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Brazil: more cultivation, more pesticides, more exports
... Brazil leads the world rank in pesticide consumption, a worrying fact that is directly related to the 51 country's agricultural policy, focused on increasing productivity to compete in the international market [1]. 52 Excessive use of pesticides, often without due technical information and without the adequate use of personal 53 protective equipment (PPE), exposes farmers, their families and even the end consumer to significant health 54 risks [2][3][4][5]. ...
... NNG can also be formed in soil, water or in the 186 human body when glyphosate combines with nitrates and nitrites [25]. 1 Glyphosate is a glycine molecule with a methyl-phosphonyl group attached to the nitrogen atom. By 188 acting as a glycine analogue, it is possible that glyphosate can displace glycine at random points during protein 189 synthesis, with unknown consequences. ...
... Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, intestinal infection, inflammatory 194 bowel disease, stroke, leukemia, thyroid cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and kidney cancer [28] . 1 We found a highly statistically significant correlation with pesticide use among Group A farmers for 196 blood pressure alterations (p = 0.003). As early as 1974, hypertension had been identified as the most common 197 and most potent contributor to cardiovascular mortality [29]. ...
Brazil is the world leader in pesticide consumption, and its indiscriminate use puts farmers’ health at risk. The CYP2C9 gene encodes the CYP2C9 enzyme, which metabolizes several endogenous substrates and specific xenobiotics, especially pesticides. Our goal is to study the risk of pesticide use, especially the herbicide glyphosate, in the development of diseases and the association with two CYP2C9 polymorphisms, in farmers living in the southern region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The allelic frequency of CYP2C9*1, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 was determined in blood samples from individuals exposed or not to pesticides using real-time PCR. 304 blood samples were analyzed, dividing CYP2C9 genotypes into three metabolization classes: normal, intermediate, and slow. Our results indicate that normal metabolizers may be more susceptible to conditions such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and kidney problems. Intermediate metabolizers show an association with attention deficit disorder and miscarriages, suggesting that farmers’ symptoms correlated with their CYP2C9 genotype. Insufficient data prevented conclusions about slow metabolizers (*2 and/or *3). These findings suggest that the CYP2C9 genotype may influence the way farmers exposed to pesticides respond, but more research is needed to clarify causality and investigate other possible health effects. As an introductory effort, this study provides insights into the complex relationship between genetic variations and pesticide exposure, laying the groundwork for future research. This pioneering work on associations between specific genetic variations and health risks with pesticide exposure, emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine and stricter regulation of pesticide use for public health and occupational safety.
Regenerative agriculture as a term and concept has gained much traction over recent years. Many farmers are convinced that by adopting these principles they will be able to address the triple crisis of biodiversity loss, climate change, and food security. However, the impact of regenerative agriculture practices on crop pathogens and their management has received little attention from the scientific community. Significant changes to cropping systems may result in certain diseases presenting more or less of a threat. Shifts in major diseases may have significant implications regarding optimal integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that aim to improve profitability and productivity in an environmentally sensitive manner. In particular, many aspects of regenerative agriculture change risk levels and risk management in ways that are central to effective IPM. This review outlines some of the challenges, gaps, and opportunities in our understanding of appropriate approaches for managing crop diseases in regenerative cropping systems.
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