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The word formation methods, related to the social and language changes

Authors:

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we want to focus on two important concept of linguistics. In relevance of the levels of lexicography and morphology, which are social and language changes and the methods of word formation. In the intention of enriching and fill up the word necessity of the utters of language. It is obvious that this process is as a result of perturbation and instant changes which its waves are outside the language and society. It has effect on the lexicography and language changes.
Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
______________________________________________________________________________
254

The word formation methods, related to the social and language
changes
Dr. Aso Abdulrahman Karim
Dept. of Kurdish Language, Collage of Education, Salahaddin University
E-mail: aso.baban@su.edu
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Mustafa Raza Mustafa. Dept. of Kurdish Language, Collage _language and
Education , Charmo University
E-mail:Mustafa.mustafa@charmouniversity
Keywords: - social and language cha
- language change
- the word formation
methods
- the word formation
methods
-language lexicography
Article Info
Article history:
Received: 16-1-2021
Accepted: 3-2-2021
Available online
Abstract
In this paper, we want to focus on two important
concept of linguistics. In relevance of the levels of
lexicography and morphology, which are social and language
changes and the methods of word formation. In the intention
of enriching and fill up the word necessity of the utters of
language. It is obvious that this process is as a result of
perturbation and instant changes which its waves are outside
the language and society. It has effect on the lexicography and
language changes.
CorrespondingAuthor: Aso Abdulrahman Karim , EMail: aso.baban@su.edu
Tel: +96477067289219 , Affiliation: Department of Kurdish language _ collage of Education _
Salahaddin University Iraq
Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
______________________________________________________________________________
255
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Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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 
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
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:








:







focus






Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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










 



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
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

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


   



  







Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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

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






   
Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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





 act
  


    





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










 











Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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







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
 

  
Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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

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
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

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







word formation


Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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









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

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 



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
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








Derivation




Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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
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





Stagaberg

stagaberg
affixes








       









XY




Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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YZ


Compounding





long haired high schoolstagaberg,1981: 121




















A X + YZ

Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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265
B X + (...) + YZ

XY
Z




Borrowing




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loanword
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



 


   





Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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













Blinding


Stagaberg,1981: 124
Gasohol = gasoline and alcohol
Brunch = breakfast + lunch
Smog = smog + fog











Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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


kurdmax


Acronyms























Doctor = doc
Laboratory = lab
Automobile = auto

Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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268

Clipping





  
 

Examination = exam
Pornography = porno
Laboratory = lab




abbreviation
     


        

Doctor = Dr.Mister = Mr.
Noun phrase = NP
Minimal program = MP






Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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269

Backformation

Backformation


 computecomputer








EditoreditDonationdonateTelevisiontelevise

Sculptorsculpt
Peddlerspeddle

Calque









 



Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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


Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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
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

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
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























Antoine Meillet




Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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





Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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



pill



 









  


    
 









Conversion



    
Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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274
Conversion














metaphor






Levin


(Lakoff G Johnson M. 2003:78 







Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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












Reduplication

hanky pinkytiptop
stagaberg,1981: 127




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












Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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


secondary phoneme



Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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
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















 

Import
mport'i


rt 'impo
 

duxi
uxi'd


duxi


    








:Lexicalization




Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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































Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
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







  



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
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
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Sarchawakan:
A- Namay Zankoyi:
-Saed, Taban Muhammad: (2008), Gashasandn w Pukanaway ganjinay wsha la zmany
kurdida, namay mastar, kolegy zman zankoy sulemany.
-Muen, Sazan Raza: (2005), Wata w dawrubar lekolinawayaky pragmatikiya, namay
mastar, kolegy parwarda zankoy salahadin.
-Hamad, Sherwan Husaen: (2014), Twanay morfemy band la dawllamandkirdny farhang
w raparandny arky syntaxyda, namay dktora skully zman zankoy sulaymani.
-Qadr, Sherko Hama amin: (2002), Mofema banda leksiky w rezmanyakan w arkyan la
dyalecty goranda, namay mastar, kolegy zman, zankoy sulaymni.
-Nariman, Shadman Salar: (2008), Wshay nwebaw la zmany kurdida namay dktora,
kolegy parwarday Ebnrushd zankoy Baghdad.
-Mahammad,Abdulla Aziz: (1990), Gorany watay wsha la zmany kurdida, kolegy adab,
zankoy sallahadin
-Abdulrahim, Osman Karim: (2014), Wshay zmany kurdy w regakany
dawllamandkrdny, namay mastar, kolegy zman zankoy sulaymni
B-Kteb, ba Zmany Kurdi:
-Shex Taeb, Shahab Tahir: (2020), Bnama w pekhatakany zarawa la zmany kurdida,
dazgay chap w paxshy narin.
-Wlya, Hatam Muhammad: (2019), Morfology, Chapy yakam Hawle.r
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______________________________________________________________________________
280
-Ahmad, Bestun Hasan: (2012), Komalla wsha w pekawahatin la zmany kurdida,
chapxanay larya Sulaymani.
-Crystal, David: (2020), Kurtayak la mezhuy zman, W.Sarbast Jihad, chapy yakam,
nawandy Awer bo chap w bllawkirdnawa.
-Rahimy,Kamaran: (1388), Bnamakany wshasazy w wsharonan la zmany kurdida, chapy
Yakam, Saqz Kurdistan.
-Xareeb,Kamal Jalal; (2012), Prozhay zaraway zanstyi kurdi, chapy Dwam, chapxanay
Aras Hawler.
-Musa,Abdulwahab Xalid: (2009), Hez w awaza la dyalecti kurdi zhurwda, la
bllawkrawakany akadimyay kurdi Hawler.
-Sadiq,Faruq Omar: (2017), Zmannasy kurdi, yakxstnaway Sherwan Xoshnaw, chapy
yakam, dazgay chap w paxshy nareen Hawler
-Fattah,Muhammad Maruf: (2011), Zmanawany, chapy seyam, chapxanay hajy hashm
Hawler.
-Mahwi,Mummad: (2001), Zman w zansti zman, dazgay chap w paxshi sardam bargi
yakam Sulaimany.
-……………………(2010) Morfology w bayakdachuny pekhatakan (Morfology Kurdi),
bargi yakham zankoy Sulaimany.
-Wedoson,H.D: (2008), Saratayak bo Zmanawany, W.Hoshang Faruq, chapy yakam,
chapxanay Xany Duhok.
-Amin,Wrya Omar: (2009), Asoyakitry zmanwany, bargy yakam, chapy Dwam,Hawler
C-Kteb, ba Zmany Begana:
-Umar, Ahmad Mukhtar (1982) Alm Aldalala, Mktaba Dar alaruba llnashre waltauzia-
Alkuit.
-Olman,Steven(1975), Dawer Alklma fe Alluxa , Targuma: Kamal Muhamad Bashir,
Manshurat Maktaba Alshabab Alqauira.
- Farx, Sahahda u Akhru (2006) Muqadma fe Alluxauiat Almuasera , Altbaa Althaltha,
Daruaal Llnasher . Uman Alarden.
-Talary , Fatima Sadat(1393), Sakht Znan Farsi, Grdaurdi u Tanzim Sab Za- Danshga
Mfed.
-Stagaberg, Norman C.: (1981), An Introductory English GrammarFourth Edition,
Rinehart and Winston, U.S.A
-Lakoff G Johnson M. :(2003), Metaphors we live By ChicagoUniversity of Chicago
press
D- Govar
-Brzo & Aziz, Omed barzan w Omed Ahmad: (2019), hokara komallayatyakan w
hamajori la zmanda, govari zanstyi zankoy Jihan bargy (3), zhmara (2)
Sulaimany
-Brzo & Hamid, Omed barzan w Hersh Kareem: (2017) baryakkawtny zmanakan
w dawllamandkirdny farhangy zman, govary zankoy rapareen sally chwaram,
zhmara (13)
-Ahmad,Bestun Hasan: (2016), kshan w taskbunaway wata paywst ba komalla wshawa,
govary zankoy rapareen, sally seyam, zhmara (9)
-Kanaby & Qadr, Dler Sadq w Sami Husain: (2018), Babarhamy prosay lekdan la
zmany kurdida, govary twezhar zankoy Soran, bargy yakam, zhmara (2)
Soran
-Muhammad & Hashm, Dana Tahsin w Zheno Baxtyar: (2020) babarhamy giraka
wsha darezhakani chawg la Shewazari Hawramida govary twezhar zankoy
Soran, bargy (3), zhmara (1) Soran
Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 4, No. 2, Winter 2021, Pages (254-281)
______________________________________________________________________________
281
-Kakl & Saed, Qais w Usif Shareef: (2012), twezhinawakany konfransi zansty
zmany kurdi, la (19 22y ayluly 2011 Hawler), chapy yakam, chapxanay
roshnbiry - Hawler
-Ali,Fatah mama: (2004), taskbunaway wata la zmany kurdida, govary zankoy
Sulaimany, zhmara (13), bashi (B)
-Amin, Wrya Omar: (2014), Morfosyntax wak sarchawayak bodarshtni wsha la zmany
kurdida, govari akademyay kurdi, zhmara (29) chapxanay haji hashm - Hawler
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Komalla wsha w pekawahatin la zmany kurdida, chapxanay larya -Sulaymani
  • Bestun Ahmad
  • Hasan
Ahmad, Bestun Hasan: (2012), Komalla wsha w pekawahatin la zmany kurdida, chapxanay larya -Sulaymani. -Crystal, David: (2020), Kurtayak la mezhuy zman, W.Sarbast Jihad, chapy yakam, nawandy Awer bo chap w bllawkirdnawa.
Hez w awaza la dyalecti kurdi zhurwda, la bllawkrawakany akadimyay kurdi -Hawler
  • Abdulwahab Musa
  • Xalid
Musa,Abdulwahab Xalid: (2009), Hez w awaza la dyalecti kurdi zhurwda, la bllawkrawakany akadimyay kurdi -Hawler.
Zmannasy kurdi, yakxstnaway Sherwan Xoshnaw, chapy yakam, dazgay chap w paxshy nareen -Hawler
  • Faruq Sadiq
  • Omar
Sadiq,Faruq Omar: (2017), Zmannasy kurdi, yakxstnaway Sherwan Xoshnaw, chapy yakam, dazgay chap w paxshy nareen -Hawler, -Fattah,Muhammad Maruf: (2011), Zmanawany, chapy seyam, chapxanay hajy hashm -Hawler.
Zman w zansti zman, dazgay chap w paxshi sardam bargi yakam -Sulaimany
  • Mummad Mahwi
Mahwi,Mummad: (2001), Zman w zansti zman, dazgay chap w paxshi sardam bargi yakam -Sulaimany.
Asoyakitry zmanwany, bargy yakam, chapy Dwam, Hawler. C-Kteb, ba Zmany Begana: -Umar, Ahmad Mukhtar (1982) Alm Aldalala, Mktaba Dar alaruba llnashre waltauzia-Alkuit
  • Wrya Amin
  • Omar
Amin,Wrya Omar: (2009), Asoyakitry zmanwany, bargy yakam, chapy Dwam, Hawler. C-Kteb, ba Zmany Begana: -Umar, Ahmad Mukhtar (1982) Alm Aldalala, Mktaba Dar alaruba llnashre waltauzia-Alkuit.
Muqadma fe Alluxauiat Almuasera , Altbaa Althaltha, Daruaal Llnasher
  • Farx
Farx, Sahahda u Akhru (2006) Muqadma fe Alluxauiat Almuasera, Altbaa Althaltha, Daruaal Llnasher. Uman -Alarden.
Metaphors we live By Chicago
  • G Lakoff
  • M Johnson
Lakoff G Johnson M. :(2003), Metaphors we live By Chicago,University of Chicago press.
kshan w taskbunaway wata paywst ba komalla wshawa, govary zankoy rapareen, sally seyam
  • Bestun Ahmad
  • Hasan
Ahmad,Bestun Hasan: (2016), kshan w taskbunaway wata paywst ba komalla wshawa, govary zankoy rapareen, sally seyam, zhmara (9).
Morfosyntax wak sarchawayak bodarshtni wsha la zmany kurdida, govari akademyay kurdi, zhmara (29), chapxanay haji hashm -Hawler
  • Wrya Amin
  • Omar
Amin, Wrya Omar: (2014), Morfosyntax wak sarchawayak bodarshtni wsha la zmany kurdida, govari akademyay kurdi, zhmara (29), chapxanay haji hashm -Hawler.