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China–Pakistan Economic Corridor and Its Impact on India
Abstract
The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a collection of infrastructure projects as part of China’s broad strategic design One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative. Initially valued at 62 billion. The project is intended to further strengthen China’s strategic ties with Pakistan apart from the broader strategic aims of the former. On 20 April 2015, the then Chinese President, Xi Jinping, visited Pakistan to inaugurate this project. Both countries have since decided to establish the CPEC to connect Beijing’s Kashgar with strategically vital Pakistan’s Gwadar port through a network of roads, proposed railway tracks, an energy pipeline and fibre optic lines. The project is seen as an initiative to have enormous economic significance for both countries. For Beijing, the CPEC is a part of its grand strategic design, especially for the Indo-Pacific region, and for Islamabad, it is an opportunity to boost its development and investment indices, more importantly to boost its throttling economy. As the India factor plays a key role in binding China and Pakistan together and India is fighting a two-front war with these two adversaries, it is quite natural for New Delhi to be concerned about CPEC and respond accordingly. This article gives a general introduction about the CPEC and a theoretical understanding, followed by an attempt to answer such questions as what CPEC means for China and Pakistan and its prospects and challenges. Finally, this article attempts to analyse the impact of CPEC on India and its response. The study has adopted the qualitative method of inquiry by using the historical and analytical approach.
Pakistan Railway (PR) is vital to the country's transportation infrastructure, facilitating passenger and freight transportation. However, the growing number of accidents associated with PR has raised concerns about its overall safety. In addition, there have been limited research efforts to investigate PR accidents and their underlying causes The present study conducts a comprehensive risk assessment and safety management of PR using a semi-quantitative risk matrix approach. The study combines historical accident data and expert evaluations to assess the likelihood and consequences of different railway accident types and potential contributing factors. The descriptive statistics analysis has revealed varying degrees of severity for different types of railway accidents in Pakistan. For instance, accidents like passenger and goods train derailments and collisions at unmanned level crossings were identified as extreme and intolerable, whereas train fire accidents were categorized as high and undesirable. Moreover, accidents attributed to human error are classified as extreme and intolerable, while those caused by negligence of road users and track defects are classified as high and undesirable. The study utilized the risk matrix approach and identified critical risk areas that can help the decision-makers prioritize effective risk mitigation strategies. In light of the present study's findings, policy implications, such as investment in infrastructure to mitigate risks associated with aging or deteriorating tracks, bridges, and tunnels, and human resource development for railway personnel to improve their skills, decision-making abilities, and awareness of safety protocols, are recommended.
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a by-product of China's One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative, its impact on Pakistan's economy as well as regional prosperity; unification and integration are very obvious. Pakistan's physiography placed her at the junction of South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia and Western China. She is seated in a region which is strategically significant for world trade. Pakistan provides the shortest route to China towards Middle Eastern and the European countries and plays a vital role in transit economy. Wise policy decision in the light of recommendations of think tanks and academic would evaluate Pakistan to overcome the challenges and exploit the opportunities. Pakistan's proximity to Central Asia which has the potential to become hub of economic activities, pipelines and corridor as well as cross cultural interactions places it in a unique position. After commissioning of Gawadar port, the shipping cost is going to be reduced and delivery timing will be cut short. There are certain gray areas which needs more focus and detailed elaboration like transfer of technology under CPEC and jobs quota. Benefits and Implications are also highlighted in this article.
There is a long history of bilateral engagement between China and Pakistan. China and Pakistan relations have developed into a close friendship over the years after diplomatic ties were established in 1951. In addition to traditional diplomatic and political sectors, this collaboration has expanded to cover political, diplomatic and commercial aspects as well. In this backdrop, the study examines
the history of the Pakistan-China partnership and its rising interest in the light of continually shifting regional and global dynamics. Despite repeated failures over the last seventy-three years, this partnership has survived and is usually mentioned as an example of inter-state cooperation. In light of the aforementioned, this paper seeks to answer a number of questions about how China and Pakistan’s increasing military and other bilateral relations have an impact on India.
The primary objective of this paper is to trace the shifting balance of power in favor of China in South Asia by examining the Sino-Russo entente. The trajectories of their strategic relations gained momentum after the announcement of the ' Asia Pivot ' and the unfolding of the Crimean crisis. As their synergy is currently changing the status quo of South Asian states, the paper has attempted to explore three main factors for the same. Moscow- Beijing-Tehran Axis; warming up of Russo-Pak and China's revival of the old silk route have been analyzed to examine their respective consequences in altering the balance of power. Also, India's concerns have been addressed and some policy options have been discussed.
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); and its launch in 2015 was regarded as a landmark event in the history of the Sino-Pakistani relationship. With a budget amounting to over $62 billion, it has become the foremost regional integration initiative between China and Pakistan. The project is also open to all interested regional stakeholders, among which Central Asia is one of the most important in geopolitical terms. Located in a landlocked but resource-rich region, Central Asian countries need better access to regional markets including Pakistan, China, India, and the countries of West Asia. Pakistan and China have huge energy demands
China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as a game-changer for Pakistan and for the whole region. The whole region of Pakistan can take benefits of the projects of CPEC carried out under the umbrella of One Belt One Road initiative. This paper is aimed to explore the regional dynamics of CPEC and Indian antagonistic role towards this project. Pakistan is one of the prime states in China one belt one road initiatives. China is executing a multiyear investment in multibillion dollars program and termed it China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Several projects are included in this plan for instance Industry, communication infrastructure and energy which cost almost USD 46 billion. It is expected that CPEC will contributes remarkably in reducing poverty and socio-economic development of Pakistan. Thus, keeping in view, the benefits of CPEC, most of the analyst claimed it to be the most important mega project in Pakistan. They also claim that it will greatly benefit the people of both countries i.e. Pakistan and China.
Received: 28 October 2020 / Accepted: 5 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); and its launch in 2015 was regarded as a landmark event in the history of the Sino-Pakistani relationship. With a budget amounting to over $62 billion, it has become the foremost regional integration initiative between China and Pakistan. The project is also open to all interested regional stakeholders, among which Central Asia is one of the most important in geopolitical terms. Located in a landlocked but resource-rich region, Central Asian countries need better access to regional markets including Pakistan, China, India, and the countries of West Asia. Pakistan and China have huge energy demands that can be satisfied by growing trade with Central Asia. Thus, the CPEC will not only benefit Pakistan and China, but it also presents a strategic opportunity for Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan to transport their goods more easily and gain competitiveness in regional and global markets.
This contribution is based on the proceedings of a session on the same title organized by the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), Islamabad on August 10, 2017. The highlight of the event, as is recorded in this article, was the exclusive talk of H.E. Sun Weidong, Chinese ambassador to Pakistan while the opening and concluding remarks by Khalid Rahman, Executive President of IPS and Senator Raja Zafar-ul-Haq, Leader of the House in the Senate of Pakistan, respectively, are also part of the article. Pleasantries have been edited for the purpose of brevity and consistency.
Pakistan-China diplomatic relations span over six decades of persistent cordiality, represent a unique example in the current international political system. Until the turn of the century, this relationship was limited mostly to government-to-government, defense, political and diplomatic cooperation. However, since the start of this century, the relationship has expanded in economic, and socio-economic spheres. The realization that the two countries need each other more in the changed regional and global setting, is visible on both sides. Nevertheless, understanding of each other's society and culture is still a less-explored domain. Currently, bilateral cooperation, under the ambit of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has given this relationship an added impetus by bringing in extraordinary prospects of not only bilateral cooperation but also regional integration and development, and securing China's unhindered access to the rest of the world. Trade imbalance and evolving security challenges are some of mutual concerns warranting comprehensive treatment. The Indian postures towards the CPEC, and India's partnership with the US that aims to impede China's continuous progress have increased the significance of cooperation between Pakistan and China. Both states and societies should continue to evolve concepts, procedures and mechanisms for continuously keep augmenting the bond of friendship.
Present Sino Pakistan relations have turned a new leaf of economic development and cooperation. It is a major pathway for China's Silk and Belt Road program and might even solve the endemic energy crisis that Pakistan faces. But the paper tries to find out the nuances of the corridor and how it can act as a boon or a bane for Pakistan as well as the region.
An intimate relationship between Pakistan and China is not a novel phenomenon. For decades, they have been 'all-weather' friends – both countries enjoy enduring and deep-rooted ties. Initially, China and Pakistan were involved in a geo-strategic context, but since the end of the Cold War, their relations have increasingly become multidimensional. China emerged as an economic regional power, and over the years has been successful in generating her own sphere of influence by developing a huge export capacity along with a robust market. Pakistan had her own way with a long history of rivalry with India and then fighting the war against terror that dragged her into destitute economic conditions. India's increasing interest and influence in the region and her growing cooperation with the US alarmed both Pakistan and China. Reciprocating, Pakistan and China agreed to build a " One Belt One Road " project; also known as the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. This study helps in analyzing the addition of the geo-economic aspect in the geo-strategic Sino-Pak relationship with reference to the China Pakistan Economic Corridor in the transitioning geo-political scenario.
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of China have adored long-lasting and friendly ties – regardless of their ideological differences, evident in their very names. This article discusses economic
cooperation between China and Pakistan with Chinese investment in Pakistani infrastructural growth. The plan was successfully launched to establish an economic corridor between China and Pakistan for which the two countries have signed contracts on the proposal for Pakistan-China Economic Corridor (CPEC). The challenges in the political, security and economic fields include political instability and insecurity. However looking at the CPEC, China should not bound it to the bilateral relations, but mull it over with a regional and comprehensive vision. China should encourage the Economic Corridor projects with the assistance of its "resilient power" in energy, transportation and infrastructure along with the "flexible power" of the Chinese and Pakistani think tanks, mass media, educational exchanges, strong cooperation and make arrangements for the complete implementation of the "One Belt and One Road" initiative.
American-led globalization has enabled the third great powershift of the last five hundred years—the “rise of the rest” following on the rise of the West and then the rise of the US as the dominant power in the West.
When China, India, Brazil, Turkey and the rest sit at the table of global power with the West what will the world order look like? Will it be post-American? Will it be culturally non-Western, but play by the same rules of an open international order laid down by the American's after World War II?
In the following pages, leading American and Asian intellectuals ponder these questions.
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