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PERCEPTION OF KEY
GROUPS ON SPORT
FISHING IN BARCELOS;
PERCEPTION OF KEY
GROUPS ON
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
IN BARCELOS,
AMAZONAS, BRAZIL
LOCAL COMMERCE
FISHING GUIDES
DEMOGRAPHIC AND
SOCIOECONOMIC
PROFILE OF KEY GROUPS;
LOCAL
COMMUNITY
SPORT FISHERS
SPORT-FISHING
ENTREPRENEURS
USERS’
VIEWS
Organized by:
Chiara Lubich, Glenda Bernardino,
Flávia Souza & Carlos Freitas
ON SPORT FISHING IN BARCELOS,
AMAZONAS, BRAZIL
BOOKLET
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here
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MANAUS - AMAZONAS
2024
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Copyright 2024 by the authors
Rector: Sylvio Mário Puga Ferreira
Vice-Rector: Therezinha de Jesus Pinto Fraxe
Universidade Federal do Amazonas
Funding:
The translation of the booklet was funded by Fundação de Amparo à
Pesquisa no Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM and Coordenação de
Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES (Project PDPG
CAPES/FAPEAM Notice No. 018/2020).
Graphic design and layout: Chiara Lubich
Booklet on sport fishing in Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil
[digital book] : user's views / organized by Chiara Lubich...[et
al.]. -- Manaus, AM : Ed. dos Autores, 2024.
PDF
24-233771
Cataloging in Publication (CIP)
(Brazilian Book Chamber, SP, Brazil)
Indexes for systematic catalog:
1. Pesca esportiva 639.60
Aline Graziele Benitez - Librarian - CRB-1/3129
Other organizers: Glenda Bernardino, Flávia
Siqueira-Souza, Carlos Freitas.
ISBN 978-65-01-19354-0
1. Amazônia - Aspectos ambientais 2. Pesca
3. Pescadores 4. Pescaria sustentável 5. Turismo -
Aspectos ambientais 6. Turismo - Aspectos
econômicos I. Lubich, Chiara. II. Bernardino, Glenda.
III. Souza, Flávia. IV. Freitas, Carlos.
CDD-639.60
This booklet is an invitation to you, our reader, to discover, support and value the
sport fishing tourism carried out in the middle Negro River Basin, Amazonas,
Brazil. By better understanding the various perspectives of the key groups
involved and the results generated in Chiara Lubich's doctoral research, we will
contribute to the promotion of sustainable tourism, thereby benefiting the
region, its people and the environment.
Doctoral research project: The doctoral research project "Sport Fishing in the
Middle Negro River Basin, Amazonas, Brazil: Ecological, Economic and Social
Assessment" seeks to holistically analyze the aspects and impacts of sport
fishing tourism in the region. The research is conducted by Chiara Lubich under
the guidance of professors Carlos Freitas and Flávia Souza of the Graduate
Program in Animal Science and Fisheries Resources at the Federal University of
Amazonas (PPGCARP/UFAM).
Funding: The research project is financially supported by the Fundação de
Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM), through Call No.
008/2022- Kunhã program - C, T&I in Amazonas; support calls FAPEAM-PPG–
CARP: POSGRAD 2022/2023 (Resolution 005/2022); and Call No.18/2020 -
Graduate Development Program (PDPG – CAPES/FAPEAM/PPGCARP) - Strategic
partnerships in the states, support for emerging and consolidating graduate
programs in priority areas in the states. It aims to advance the understanding of
the sustainability of sport fishing tourism in the Negro River basin, specifically in
the region of Barcelos, Amazonas.
PRESENTATION
Enjoy!
MANAUS, AMAZONAS
2024
SUMMARY
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3
PRESENTATION
The incredible beauty of the middle Negro River region in the Amazon,
represented in the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas, attracts many people who
love sport fishing. The black waters of paradisiacal settings and the unique
diversity of plants and animals are so special that not only the fishers, but also
other people interested in nature visit the region.
This booklet highlights the importance of sport fishing tourism in the middle
Negro River basin and presents results obtained in the doctoral research entitled
"Sport Fishing in the Middle Negro River Basin, Amazonas, Brazil: Ecological,
Economic and Social Assessment", developed by Chiara Lubich under the
guidance of professors Carlos Freitas and Flávia Souza of the Federal University of
Amazonas.
As the focal topic of the research, sport fishing tourism plays a crucial role in
promoting the conservation of natural resources and stimulating the local
economy. In addition to providing unique experiences to sport fishers, the activity
generates jobs for guides, traders, business people and other community
members. Through this study, it was possible to understand the impact of this
activity from different perspectives, which generated important information that
contributes to the knowledge of the activity carried out in the state of Amazonas,
Brazil.
MANAUS, AMAZONAS
2024
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4
PRESENTATION
MANAUS, AMAZONAS
2024
The results presented in this booklet are based on data collected through
questionnaires applied to five key groups:
Local Community: The interaction of the local community with sport fishing
tourism is crucial in order to understand the social effects of this activity. The
engagement of local residents, their attitudes and their perceptions portray
the relationship between tourism and everyday life.
Local Commerce: Local businesses play a key role in making products and
services available to tourists. Their perspectives on sport fishing tourism
provide insights into the direct economic impact on local communities.
Sport-fishing Entrepreneurs: Entrepreneurs have a key role in the
organization and management of sport fishing operations. Their opinions on
the economic viability of the activity and the challenges faced are necessary
for the growth and sustainability scenario of the sector.
Fishing Guides: Guides play a vital role in providing enriching fishing
experiences for tourists. The knowledge acquired about the aquatic
environments and fish in the region are essential for the development of the
activity and environmental conservation.
Sport Fishers: The fishing experience of the sport fishers themselves are
crucial in order to understand their motivations for choosing Barcelos as a
main destination, as well as their role in the development of the activity in
the municipality.
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5
INFORMATION
Sport-fishing
entrepreneurs
Fishing guides
132 Sport fishers
Local commerce
SOCIAL AND
DEMOGRAPHIC
KEY GROUPS INTERVIEWED:
KEY GROUPS MONTHLY INCOME
57%
35%
42%
94% > US$ 1,511.04
(> 6 MINIMUM WAGES IN BRAZIL)
OBSERVATION:
60% of the local community surveyed has an
income of less than one minimum wage. Among
these, farmers, cleaners, the self-employed,
mechanics, teachers, nurses and fishers stand out.
Estimates
Local community 60%
2
average age of
46 years
1
33 years
(partner)
0
132
AGE AND GENDER
48
average age of
43 years
10
14
53
US$ 503.68 - US$ 1,007.36
(2 - 4 MINIMUM WAGES IN BRAZIL)
US$ 1,007.36 - US$ 1,511.04
(4 - 6 MINIMUM WAGES IN BRAZIL)
US$ 251,84 - US$ 503.68
(1 - 2 MINIMUM WAGES IN BRAZIL)
60%
100 ≤ US$ 251,84
(< 1 MINIMUM WAGE IN BRAZIL)
8
average age
of 41 years
13
average age
of 44 years
average age
of 43 years
average age
of 54 years
53
52
average age
of 44 years
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Value of Brazilian real (BRL) converted to US dollar (USD) is 5.17 BRL per 1 USD on 25/04/2024.
**
**
0
6
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Local
community
38% none or low
33% medium
29% high or very high
73% sizes are decreasing
15% sizes are increasing
12% sizes remain the same
48% none or low
30% medium
22% high or very high
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
50% none or low
30% medium
20% high or very high
48% sizes are increasing
40% sizes are decreasing
12% sizes remain the same
64% none or low
20% medium
16% high
Fishing guides
NEGATIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CHANGES IN FISH SIZES
that sport fishing causes in the
environment, in Barcelos
pollution of the environment (rivers,
lakes) as a result of sport fishing
based on past experiences
Sport-fishing
entrepreneurs
61% state that there is no
degradation
39% state that there is
degradation
There is/was no
There is/was no
There is/was no
change in this
change in this
change in this
category for the
category for the
category for the
interviewees
interviewees
interviewees
There is/was no
There is/was no
There is/was no
change in this
change in this
change in this
category for the
category for the
category for the
interviewees
interviewees
interviewees
Sport
fishers
37% sizes remain the same
29% sizes are increasing
17% sizes are decreasing
17% first visit
82% none or low
10% medium
8% high or very high
86% none or low
10% medium
4% high
Local
commerce
58% state that there is no
degradation
42% state that there is
degradation
There is/was no
There is/was no
There is/was no
change in this
change in this
change in this
category for the
category for the
category for the
interviewees
interviewees
interviewees
There is/was no
There is/was no
There is/was no
change in this
change in this
change in this
category for the
category for the
category for the
interviewees
interviewees
interviewees
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
OF SPORT FISHING
PERCEPTION
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Results based on the opinions of the five key groups interviewed
7
C. orinocensis Humboldt 1821
TUCUNARÉ
BORBOLETA
C. monoculus Agassiz 1831
TUCUNARÉ
POPOCA
Cichla temensis Humboldt 1821
SPECIES:
TUCUNARÉ PACA,
AÇU, PACA-AÇU
COMMON NAME:
LENGTH (CM): 99.0
Phractocephalus hemiliopterus
COMMON NAME:
GENUS:
PIRARARA
135.0
Boulengerella spp.
COMMON NAME:
GENUS/SPECIES:
BICUDA
88.0
61.70 70.0
Serrasalmus spp.
Pygocentrus spp.
26.4 - 50.0
Osteoglossum spp.
90.0
TRAÍRA
Hoplias spp.
65.0
PIRAÍBA
Brachyplatystoma spp.
360.0
ARUANÃ
PIRANHA
Maximum length (cm) was obtained from the list in the article by Lubich et al. (2023) (QRCode above) and from
the IGFA website.
**
* *
SPECIES CAUGHT IN SPORT FISHING
IN BARCELOS
Declining species citation rank among respondents
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
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OF SPORT FISHING
PERCEPTION
LENGTH (CM): * *
LENGTH (CM): * *
8
List of species of
interest in sport fishing:
Lubich et al. (2023)
PEIXE CACHORRO
Leporinus spp.
Megaleporinus spp. etc
ARACÚ | PIRAPARA
76.0
Pimelodus spp.
35.0
Order Siluriformes
FERAS
DIFFERENT SPECIES OF
CATFISH
REACH DIFFERENT SIZES
TUVIRA | SARAPÓ
Gymnotus spp.
Acestrorhynchus spp.
SPECIES CAUGHT IN SPORT FISHING IN
BARCELOS
MANDI
Maximum length (cm) was obtained from the list in the article by Lubich et al. (2023) (QRCode above) and from the
IGFA website.
List of species of
interest in sport fishing:
Lubich et al. (2023)
Declining species citation rank among respondents
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
OF SPORT FISHERS
PERCEPTION
COMMON NAME: CACHORRA ACARÁ-AÇU
Crenicichla spp.
COMMON NAME:
GENUS:
30.0
76.0
Plagioscion spp.
PESCADA | CORVINA
99.0
Hydrolycus spp.
Rhaphiodon spp.
Cynodon spp.
GENUS:
76.0
Astronotus spp.
45.7
Tetragonopterus spp.
LAMBARI
11.2
Arapaima gigas
COMMON NAME:
GENUS:
PIRARUCU
450.0
30.0
JACUNDÁ
Pseudoplatystoma spp.
105.0
SORUBIM | PINTADO
**
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LENGTH (CM): * *
LENGTH (CM): * *
LENGTH (CM): * *
9
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ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
RIVERS USED BY SPORT FISHING OPERATIONS
IN BARCELOS, AMAZONAS
Source: Scientific article published by Chiara Lubich, Flávia Siqueira-Souza and Carlos Freitas in 2023.
Freshwater sport fishing: characterization of operations in the middle Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil
Use your phone's camera to access the full article
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10
OF SPORT FISHERS
PERCEPTION
DEGREE OF SATISFACTION WITH THE
ENVIRONMENTAL TAX PAID BY SPORT FISHERS
57% of the local community claims no or low satisfaction;
42% of fishing guides claims no or low satisfaction;
64% of fishers claims no or low satisfaction;
93% of the sport-fishing entrepreneurs claims no or low
satisfaction;
FISHING GUIDES (82%) & ENTREPRENEURS
(68%) EARN MOST OF THEIR FAMILY
INCOME THROUGH SPORT FISHING
On average, residents of Barcelos who work in sport fishing earn about
R$ 700,00 (US$ 135.40 )per week in the high season.
RESIDE OR HAVE RESIDED WITH PEOPLE WHO WORK IN SPORT
FISHING. THEREFORE, MOST OF THE FAMILY INCOME WAS OBTAINED
FROM SERVICES PROVIDED TO SPORT FISHING COMPANIES
26%
LOCAL COMMUNITY (73%) & LOCAL
COMMERCE (51%) DERIVE MOST OF THEIR
FAMILY INCOME FROM DIFFUSE ACTIVITIES
(Ex: agriculture, self-employment, civil service,
etc.)
Despite there being
> 100% growth in the local
market during the high
season, most of the traders'
income comes from selling
goods to people living in
Barcelos
Both actors have a
secondary income
that complements
family income
"The low level of
satisfaction is due to
74% HOUSEHOLD INCOME COMES FROM AGRICULTURE, SELF-
EMPLOYMENT, COMMERCIAL FISHING, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,
OR CIVIL SERVICE (MUNICIPAL AND STATE)
No data were collected on the degree of satisfaction of local merchants.
**
**
In the case of the guides,
many say that the tax
influences the value of the
tip they get
PERCEPÇÃO
Local
community
ECONOMIC
ASPECT
the majority of respondents
not seeing the application of
the money raised and the lack
of transparency of this
resource."
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11
OF SPORT FISHERS
PERCEPTION
GOOD
SIDE
GENERATES MORE JOBS
GROWTH IN LOCAL
COMMERCE (ECONOMY);
GENERATES INCOME
AFFECTS FISH HEALTH
SOCIAL VULNERABILITIES
INCREASED FISH MORTALITY
BAD
SIDE
(Sexual exploitation and narcotics trade)
Sexual exploitation: The increase in economic activities, such as trade, mining and tourism, can lead to
greater trade, which makes the municipality more vulnerable to sexual exploitation due to the social and
economic conditions of the local population.
*
*
REGARDING THE FISH CAUGHT:
SOCIAL ASPECTS
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12
OF SPORT FISHERS
PERCEPTION
GOOD
SIDE
BAD
SIDE
Social vulnerabilities;
Lack of organization in the
municipality;
Environmental
unsustainability;
SOCIAL ASPECTS
Local community
Sport-fishing
entrepreneurs
Fishing guides
Generates more jobs;
Generates income;
Growth in local
commerce (economy);
Social vulnerabilities;
Employment and income
only during the high season;
Increased fish mortality;
Generates more jobs;
Generates income;
Growth in local commerce
(economy);
Social vulnerabilities and
crime;
Affects fish health;
Illegal fishing and increased
fish mortality;
Generates more jobs;
Generates income;
Growth in local commerce
(economy);
Social vulnerabilities (sexual exploitation and narcotics trade)
Sexual exploitation: The increase in economic activities, such as trade, mining and tourism, can lead to greater trade, which
makes the municipality more vulnerable to sexual exploitation due to the social and economic conditions of the local
population.
*
*
*
*
Local
commerce
Generates more jobs;
Generates income;
Growth in local commerce
(economy);
Social vulnerabilities;
Lower quality of fish;
Affects fish health and
increased risk of oil spillages in
the river;
*
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13
OF SPORT FISHERS
PERCEPTION
FIELD PHOTO
ARQUIVE
Photos: Chiara Lubich (October 2022 and April 2023)
To protect the identity of the interviewees, their faces have been blurred.
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TEAM
Fisheries Engineering degree from UFAM
Masters in Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries from INPA
PhD student in Animal Science and Fisheries Resources at UFAM
e-mail: lubichchiara@gmail.com
Instagram: @chiaralubichcf
CHIARA LUBICH CARDOSO FURTADO
COORDINATION
Fisheries Engineering degree from UFC
Masters in Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries from INPA
PhD in Environmental Engineering Sciences from USP
CARLOS EDWAR DE CARVALHO FREITAS
Fisheries Engineering degree from UFAM
Masters in Freshwater Biology and Inland Fisheries from INPA
PhD in Fisheries Sciences in the Tropics from UFAM
FLÁVIA KELLY SIQUEIRA DE SOUZA
Undergraduate degree in Biological Sciences from UFAM
Masters in Ecology with emphasis on population ecology from INPA
GLENDA VANESSA DOS SANTOS BERNARDINO
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
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15
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our sincere thanks to everyone that participated in the interviews in the
study. Our gratitude goes especially to the people of the local
community and the sport fishing guides who welcomed us into their
homes, even at night, with patience and generosity, as well as to the
sport fishing entrepreneurs who gave us their time. Their contributions
have brought the data to life, offering a very solid perspective on the
sport fishing in the municipality of Barcelos, Amazonas state.
The collaboration of each of you was fundamental to the success of this
study. Your stories, experiences and knowledge have enriched our
understanding of the sport fishing activity and have provided much
valuable information.
We hope that these results will help to understand sport fishing and
benefit the people of Barcelos by promoting sustainable fishing tourism
and bringing benefits to the region and the environment.
THANK YOU SO MUCH!
THANK YOU SO MUCH!
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FISHING GUIDES
LOCAL
COMMERCE
SPORT-FISHING
ENTREPRENEURS
MANAUS, AMAZONAS
2024
LOCAL COMMUNITY
SPORT FISHERS
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