; cs;s murpay;> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f mikg;Gfspd; ek;gpf;iffs; kw;Wk;
ngWkhdq;fspd; njhFg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. nka;apay; vd;gJ rfyJiwfisAk; gw;wpa
mbg;gilahd cz;ikfis MuhAk; xU JiwahFk;. murpay; nka;apay; vd;gJ
rKjhaq;fspd; murpay; KiwikfisAk;> mtw;Wld; njhlu;Ggl;l vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;
gFg;gha;T nra;tJld; xU rupahd murpay; r%fk; vt;thW mika Ntz;Lk; vd;w cz;ikia
EZf;fkhf Ma;T nra;fpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd gFg;gha;Tf;Fs; ,];yhj;jpy; murpay; gw;wpa
vz;zf;fU ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;l my;-Fu;MidAk; mtdJ J}jupd;
NghjidfisAk; ikakhf nfhz;lNj ,];yhkpa nka;apayhFk;.
,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; cyfshtpa murpaypy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
nry;thf;F nfhz;l ,uz;L NtWgl;l fl;likg;Gfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa
murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfspy; Nt&d;wpAs;sJ> Kjd;ikahf Fu;Md; kw;Wk;
`jP]py; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ (Esposito & Voll> 2001). ,jw;F Neu;khwhf> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay;
fUj;jpay;> Fwpg;ghf mwpnthspf;Fg; gpe;ija> kjr;rhu;gpd;ik> [dehafk; kw;Wk; kf;fspd;
,iwahz;ik Mfpatw;why; tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ (Rawls, 2005). murpay; fUj;jpay;fs;>
tuyhW KOtJk; Ml;rp> rl;lk; kw;Wk; r%f xOq;if tbtikj;Js;sd. cyf tuyhw;wpy; kpf
Kf;fpakhd fUj;jpay; mikg;Gfspy; ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jidfs;
cs;sd> xt;nthd;Wk; r%fj;jpd; mikg;G kw;Wk; kf;fspd; MSiff;F (Ml;rp Kiwf;F)
jdpj;Jtkhd fl;likg;Gfis toq;Ffpd;wd. Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs;> Fwpg;ghf
mwpnthspf; fhyj;jpypUe;J> kjr;rhu;gpd;ik> jhuhska [dehafk; kw;Wk; jdpegu; cupikfis
typAWj;jpdhYk;> ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay; Fu;Md;> Rd;dh kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa rl;ltpay;
(\upM) mbg;gilapy; Md;kPf> newpKiw kw;Wk; rl;lf; Nfhl;ghLfis xUq;fpizf;fpwJ.
,];yhkpa murpay; rpe;jidapd; mbg;gilahdJ ,iwtdpd; ,iwahz;ik (Hakimiyyah)
kw;Wk; ePjpapd; fUj;J ((Adl)> mj;Jld; xU ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; (Ummah) jdpegu; kw;Wk;
$l;L cupikfSf;F ,ilapyhd rkepiy (Al-Azmeh, 1993) MFk;.
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs;> ghuk;gupa jhuhskak; Kjy; etPd [dehaf Nrhryprk; tiu>
kjk; kw;Wk; ehLfisg; gpupj;jy;> jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuq;fisg; ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; [dehaf Ml;rp
Kiwf;F Kd;Dupik mspf;fpd;wd. John Locke kw;Wk; Jean-Jacques Rousseau Nghd;w
rpe;jidahsu;fsplkpUe;J Karl Marx kw;Wk; John Stuart Mill tiu gy E}w;whz;Lfshf
nka;apay; tsu;r;rpapd; %yk; ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;fs; Njhz;wpAs;sd (Heywood, 2015). ,jw;F
Neu;khwhf> ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay;> murpay; mjpfhuk; ,iw rl;lj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ
vd;W typAWj;JfpwJ> NkYk; Ml;rpahsu;fs; jq;fs; kf;fSf;F kl;Lky;y> rkaf;

PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
138
ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
nfhs;iffSf;Fk; nghWg;Gf;$w Ntz;Lk;> epu;thfj;ij xU ePjpf;Fupa kw;Wk; murpay;
nghWg;ghf epu;zapf;fpwhu;fs; (Esposito, 2011).
murpay; fUj;jpay;fNs r%fq;fs; jq;fis xOq;fikj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd mbj;jskhf
nray;gLfpd;wd> epu;thf fl;likg;Gfs;> rl;l fl;likg;Gfs; kw;Wk; ePjp newpfSf;fhd
topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Ffpd;wd. cyfpy; kpfTk; gpugykhd fUj;jpay;fspy; ,];yhkpa kw;Wk;
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; kuGfs; cs;sd. ,e;j mikg;Gfs; mbg;gilapy; NtWgl;l ru;tNjr
fz;Nzhl;lq;fis gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay; rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfis
murpay; mjpfhuj;Jld; gpd;dpg; gpizf;fpwJ> mNjrkak; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs;
nghJthf kjr;rhu;gpd;ik kw;Wk; jdpkdpj Rahl;rpia typAWj;Jfpd;wd.
,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpayhdJ ,iw rl;lk; (\upM) kdpj tptfhuq;fSf;fhd kpf cau;e;j
topfhl;b vd;w ek;gpf;ifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,];yhkpa epu;thfk; ghuk;gupakhf
xU ePjp newpf;flikahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ> jiytu;fs; ePjp (adl), r%fj;jpd; eyd; (maslaha)
kw;Wk; ,iwtdpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F ,zq;f nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ (Al-
Farabi, 1985). “`hf;fpkpa;ah" (Hakimiyyah) my;yJ ,iwtdpd; ,iwahz;ik vd;w fUj;J
,];yhkpa Ml;rp Kiwapd; mbf;fy;yhf nray;gLfpwJ> ,J kf;fs; ,iwahz;ik gw;wpa
Nkw;fj;jpa fUj;Jld; fLikahf Kuz;gLfpwJ> mq;F mjpfhuk; kf;fspd; tpUg;gj;jpypUe;J
ngwg;gLfpwJ (Kamali, 2019). NkYk;> ,];yhkpa murpay; mikg;Gfspy;> rkak; kw;Wk;
murpaYf;F ,ilNa gpupg;G vJTk; ,y;iy> Vnddpy; ,uz;Lk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W rhu;e;j
fsq;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd> mit xOf;f kw;Wk; epahakhd epu;thfj;ij mila xd;whfr;
nray;gLfpd;wd (Esposito & Voll, 2001).
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs;> Fwpg;ghf mwpnthsp fhyj;jpypUe;J> jdpj;Jtk;> [dehafk;
kw;Wk; kjr;rhu;gpd;ik nfhs;iffisr; tsu;e;Js;sd. Njhk]; n`hg;];> N[hd; nyhf; kw;Wk;
[Pd;-n[f; &N]h Nghd;w rpe;jidahsu;fs; r%f xg;ge;jk;> kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; kj
mjpfhuj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;l rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp Mfpatw;iw typAWj;Jtjd; %yk; etPd jhuhsthj
[dehafj;jpw;fhd mwpTrhu; mbj;jsj;ij mikj;jdu; (Heywood, 2015). Nkw;fj;jpa murpay;
rpe;jidfs; ngUk;ghYk; Njthyaj;ijAk; muirAk; gpupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W thjpLfpd;wd>
murpay; tptfhuq;fspy; kj Nkyhjpf;fj;ijj; jLf;f jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; mur mjpfhuk;
NtWgl;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W thjpLfpwJ. ,J kjr;rhu;gw;w muRfspd; tsu;r;rpf;F
toptFj;jJ> Fwpg;ghf INuhg;gh kw;Wk; tl mnkupf;fhtpy;> jdpegu; cupikfs; ngUk;ghYk;
rka tpjpKiwfis tpl Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;J.

PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
139
ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
Ma;tpd; Nehf;fq;fs;:
1. ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fspy;; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfis
gFg;gha;T nra;jy;
2. Nkw;fj;jpa murpay;fspy; gpujhdkhf cs;s kjr;rhu;gw;w mZFKiwf;F khwhf>
,];yhkpa murpay; rpe;jid vt;thW rkaj;ij Ml;rp Kiwf;Fs; xUq;fpizf;fpwJ
vd;gij Muha;jy;.
3. Nkw;fj;jpa kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa ePjp kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fis
kjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
Kd;ida Ma;T gw;wpa fz;Nzhl;lk;; (Literature Review)
murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; gw;wpa Ma;T> Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; gw;wpa
Ma;Tfs; gy E}w;whz;Lfshf mwpthu;e;j Ma;Tf;F cl;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ. rkak;> epu;thfk;
kw;Wk; r%f fl;likg;Gfspd; gq;if gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;F ,e;j fUj;jpay;fisg;
Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ mtrpak;. ,e;j ,yf;fpa kPsha;T ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay;
fUj;jpay;fspd; xg;gPl;L Ma;tpy; Kf;fpa gq;fspg;ig Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fkhff;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Fu;Md; kw;Wk; K`k;kJ egpapd; Nghjidfspy; mbg;gilahf cs;s ,];yhkpa murpay;
nka;apay;> ngUk;ghYk; kjr;rhu;gw;w Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; kuGfspypUe;J fzprkhf NtWgLfpwJ.
my;-/guhgp> ,g;D rPdh kw;Wk; ,g;D fy;J}d; MfpNahu; ,e;jj; Jiwapy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd
rpe;jidahsu;fs;. my;-/guhgpapd; ‘Virtuous City’ (ey;y efuk;) jPu;f;fjuprd topfhl;liyg;
gpd;gw;Wk; xU nka;apayhsdhy;; epu;tfpf;fg;gLk; xU rpwe;j rKjhaj;ij fw;gid nra;fpwJ
(Butterworth, 2001). ,jw;F Neu;khwhf> ,g;D fy;J}dpd; murpay; mjpfhuk; eilKiwg;
gFg;gha;it Kd;itf;fpwJ> Ml;rpapd; Row;rpj; jd;ikia typAWj;JfpwJ (Rosenthal, 2005).
rkfhy ciuahlypy;> ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay;> ,];yhkpaf; murpaw; nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk;
Ml;rpapd; etPd fUj;Jf;fis vt;thW vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wJ vd;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;JfpwJ. Esposito
(1998) ,];yhkpa Ml;rp Kiwapy; ‘Shura’ (MNyhrid) kw;Wk; ‘Ijma’ (xUkpj;j fUj;J)
Mfpatw;wpd; ikaj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ> ,J [dehafj;jpd; Nkw;fj;jpa nfhs;iffSld;
Kuz;gLfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> rpy mwpQu;fs; ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay; khw;wpaikf;ff;$baJ
kw;Wk; [dehaf fl;likg;GfSld; ,ize;J tho KbAk; vd;W thjpLfpd;wdu; (Khatab &
Bouma, 2007).
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs;> Fwpg;ghf jhuhskak; kw;Wk; kjr;rhu;gpd;ik> ngUk;ghYk;
jdpegu; cupikfs;> [dehafk; kw;Wk; kjj;ij murpaypy; ,Ue;J gpupg;gjw;F Kd;Dupik
mspf;fpd;wd. N[hd; nyhf;fpd; ‘Second Treatise of Government’ (Locke, 1690) jhuhsthj

PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
140
ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
[dehafj;jpw;fhd mbj;jsj;ij mikj;jJ. NkYk; jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
murhq;f jiyaPL Mfpatw;wpw;fhf Fuy;nfhLj;jJ. khwhf> Njhk]; n`hg;]pd; ‘Leviathan’
vDk; E}y; Fog;gj;ijj; jLf;f tYthd> ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpfhuj;jpd; mtrpaj;ij
typAWj;Jfpwhu;. Fukuyama (1992) Nghd;w mwpQu;fs;> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpj;jhe;jq;fs;>
Fwpg;ghf jhuhsthj [dehafk;> cyf mstpy; Ml;rpapd; kpfTk; rhj;jpakhd tbtkhf ntw;wp
ngw;Ws;sd vd;W thjpLfpd;wdu;. ,Ug;gpDk;> Gray (2000) Nghd;w mwpQu;fspd; tpku;rdq;fs;
Nkw;fj;jpa jhuhsthjj;jpd; cyfshtpa nghUe;jf;$ba jd;ikiaf; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;Ffpd;wd>
Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpa r%fq;fs; cl;gl Nkw;FyF my;yhj R+oy;fspy;. Nkw;fj;jpa kjr;rhu;gpd;ik
kjj;ij murpaypy; ,Ue;J tpyf;FtJ ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apaYld; ghupastpy;
Kuz;gLfpwJ> ,q;F rkak; kw;Wk; muR xd;wpy; ,Ue;J xd;W gpupf;f KbahjJ vd;gJ mjd;
mbg;gilf;nfhs;ifahFk; (An-Naim, 2008).
Lewis (2002) kw;Wk; Esposito (2010) Nghd;w mwpQu;fs; Nkw;fj;jpa [dehaf nfhs;iffSf;Fk;
,];yhkpa Ml;rpf;Fk;> Fwpg;ghf kj;jpa fpof;fpy; cs;s gjl;lkhd #o;epiyfis ikag;gLj;jp
Muha;e;Js;sdu;. Lewis (2002) thjpLifapy;> ,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; ngUk;ghYk;
etPdj;Jtj;Jld; xj;Jg;NghfhjitahfNt ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wd> mNj rkak; Esposito (2010) ,e;j
,zf;fkpd;ik ngUk;ghYk; Nkw;fj;jpaj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W $Wfpwhu;. Roy (1994)
jdJ Ma;tpy; Nkw;fj;jpa Mjpf;fk; kw;Wk; cyfkakhf;fYf;F tpilaspg;gjhf ,];yhkpa
murpay; vt;thW ntspg;gl;lJ vd;gij Muha;fpwhu;. ,jw;F Neu;khwhf> ,];yhkpa murpay;
,af;fq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jidapd; Nkyhjpf;fj;jpw;F rthy; tpLfpd;wd>
Rje;jpukhd ,];yhkpa milahsj;ij epiyehl;l Kay;fpd;wd vd;W Sayyid (2003) thjpLfpwhu;.
murpaypy; ,];yhj;jpd; vOr;rp> Fwpg;ghf <uhd; kw;Wk; vfpg;J Nghd;w ehLfspy;> etPd Ml;rpapy;
,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apaypd; nry;thf;if ep&gpf;fpwJ (Tibi, 2012).
,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fspd; xg;gPl;L Ma;tpd; Kf;fpa
fUg;nghUs;fspy; xd;W Ml;rpapy; rkaj;jpd; gq;F MFk;. Nkw;fj;jpa fUj;jpay;fs;
kjr;rhu;gpd;ikia typAWj;Jk; mNj Ntisapy;> ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay; ngUk;ghYk;
rkak; kw;Wk; epu;thfj;ij xUq;fpizf;fpwJ> ,iw rl;lk; (\upM) murpay; KbntLf;Fk;
Kiwia topelj;JfpwJ. Kamali (2003) thjpLifapy;> ,e;j xUq;fpizg;G ,ay;ghfNt
[dehaf tpOkpaq;fSf;F vjpuhdJ my;y> Vnddpy; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpAk; ePjp> MNyhrid
kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;$wiy typAWj;JfpwJ.
kw;nwhU Kf;fpa fUg;nghUs; ePjp gw;wpa fUj;J. ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay; r%f ePjp
kw;Wk; rkj;Jtj;ij Kjd;ikg;gLj;JfpwJ> ,J Fu;Mdpd; Neu;ik kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf; $Wjiy
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. Nkw;fj;jpa fUj;jpay;fs;> Fwpg;ghf jhuhskak;> ePjpia kjpf;fpd;wd>
Mdhy; ngUk;ghYk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; mJ

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cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Miller (1999) ,e;jf; fUj;Jfis xg;gpl;L> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay;
Nfhl;ghl;by; ,];yhkpa rpe;jidapy; tFg;Gthj nghWg;G kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtk; Mfpatw;Wf;fpilNa
cs;s NtWghLfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhu;.
,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fspd; mbg;gil Nfhl;ghLfs; (Basic
Principles of Islamic and Western Political Ideology)
,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpay;
(Islamic Political Ideology)
,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpay; mbg;gilapy; ,iwapay; rhu;e;jJ> ,iwtNd ,Wjp
,iwahz;ik> kw;Wk; kdpjdpd; Ml;rp Kiw ,];yhkpa khu;f;fj;Jld; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s
,iw rl;lj;Jld; ,ize;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. Fu;Md;
kw;Wk; `jP]; ,e;j rl;lj;jpd; Kjd;ik Mjhuq;fs;> kw;Wk; fpyhgj; tuyhw;W uPjpahf ,];yhkpa
epu;thfj;jpd; rpwe;j tbtkhf ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ mNjNtis xNu jiytupd; fPo; rka kw;Wk;
murpay; mjpfhuj;ij xUq;fpizf;fpwJ (Kelsay, 2007). ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;>
‘\upM’it epiyepWj;Jk; xU r%fj;ij epWTtJ> ePjp> xOf;fk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; eyid
cWjp nra;tjhFk; (Voll, 1994).
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay; (
Western Political Ideology)
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;> Fwpg;ghf mwpnthsp fhyj;jpypUe;J> kjr;rhu;gpd;ik> jdpkdpj
cupikfs; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,iwahz;ik
kf;fsplk; cs;sJ> Fbkf;fspd; tpUg;gj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; [dehaf epWtdq;fs; %yk;
Ml;rp elj;jg;gLfpwJ. Njthyaj;ijAk; muirAk; gpupg;gJ xU mbg;gilf; nfhs;ifahFk;> ,J
kj ek;gpf;iffs; nghJf; nfhs;if my;yJ rl;lj;ij MizapLtjpy;iy vd;gij cWjp
nra;fpwJ (Fukuyama, 2011). Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; ghuk;gupak; jdpegu; Rje;jpuk;> kdpj cupikfs;
kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuq;fisg; ghJfhg;gij mjd; Ml;rpKiw khjpupapd; ikakhf
kjpg;gpLfpwJ (Dahl, 1998).
gpujhd vz;zf;fUf;fs; (Key Concepts)
Ml;rpapy; rkaj;jpd; gq;F (
Role of Religion in Governance
)
,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpaypy;> rkak; vd;gJ Ml;rpKiwapypUe;J gpupf;f KbahjJ. nghJ
kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l tho;f;ifia epu;tfpf;Fk; ,iw rl;lj;ij epiyepWj;Jtjw;F muR
nghWg;ghFk;. rkaj; jiytu;fs; ngUk;ghYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f nry;thf;iff; nfhz;Ls;sdu;>
Fwpg;ghf ,iw rl;lj;ij tpsf;fp nray;gLj;Jtjpy; rkak; kw;Wk; murpd; ,e;j xUq;fpizg;G>
,iw rpj;jj;Jld; ,ize;j xU xOf;f kw;Wk; ePjpahd rKjhaj;ij cUthf;Ftij

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South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ (Hallaq, 2009). ,];yhkpa muR rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfis Neubahf
jq;fs; murpay; mikg;Gfspy; xUq;fpizf;fpd;wd> ,iw rl;l fl;likg;G kw;Wk; nghJf;
nfhs;if Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; topelj;JfpwJ (Kelsay, 2007). ,J etPd R+oy;fspy; rthy;fis
vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wJ> Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpa nfhs;iffs; ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfNshL rpy
tplaq;fspy; Kuz;gLfpd;wJ.
,jw;F Neu;khwhf> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay; kjj;jpw;Fk; muRf;Fk; ,ilNa njspthd
gpuptpidia typAWj;JfpwJ. kj ek;gpf;iffs; rl;lq;fis cUthf;FtjpYk;
nray;gLj;JtjpYk; jiyaplhJ vd;gij kjr;rhu;gpd;ik cWjp nra;fpwJ. jdpkdpj
Rje;jpuj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; eLepiyahd> kj ghFghLfis jLf;fTk; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ>
,J gyjug;gl;l ek;gpf;iffs; ,ize;jpUf;Fk; gd;ikj;Jt rKjhaj;ij mDkjpf;fpwJ (Taylor,
2007).
ePjp gw;wpa vz;zf;fU (Concept of Justice)
,];yhkpa murpaypy; ePjp
,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpaypy; ePjp vd;gJ \upMtpypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ> ,J r%f ePjp>
rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; eyid Nkk;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l xU tpupthd rl;l
kw;Wk; xOf;f fl;likg;ig toq;FfpwJ. ,];yhkpa ePjp KOikahdJ> tho;f;ifapd; Md;kPf
kw;Wk; nysfPf mk;rq;fis cs;slf;fpaJ (Esposito> 2011). ,iw rl;lj;ij epu;zapj;j
epajpfSf;Fs; epahak;> nghWg;Gf;$wy; kw;Wk; cupikfisg; ghJfhj;jy; Mfpatw;iw
typAWj;Jtjd; %yk; ‘adl’ (ePjp) vd;w fUj;J ,];yhkpa Ml;rp Kiwapd; ikakhdJ (Mayer,
1999).
ePjp vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; xU mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghlhFk;> NkYk; r%fj;jpy; xOq;ifAk;
ey;ypzf;fj;ijAk; NgZtjw;F mtrpakhdjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,];yhkpa murpay;
rpe;jidapy;> ePjp vd;gJ xU rl;lg;G+u;t flik kl;Lky;y> ,iw tpUg;gj;ij gpujpgypf;Fk; xU
xOf;fk; rhu;e;j tplakhFk;.
Fu;Md; ePjpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij njspthff; fl;lisapLfpwJ:
“(tpRthrpfNs! cq;fsplk; ek;gp xg;gilf;fg;gl;l) mkhdpjq;fis mtu;fspd;
nrhe;jf;fhuu;fsplk; ePq;fs; xg;gilj;J tpLkhWk;> kf;fspilNa ePq;fs; jPu;g;gspf;Fk; NghJ
ePjpAld; jPu;g;G toq;FkhWk; my;yh`; cq;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapLfpwhd;."
R+uh me;-ep]h (4:58)
ePjp vd;gJ xU nja;tPf nghWg;G vd;gij ,e;j trdk; Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;LfpwJ> mJ Ml;rpahsu;fs;
kw;Wk; jdpegu;fs; jq;fs; vy;yh tptfhuq;fspYk; epiyepWj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Ml;rpapd; R+oypy;>

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Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
midj;J Fbkf;fisAk; mtu;fspd; epiy my;yJ ek;gpf;ifiag; nghUl;gLj;jhky; epahakhd
Kiwapy; elj;Jtij ,J Fwpf;fpwJ.
“ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltu;fNs> my;yh`;Tf;fhf ePjpiaf;nfhz;L rhl;rp $Wgtu;fshf
(cz;ikapd; kPJ) epiyj;jtu;fshf MfptpLq;fs;. ve;j r%fj;jtupd; tpNuhjKk;> ePq;fs;
ePjkhf ele;J nfhs;shjpUf;f cq;fis jpz;zkhf J}z;btpl Ntz;lhk;. (vt;tsT
tpNuhjkpUe;j NghjpYk;) ePq;fs; ePjp nrYj;Jq;fs;. mJjhd; gagf;jpf;F kpf neUf;fkhdjhFk;.
,d;Dk; (vy;yh epiyfspYk;) ePq;fs; my;yh`;it gag;gLq;fs;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; ePq;fs;
nra;gtw;iw ed;F czu;fpd;whd;.” R+uh my;-khapjh (5:8).
,];yhkpa ePjpapd; ghugl;rkw;w jd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;b> jdpg;gl;l rhu;G my;yJ gifahd
R+o;epiyfspy; $l ePjp epiyehl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fu;Md; ,q;F typAWj;JfpwJ. ,];yhkpa
murpaypy;> ,f;Nfhl;ghL K];yPk;fs; kw;Wk; K];ypky;yhjtu;fs; ,UtUk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;
epahakhd Kiwapy; elj;Jtjw;F cupikAs;s xU mikg;ghf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,];yhkpa murpay; jj;Jtj;jpd;gb> ePjp vd;gJ cupikfisg; gfpu;e;jspg;gJ kl;Lky;y>
jdpegu;fs; r%fj;jpw;fhd jq;fs; nghWg;Gfis epiwNtw;Wtij cWjp nra;tJk; MFk;.
vdNt> ,];yhj;jpy; ePjp vd;gJ rl;l> r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu gupkhzq;fis cs;slf;fpa
mk;rkhFk;.
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jidapy; ePjp
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpaypy;> ePjp vd;gJ jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp
Mfpatw;Wld; njhlu;GilaJ. Nkw;fj;jpa rpe;jidapy; ePjpapd; fUj;J jhuhskaj;Jld;
neUf;fkhf ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> ,J jdpegu; Rje;jpuk;> rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk;
tsq;fspd; epahakhd gfpu;T (Rawls, 2005). ePjp ghugl;rkw;wJ kw;Wk; rl;lq;fs; midj;J
Fbkf;fSf;Fk; rkkhf nghUe;Jk; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;j rl;l mikg;G tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ePjp> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; nka;apaypy;> nghJthf ,uz;L tifahfg; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ: gfpu;T
ePjp (distributive justice) kw;Wk; gopthq;Fk; ePjp (retributive justice). gfpu;T ePjp (distributive justice)
r%fj;jpy; tsq;fs;> tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; ed;ikfspd; epahakhd xJf;fPL gw;wpaJ. John Rawls>
kpfTk; nry;thf;F kpf;f etPd murpay; nka;apayhsuhthhu;. r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu
Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;> Fiwe;j ed;ikAilNahUf;F kpf ed;ikia cz;lhf;Fk; tifapy;
xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l xU ePjpahf thjpl;lhu;. mtuJ gilg;ghd ‘A Theory of Justice’ ,y;> John
Rawls, Veil of ignorance" xU rpe;jidg; gupNrhjidahf epahakhd mikg;Gfis gf;fr;rhu;G
,y;yhky; cUthf;fpdhu; (Rawls, 1971). tpepNahfj;jpy; epahakhdJ tu;f;fk;> ,dk; my;yJ
ghypdk; Nghd;w jd;dpr;irahd NtWghLfisr; rhu;e;J ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;gij ,e;jf; fUj;J
typAWj;JfpwJ.

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South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
gopthq;Fk; ePjp (Retributive justice) jtWfSf;fhd jz;lidapy; epahakhf ele;J nfhs;fpwJ.
,k;khDNty; fhd;l;> The Metaphysics of Morals ,y;> Moral autonomy kw;Wk; cyfshtpa xOf;f
rl;lq;fspd;gb jdpegu;fs; jq;fs; nray;fSf;F nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePjpf;fhf thjpLfpwhu; (Kant, 1991). Nkw;fj;jpa rpe;jidapy; gopthq;Fk;
ePjpahdJ ngUk;ghYk; ‘tpfpjhrhu jz;lid’ (proportional punishment) vd;w fUj;Jld;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ> mq;F jz;lid Fw;wj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhdjhf mika Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;fj;jpa murpaypy;> Fwpg;ghf jhuhsthj [dehaf ehLfspy; ePjp> rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rpAld;
neUf;fkhfg; gpize;Js;sJ. jd;dpr;irahd mjpfhuj;ijj; jLg;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L>
rl;lj;jpd; Kd; epahak; kw;Wk; rkj;Jtj;ij cWjpg;gLj;j rl;lq;fs; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,dk;> ghypdk; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu epiy Mfpatw;wpy; rkj;Jtj;jpw;fhf thjpLk; ‘r%f ePjp’
Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpajhf ePjpapd; fUj;J cUthfp tUfpwJ.
jdpkdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa fUj;J
,];yhkpa murpay; rpe;jidapy; jdpkdpj cupikfs;
Fu;Md; kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa kuGfSk; jdpkdpj cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLf;fpd;wd. ,e;j cupikfspy; capu;> nrhj;J> fz;zpak; kw;Wk; ek;gpf;if Rje;jpuk;
Mfpait mlq;Fk;. ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay;> ,e;j cupikfs; ,iwtdhy;
nfhLf;fg;gl;ljd; %yk; midj;J kdpju;fSf;Fk; ,ay;ghfNt cs;sd vd;W typAWj;JfpwJ.
“epr;rakhf Mjhkpd; gps;isfis ehk; fz;zpag;gLj;jp> mtu;fis jiuapYk; flypYk; Rke;J
nrd;W mtu;fSf;F ey;ytw;iw toq;fpNdhk;> NkYk; ehk; gilj;jtw;wpy; mNeftw;iw tpl
(jFjpapy;) ehk; mtu;fis kpfkpf Nkd;ikahf;fpAk; itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;;."
R+uh my;-,];uh (17:70)
,e;j trdk; midj;J kdpju;fspd; cs;shu;e;j fz;zpaj;ij epWTfpwJ> xt;nthU
jdpegUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; kupahijf;F cupik cz;L vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,e;j
fz;zpaj;ij mq;fPfupg;gJ ,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpy; jdpg;gl;l ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; nrhj;Jupik Nghd;w
gy jdpkdpj cupikfSf;F mbj;jskhf cs;sJ.
“rj;jpa (,];yhk;) khu;f;fj;jpy; vj;jifa epu;g;ge;jKkpy;iy. (Vnddpy;) topNfl;bypUe;J Neu;top
jpl;lkhfj; njspthfp tpl;lJ." R+uh my;-gfuh (2:256)
,e;j trdk; ,];yhkpa murpay; rpe;jidapy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l Kf;fpa jdpkdpj cupikfspy;
xd;whd kj Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilia toq;FfpwJ. ,J fl;lha kjkhw;wj;ijj;
jilnra;fpwJ kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l Rahl;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ> jdpegu;fs;
jq;fs; ek;gpf;iffs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfs; Fwpj;J Rje;jpukhd Nju;Tfis nra;a mDkjpf;fpwJ.
,];yhj;jpy; jdpkdpj cupikfs; ‘flik’ vd;w fUj;Jld; neUf;fkhf gpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,];yhk; ,e;j cupikfis mq;fPfupj;J ghJfhf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;> jdpegu;fs; r%fj;jpd;

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South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
eyDf;fhfTk; ePjpia epiyehl;lTk; gq;fspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J
cupikfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gfs; gpd;dpg; gpize;j xU rkepiy fl;likg;ig cUthf;FfpwJ.
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jidapy; jdpkdpj cupikfs;
‘jdpkdpj cupikfs;’ Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fspy;> Fwpg;ghf jhuhskaj;jpy; ikakhf
cs;sJ. Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jidahdJ murhq;fj;jpd; jiyaPL kw;Wk; gpwupd; nray;fs;
,uz;bypUe;Jk; jdpkdpj Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fisg; ghJfhg;gij typAWj;JfpwJ. John
Locke kw;Wk; Thomas Hobbes Nghd;w rpe;jidahsu;fs; jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; murhq;f
mjpfhuj;jpd; jd;ikia Muha;e;j ‘mwpnthsp’ (Enlightenment) rfhg;jj;jpy; ,jw;F Kf;fpa
ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
John Locke ,d; ,aw;if cupikfs; Nfhl;ghL: nyhf;> jdJ gilg;ghd ‘murhq;fj;jpd; ,uz;L
xg;ge;jq;fs;’ vd;w E}ypy;> jdpegu;fSf;F murhq;fj;jhy; toq;fg;glhj rpy gpupf;f Kbahj
cupikfs; - capu; (life)> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; nrhj;J vd;gd cs;sd vd;W thjpl;lhu;. Mdhy; kdpj
,ay;Gf;F cs;shu;e;jit vd Locke Fwpg;gpl;lhhu;. nyhf;fpd; $w;Wg;gb> ,e;j ,aw;if
cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gNj murhq;fj;jpd; gq;F> mt;thW nra;aj; jtwpa ve;j murhq;fj;ijAk;
kf;fshy; J}f;fp vwpa KbAk;.
Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; jdpAupik (Freedom and liberty): jdpkdpj cupikfspd; Nkw;fj;jpa ghuk;gupak;
jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;ij typAWj;JfpwJ> Fwpg;ghf John Stuart Mill ,d; ‘On Liberty’ ,y;
ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;. jdpegu; Rje;jpuk; kw;wtu;fSf;F jPq;F tpistpf;fhj tiu epiyepWj;jg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;W thjpLfpwhu;> ,jdhy; r%fg; nghWg;ig rkepiyg;gLj;Jk; NghJ jdpg;gl;l
Rahl;rpiag; ghJfhg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;Jfpwhu;.
kdpj cupikfs;: 20 Mk; E}w;whz;by;> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jid cyfshtpa kdpj
cupikfis cs;slf;fpa jdpegu; cupikfs; vd;w fUj;ij tpupTgLj;jpaJ. 1948 ,y; If;fpa
ehLfs; rigahy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l ‘cyfshtpa kdpj cupikfs; gpufldk;’ (Universal
Declaration of Human Rights-(UDHR)> Nkw;fj;jpa nfhs;iffshy; ngupJk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ>
Fwpg;ghf mwpnthsp (Enlightenment) kw;Wk; ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpe;ija
rpe;jidapypUe;J. UDHR> tho;f;if> Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd
cupikfis mbg;gil kdpj cupikfshff; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ (United Nations, 1948).
ePjp kw;Wk; jdpkdpj cupikfis Ml;rp Kiwapy; xUq;fpizj;jy;
xU ,];yhkpa murpay; mikg;gpy;> Ml;rpahsu; my;yJ MSk; FO ePjp kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l
cupikfs; ,uz;ilAk; epiyepWj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ> Vnddpy; mit ,iw
mjpfhuj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs;> Ml;rpahsu;fs; kf;fSf;Fk;
,iwtDf;Fk; nghWg;Gf; $w Ntz;Lk;> ePjpia epiwNtw;WtijAk; cupikfisg;
ghJfhg;gijAk; Gdpjkhd ek;gpf;if rhu;e;j tplakhf thjpLfpd;wdu;.
‘Shura’ (MNyhrid) kw;Wk; ‘,[;jp`hj;’ ((independent reasoning-RahjPdkhd gFj;jwpT)
Mfpait ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; cs;s Kf;fpakhd topKiwfs; MFk;> mit gy;NtW

PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
146
ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
fz;Nzhl;lq;fisr; Nru;g;gjw;F mDkjpf;fpd;wd kw;Wk; ,];yhkpaf; nfhs;iffSf;F ,irthf
,Uf;Fk; NghJ rl;lq;fs; cUthfpd;wd vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
RUf;fkhf> ePjp kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; ,];yhkpa murpay; jj;Jtj;jpd;
ikakhf cs;sd. ePjp vd;gJ Ml;rpahsu; kw;Wk; r%fk; Mfpa ,uz;bw;Fk; ,d;wpaikahj
Njitahf ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ> mNj rkak; jdpkdpj cupikfs; ,iw fl;lisahfTk;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;ljhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,];yhkpa epu;thfk; midtUf;Fk; Neu;ik> fz;zpak;
kw;Wk; rkj;Jtj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtij cWjp nra;fpwJ.
Nkw;fj;jpa [dehaf ehLfspy;> jdpegu; cupikfs; kw;Wk; ePjp Mfpait rptpy; cupikfisg;
ghJfhf;Fk; kw;Wk; epahaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; murpayikg;G fl;likg;gpd; %yk; Ml;rp
Kiwapy;; xUq;fpizf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jd; Kf;fpa $Wfshf gpd;tUgdtw;iw Fwpg;gplyhk;.
rl;l tpjp
(Rule of law)
:
muR mjpfhupfs; cl;gl midtUk; rl;lj;jpw;F cl;gl;ltu;fs; vd;gij
rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp cWjp nra;fpwJ. Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; mikg;Gfspy; ePjp kw;Wk; jdpegu;
cupikfs; ,uz;bw;Fk; ,e;jf; fUj;J Kf;fpakhdJ.
mjpfhuq;fisg; gpupj;jy;
(Separation of powers)
:
rl;lkd;w> epu;thf kw;Wk; ePjpj;Jiw
fpisfSfpilNa murhq;f mjpfhuq;fisg; gpupf;Fk; Montesquieu tpd; fUj;J> ve;j xU
epWtdKk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfis kPwNth my;yJ epahakw;w Kiwapy; ePjpia epu;tfpf;fNth
KbahJ vd;gij cWjp nra;fpwJ.
[dehafk; kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;G (
Democracy and participation
) :
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; mikg;Gfs;
gq;Nfw;G [dehafj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wd> jdpegu;fs; thf;fspg;gJ> Ngr;Rupik kw;Wk;
xd;W$Ljy; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; jq;fs; cupikfisg; gad;gLj;j mDkjpf;fpwJ. ePjp vt;thW
epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpwJ kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; cupikfs; vt;thW ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;gjpy;
Fbkf;fs; xU fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUg;gij ,J cWjp nra;fpwJ.
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jidapy; ePjp kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; Mokhf
xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ePjp> Fwpg;ghf rl;lk; kw;Wk; gq;fPl;by; epahak;> Rje;jpuk;>
rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Rahl;rp Nghd;w jdpg;gl;l cupikfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLtij cWjp nra;tjpy;
ikakhf cs;sJ. Locke ,d; jhuhsthj ghuk;gupaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Rawls ,d; r%f ePjp gw;wp
tpthjpf;Fk;; tiu> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; rpe;jidahdJ jdpegu; cupikfis $l;L eyDld;
rkepiyg;gLj;Jtjpy; njhlu;e;J ftdk; nrYj;jpaJ.
jiyik kw;Wk; mjpfhuk; (Leadership and Authority)
,];yhkpa murpay; rpe;jidapd; mbg;gilapy; ghuk;gupakhf fyP/gh my;yJ ,khk; vd;gtu;
xU murpay; kw;Wk; Md;kPfj; jiytuhfTk; nraw;gLfpwhu;. jiytupd; mjpfhuk; ,iw rl;lj;ij
epiyepWj;Jtjw;Fk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtu;fspd; jpwdpy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ>
,];yhkpa nfhs;iffSf;F Vw;g r%fj;ij topelj;JfpwJ (Voll, 1994). ,];yhkpa epu;thfj;jpy;
jiyikj;Jtk; rkaf; flikAld; gpd;dpg;gpize;Js;sJ> NkYk; jiytu;fs; jq;fs; jdpg;gl;l

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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
kw;Wk; murpay; tho;tpy; ,];yhkpa tpOkpaq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;fs; vd;W
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpaypy;> jiyik vd;gJ nghJthf kjr;rhu;gw;wJ> [dehaf
nray;Kiwfs; %yk; Msg;gLgtu;fspd; xg;GjypypUe;J mjpfhuk; ngwg;gLfpwJ. jiytu;fs;
kf;fshy; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; kw;Wk; ghuhSkd;wk;> ePjpkd;wk; kw;Wk; Rje;jpu Clfq;fs;
Nghd;w epWtdq;fspd; %yk; mtu;fSf;F nghWg;Gf;$w Ntz;batu;fs;. mjpfhuq;fisg; gpupg;gJ
xU Kf;fpa mk;rkhFk;> ve;j xU epWtdNkh my;yJ jdpegNuh cWjpg;gLj;jg;glhj
mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ (Dahl, 1998).
jw;fhy eilKiwapy; cs;s Nkw;fj;jpa kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa murpay; mikg;Gfs; Nehf;Fkplj;J
rT+jp mNugpahTk; <uhDk; murpay; kw;Wk; rka mjpfhuj;NjhL njhlu;Gila ,];yhkpa
ehLfspd; ,uz;L Kf;fpa cjhuzq;fshFk;. rT+jp mNugpahtpy;> kd;duhl;rpahdJ Rd;dp
nfhs;ifapd;gb Ml;rp nra;fpwJ> \upMthdJ rl;lk; kw;Wk; nghJf; nfhs;if Mfpa
,uz;bw;Fk; mbj;jskhf nray;gLfpwJ (Al-Rasheed, 2010). ,];yhkpa Fbaurhd <uhd;> \pah
,];yhkpaf; nfhs;iffisg; gpd;gw;WfpwJ> cr;r jiytu; murhq;fk; kw;Wk; rka epWtdq;fs;
,uz;bYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfhuj;ij itj;jpUf;fpwhu; (Arjomand, 2009). mNjNtis>
mnkupf;fhTk; gpuhd;Rk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; mikg;Gfis kjr;rhu;gw;w Ml;rpKiw khjpupfis
gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd. jdpkdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; [dehaf nray;KiwfSf;F tYthd
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jld;> If;fpa mnkupf;fh xU $l;lhl;rp Fbaurhf nray;gLfpwJ. Njthyaj;ijAk;
muirAk; gpupg;gJ njhlu;ghf murpayikg;gpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ> kjk; Ml;rpapy; jiyaplhJ
vd;gij cWjp nra;fpwJ (Bowen, 2010). xU xw;iwahl;rp ehlhd gpuhd;];> kjr;rhu;gpd;ik
(secularism) vd;w ePz;l ghuk;gupaj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ> ,J kjj;ij nghJ tho;f;ifapypUe;J
gpupf;fpwJ> kj ek;gpf;iffisg; nghUl;gLj;jhky; midj;J Fbkf;fSf;Fk; rkj;Jtf;
nfhs;ifia tYg;gLj;JfpwJ (Huntington, 1996).
Nkw;fj;jpa kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; njhlu;ghd rthy;fs; kw;Wk; tpku;rdq;fs
Nehf;Fkplj;J. ,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; mjd; fbdj;jd;ik kw;Wk; ghuk;gupa rkaf;
nfhs;iffis etPd Ml;rpAld; xUq;fpizg;gjpy; rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;fpwJ. ghypd
rkj;Jtkpd;ik (gender inequality)> rka Rje;jpuj;jpd; kPjhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ,iw rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; fLikahd jz;lidfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w gpur;rpidfs; ngUk;ghYk; Kf;fpa
tplaq;fshf Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd (Mayer, 1999). NkYk;> rkaj;ij Ml;rp Kiwf;Fs;
xUq;fpizg;gJ ru;tNjr kdpj cupikf; nfhs;iffSld; Nkhjy;fSf;F toptFf;Fk; kw;Wk;
gd;ikj;Jt r%fq;fspd; tsu;r;rpiaj; jLf;fyhk; Nghd;w (Esposito & Voll, 2001) tpku;rdq;fSk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

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Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; mjd; kjr;rhu;gpd;ikf;fhf mjpfkhf tpku;rpf;fg;gLfpwJ> ,J xOf;fk;
kw;Wk; ghuk;gupa ngWkhdq;fspd; mopTf;F toptFf;fpwJ vd;W rpyu; thjpLfpd;wdu;. jdpg;gl;l
cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs; kPjhd mf;fiw rpy rkaq;fspy; r%fg; gpsTfis Vw;gLj;jyhk;>
Fwpg;ghf kpfTk; khWgl;l kw;Wk; gd;Kf fyhr;rhu r%fq;fspy; ,J epfoyhk; (Fukuyama, 2018).
NkYk;> kjk; kw;Wk; muirg; gpupj;J Nehf;FtJ nghJf; fye;Jiuahly;fspy; jq;fs;
ek;gpf;iffs; Xuq;fl;lg;gl;ljhff; fUJk; rkaj;ij Nerpf;Fk; r%fq;fspilNa
me;epag;gLtjw;Fk; toptFf;Fk; (Taylor, 2007).
KbT (Conclusion)
,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fspd; xg;gPl;L Ma;T> mtw;wpd; mbg;gilf;
nfhs;iffspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f NtWghLfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. Fwpg;ghf mtu;fspd; Ml;rp
Kiw> ePjp kw;Wk; rkaj;jpd; gq;F kw;Wk; tFg;Gthj nghWg;GfSf;F ,ilapyhd rkepiy
Mfpatw;wpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f NtWghLfis ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. my;-/guhgp kw;Wk; ,g;D fy;J}d;
Nghd;w mwpQu;fshy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,];yhkpa murpay; nka;apay;> rkaj;ij Ml;rpapd;
midj;J mk;rq;fspYk; xUq;fpizf;Fk;. ,];yhkpa murpay; fUj;jpay; ,iwf; nfhs;iffspy;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. mq;F Ml;rp vd;gJ rka rl;lk; (\upM) kw;Wk; ,iwtdpd;
,iwahz;ikapd; fl;lisahf fUjg;gLfpwJ. murpay; mikg;G ePjp> rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk;
jiytu;fs; kw;Wk; Fbkf;fspd; jhu;kPf nghWg;Gfis typAWj;JfpwJ. \_uh (MNyhrid)>
,[;jp`hj; (Rje;jpukhd gFj;jwpT)> kw;Wk; fypgh Nghd;w fUj;Jf;fs; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd;
ikakhf cs;sd. NkYk; rka xOf;f KiwfSld; ,ize;j xU ePjpahd rKjhaj;ij
cWjp nra;tNj ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mNj Ntisapy;> Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; kjr;rhu;gpd;ik
kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l cupikfis typAWj;Jfpd;w mNjNtis Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;>
Fwpg;ghf jhuhskak;> kjr;rhu;gpd;ik; kw;Wk; [dehafk; Mfpait kdpjNea kw;Wk; gFj;jwpT
nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; epWtg;gl;Ls;sd. ,iwahz;ik kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ>
NkYk; jdpkdpj cupikfs;> Rje;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkj;Jtk; Mfpait
Kjd;ikahdit. kjj;ij murpypUe;J gpupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W thjpLfpd;wd. NkYk; murpay;
mjpfhuk; ngUk;ghYk; murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; mjd; Fbkf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd xU r%f xg;ge;jkhf
fUjg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fspy;> muR kjr;rhu;gw;wJ> kw;Wk; kjk; nghJthf
jdpg;gl;l tptfhuk;> murpaypy; ,Ue;J NtWgl;lJ.
,t;tpU fUj;jpay;fSf;Fkpilapyhd nghJthd vjpu;ghh;g;ghf ePjp kw;Wk; rkj;Jtj;ij
Nkk;gLj;Jjy; Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; mit tpj;jpahrkhf Gupe;J nfhs;sg;gl;L
nray;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,uz;L fUj;jpay;fSk; MNyhrid kw;Wk; gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij
kjpf;fpd;wd> ,Ug;gpDk; ,];yhkpa epu;thfk; ,e;j fUj;Jf;fis rka xOf;fj;Jld;
,izf;fpwJ> mNj Neuj;jpy; Nkw;fj;jpa Ml;rp Kiw jdpj;Jtk; kw;Wk; gd;ikj;Jtj;ij

PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
typAWj;JfpwJ. vdNt ,];yhkpa kw;Wk; Nkw;fj;jpa murpay; fUj;jpay;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd
mbj;jsq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gjid ,t;tha;T vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
References
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Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Belknap Press.

PRAVAHAM International Research Journal
Department of Languages
Faculty of Arts and Culture
South Eastern University of Sri Lanka.
16 (1), 2024
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ISSN (Print): 2550 - 2573
Rosenthal, F. (2005). Ibn Khaldun: The Muqaddimah. Princeton University Press.
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