ArticlePublisher preview available

Enhancing the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and superhydrophobicity of paper through Na₂O·nSiO₂ and polydimethylsiloxane modification

Springer Nature
Cellulose
Authors:
Xiawang Jiang
Xiawang Jiang
Xiawang Jiang
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Delin Sun
Delin Sun
Delin Sun
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Minggong Yu
Minggong Yu
Minggong Yu
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Shan Zhao
Shan Zhao
Shan Zhao
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Show all 5 authorsHide
Read publisher preview
Download citation
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors.

Abstract and Figures

The water absorption and flammability of paper pose significant challenges to its long-term effectiveness. Hence, this study introduced a paper modification strategy that synergistically incorporated both superhydrophobicity and flame retardancy. This method involved the formation of a micro or nano-level rough structure on the paper surface through sodium silicate modification. Further modification of the paper surface with polydimethylsiloxane yielded a functional paper with excellent superhydrophobic properties. The modified paper exhibited a water contact angle (WCA) and sliding angle (SA) of 153.5° and 9°, respectively, indicating excellent self-cleaning, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance. The limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry analysis, and cone calorimeter test results indicated that the superhydrophobic paper exhibited excellent thermal stability and flame-retardant properties. These properties enhanced product safety during paper use. The comprehensive improvement in paper properties, including enhanced superhydrophobicity, flame retardancy, and thermal stability, significantly expands its application range and enhances overall utility. Graphical abstract
Figures - available from: Cellulose
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
A preview of this full-text is provided by Springer Nature.
Learn more
Content available from Cellulose 
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Vol.: (0123456789)
Cellulose (2025) 32:535–551
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-024-06276-y
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Enhancing theflame retardancy, thermal stability,
andsuperhydrophobicity ofpaper throughNa₂O·nSiO₂
andpolydimethylsiloxane modification
XiawangJiang· DelinSun· MinggongYu·
ShanZhao· LingSong
Received: 17 March 2024 / Accepted: 2 November 2024 / Published online: 12 November 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024
Abstract The water absorption and flammability
of paper pose significant challenges to its long-term
effectiveness. Hence, this study introduced a paper
modification strategy that synergistically incorporated
both superhydrophobicity and flame retardancy. This
method involved the formation of a micro or nano-
level rough structure on the paper surface through
sodium silicate modification. Further modification of
the paper surface with polydimethylsiloxane yielded
a functional paper with excellent superhydrophobic
properties. The modified paper exhibited a water con-
tact angle (WCA) and sliding angle (SA) of 153.5°
and 9°, respectively, indicating excellent self-clean-
ing, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance. The
limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetry-derivative
thermogravimetry analysis, and cone calorimeter test
results indicated that the superhydrophobic paper
exhibited excellent thermal stability and flame-retard-
ant properties. These properties enhanced product
safety during paper use. The comprehensive improve-
ment in paper properties, including enhanced super-
hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, and thermal sta-
bility, significantly expands its application range and
enhances overall utility.
Supplementary Information The online version
contains supplementary material available at https:// doi.
org/ 10. 1007/ s10570- 024- 06276-y.
X.Jiang· D.Sun(*)· M.Yu· S.Zhao· L.Song
College ofMaterials Science andEngineering,
Central South University ofForestry andTechnology,
Changsha410004, Hunan, China
e-mail: sdlszy@163.com
X.Jiang
School ofPackaging Design Arts, Hunan University
ofTechnology, Zhuzhou412007, China
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Improvement of decorative texture effects, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of Pinus massoniana using a combined dyeing and superhydrophobic modification method
Article
Full-text available
To solve the problem of poor texture decorative effects and inferior functional properties of a fast-growing wood, a combined dyeing and superhydrophobic modification method was proposed and applied. The pretreated wood (P-wood) was dyed based on the permeability variation of the earlywood and latewood. After the dyeing of the wood, the variation in color between the earlywood and latewood was significantly enhanced, and the value of texture contrast of the wood increased from 19.15 to 61.43, indicating that the texture decorative effect of the wood was effectively improved. Furthermore, dyed-superhydrophobic wood (DS-wood) was fabricated by depositing a superhydrophobic coating on the surface of dyed wood (D-wood) to improve its functional properties. The contact angle (WCA) and sliding angle (SA) of the wood were 153.1° and 7°, respectively. Because of the protection of superhydrophobic coating, the wood exhibited excellent color fastness to washing and light aging. In addition, DS-wood exhibited superior thermal stability and physical–mechanical properties. Additionally, DS-wood exhibited excellent abrasion resistance and chemical stability. This modification method of functional wood is simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly and has great potential for architectural and furniture applications.
View
Multifunctional cellulose paper-based materials
Article
Full-text available
Owing to their intrinsic properties of wide availability, low cost, portability, environmental friendliness and degradability, paper and paper-based materials are receiving increasing attention since birth. Recent increasing studies suggest that paper and paper-based materials possess bright application prospects for the purpose of realizing sustainable development and green circular economy soon. Under this background, more and more correlated application fields for paper and paper-based materials, such as advanced paper-based packaging, writing paper (paper-based transistors), environmental protection (oil/water separation), interface sensing (paper-based sensor devices and microfluidic platforms), energy conversion/storage devices (paper-based triboelectric nanogeneration, paper-based bio-batteries and supercapacitors) have been emerged. In addition, the challenges faced in utilizing the current paper-based materials are analyzed, including fundamental problems, practical applications, and development prospects. The current review not only provides theoretical guidance for the construction of functional paper-based materials, but also helps to expand their application scope and extend their lifespan. It is expected that this review will inspire future research regarding the novel practical applications of paper-based materials.
View
Thermally induced response self-healing superhydrophobic wood with self-cleaning and photocatalytic performance
Article
Full-text available
Fabrication of self-healing coating is a promising method to balance the mechanical robustness and non-wetting properties of superhydrophobic materials. Wood is a porous material have thermal response properties. If the superhydrophobic coating can be rationally assembled on fibers, after the surface was destroyed, the modifier stored in the porous structure can promote superhydrophobic self-healing through thermally induced response. By employed Ti–Si sol to build the rough microstructure, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as low surface energy to cooperative construction superhydrophobic wood, and the wood has self-healing, self-cleaning, photocatalytic properties after thermally induced response by surface carbonization. SEM indicates that the wood has a three-dimensional pore superhydrophobic roughness network with a contact angle (WCA) of 161.4° and a sliding angle (SA) of about 0°. Its surface has reliable self-healing capability after a series of serious mechanical damage, even if were to split. Meanwhile, the wood can self-cleaning, and has superhydrophobicity in hostile environments. Furthermore, the wood has photocatalytic functionality in degrading organic contaminants and with a degradation efficiency of above 90% (methyl red). The simple method opens a new horizon to designing durable superhydrophobic materials and meets the demands for new wood-based functional materials in harsh environments. Graphical abstract
View
View
View
View
View
View
Synergistic effects of Al/Si double oxide on flame-retardant and smoke-suppressant wooden materials
Article
  • Aug 2022
Wooden materials have many advantages, but they easily burn and release CO, CO2, and harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which pose threats to health and safety. This work adopted a low-cost method, using environmentally friendly silicate (Na2SiO3), aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), and water-borne epoxy resin to prepare composite poplar wood (Al–Si-EPW), which synergistic displayed flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and self-extinguishing characteristics. The time of peak heat release rate (HRR) and peak smoke production rate (SPR) of Al–Si-EPWwere 340 s and 315 s, which were delayed by about 105 s and 100 s compared with untreated wood (UW), respectively. This provides more security for controlling the fire spread and evacuating people. The peak value of heat release rate and smoke production of Al–Si-EPW decreased by 39.04% and 34.68%, and the peak CO2 production (CO2P) and CO production (COP) were reduced by 69.75% and 74.74%. Moreover, the main category and the amount of VOCs released during the combustion process decreased significantly. With the increase in aluminum sulfate dosage, it showed better flame retardant and smoke suppression effects. This indicated that Al–Si-EPW only released a small amount of toxic smoke, greatly reducing the possibility of suffocation and damage. Therefore, this material can be widely used as a flame-retardant wood building material.
View
Fire-resistant and antibacterial Chinese Xuan paper by fully bio-based chitosan/phytic acid coating on pulp fibers
Article
  • Nov 2022
  • IND CROP PROD
Xuan paper is outstanding representative of the precious Chinese handmade papers which is popular with traditional calligraphy and painting. However, the highly flammability of Xuan paper results in the latent fire risk. In this research, fire-resistant and antibacterial Chinese Xuan papers were prepared by fully bio-based chitosan (CS)/phytic acid (PA) intumescent flame retardant system. Xuan paper achieved the excellent flame retardancy with limit oxygen index value of 36.4% when it was coated with 20 BL CS/PA on pulp fibers. The vertical flame properties and cone calorimetry test of Xuan papers also revealed their flame retardancy were greatly improved. The tensile strength of Xuna paper was slightly influenced by CS/PA coating. The CS/PA coating on Xuan papers could greatly enhance their antibacterial properties. The flame retardant mechanism of coated Xuan papers was investigated. The results showed the CS/PA coating on pulp fibers could act through intumescent flame retardant action. The ink wetting property of Xuan paper won’t be influenced by CS/PA coating on the pulp fibers. This research provides research basis for fire-resistant and antibacterial Xuan papers by using the fully bio-based chitosan/phytic acid coating on pulp fibers.
View