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University Students’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the factors affecting the problematic mobile phone use of university students (n=2.110). The study was conducted at a university in Turkey between April and May 2018. The students were found to have an above-average level of mobile phone addiction, an average level of deterioration in social relations, having problems as a result of using a mobile phone below the average, and using problematic mobile phones. The scale scores of girls were higher. It was determined that as the education level of the parents increased, the addiction scores of the students increased. Being aware of the problematic status of university students' mobile phone usage can help raise awareness about the issue and take necessary precautions.
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Background: The study aims to examine the use of cell phones on physical and mental health status and their impact on personality among university students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The association of physical and mental health variables with the demographic variables was examined using Pearson’s correlation and χ2-test. The binary logistic regression model was further used to predict the probabilities of negative impact on personality due to excessive use of cell phones.
Results: A total of 400 participants participated with a mean age of 24.45 ± 3.45 years. The average eye strain was more in High cell phone users HCPU than in LCPU and that difference was significant p = 0.000. The average neck pain was more in (HCPU) than Low cell phone users (LCPU) and there was a significant difference between the two groups with p = 0.006. The average weight gain was more in HCPU than LCPU and that difference was significant p = 0.000. Considering back pain, back pain was found more in HCPU as compared to LCPU with a statistical difference at p = 0.027. Cell phone usage significantly correlated with eye strain (r = 0.577, p = 0.000), neck pain (r = 0.543, p = 0.000), back pain (r = 0.611, p = 0.000), weight gain (r = 0.423, p = 0.000), depression (r = 0.430, p = 0.000), loneliness (r = −0.276, p = 0.002), and mood disorder (r = 0.608, p = 0.000). Eye strain, neck pain, and back pain were observed more in HCPU than in LCPU. HCPU felt they gained more weight when compared to the respondents in the LCPU group. HCPU felt more changes in mood and felt low when compared to the LCPU, while LCPU group felt lonelier when compared to the HCPU group.
Conclusions: The study highlights a significant association between excessive use of cell phones and negative effects on physical and mental health wellbeing. Based on the results, it is recommended that more physical activities and alternatives to minimize cell phone usage should be planned for the students. Public health policymakers and stakeholders need to address the ill effects of excessive use of cell phones through novel policies., especially young students, and alternatives to reduce their cell phone activities.
Bu çalışma, Covid-19 salgını ile birlikte yaşamlarında ilk kez küresel çapta salgına tanıklık eden öğrencilerin salgın döneminde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı riskinin farklı demografik özellikler açısından incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada öğrencilerin salgın öncesi ve salgın dönemindeki telefon kullanım süresini, sürenin artışı söz konusu ise kullanım amacını, kullanılan özellikler ve programlar açısından karşılaştırmalar da yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya Türkiye’de üniversite eğitimine devam eden farklı sosyo-demografik özelliklere sahip öğrenciler (n=337) katılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; öğrencilerin Covid-19 salgın döneminde telefon kullanım sürelerinin arttığı ve akıllı telefonu en çok gündemdeki haberleri takip etmek ve görüntülü konuşmak/haberleşmek amacıyla kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca salgın öncesinde günde ortalama 6, salgın döneminde 8 saatten fazla akıllı telefon kullanan, telefonunu günde 41 kereden fazla kontrol eden ve akıllı telefon bağımlısı olduğunu düşünen öğrencilerin, diğer öğrencilere göre akıllı telefon bağımlılığı riski taşıdığı saptanmıştır.Elde edilen bulgular konuyla ilgili salgın öncesinde ve salgın döneminde yapılan sınırlı sayıdaki çalışmalarla tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Background:
Smartphones are now an important gadget for us, but the many are getting addicted to it. Researchers showed that smartphone addiction and late-night usage affects sleep quality. Indian nurses are already facing a heavy burden of depression and present position of nurses is quite insecure. Very few studies were performed over nursing students and that leads to the selection of this topic for my research.
Methodology:
It was a cross-sectional, observational, and questionnaire-based study, performed over B.Sc. Nursing students of University College of Nursing, WBUHS. The questionnaire has three parts. The first part was for sociodemographic variables, the second part measures the addictive phenomena associated with smartphone overuse using a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the last part was intended to measure the sleep quality by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Collected data was compiled and analyzed with the help of MS-Excel from Microsoft Office Package-2016.
Results:
Out of 91 students, 46 students were found to be not addicted, while 45 were addicted to smartphone, as measured by SAS. On PSQI, 17.58% students were found to be good sleepers, while 82.42% came out to be poor sleepers. Significant association was found between age and smartphone addiction (p=0.000031) and between daily calls and sleep quality (p=0.025333).
Conclusion:
It can be finally concluded that increase in smartphone usage is now a serious matter of concern and lower age groups are more susceptible towards it. Broad-spectrum studies involving multiple institutions is needed to reveal the bigger picture.
Objective:
Research shows that poor sleep quality and smartphone addiction are common problems among university students. This study was planned to evaluate the quality of sleep in students at Pamukkale University and to investigate its relationship with smartphone addiction.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out at the university campus in 2017-2018. Its dependent variable was low sleep quality. Independent variables were smartphone addiction, features related to smartphone addiction, socio-demographic features and other questioned features. The total number of students attending normal education in seven faculties and two colleges for four years was 20862. The minimum sample size of the study was calculated as 1088. Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program.
Results:
The mean age was of the participants 21.39 ± 2.21. The sleep quality of students with a PSQI total score of more than five was defined as 'poor'. The frequency of poor sleep quality was 52.4%. The frequency of smartphone addiction was 34.6% according to the SAS-SV scale. It was found that the frequency of poor sleep quality was significantly higher in students with smartphone addiction compared to others.
Conclusion:
Smartphone addiction was found as one of the risk factors for poor sleep quality.
Smartphones have become essentials in our life in this era, especially in the life of university students. It has become a one-stop-centre for many things. Students set schedules and meetings on their phone, set up online meetings via skype, make conference video calls to communicate with their friends and family, review their course notes on the phone as well as participate in online classes with a smartphone. The usage of smartphones has become endless. Together with that, addiction towards smartphones has become inevitable. Smartphone addiction has caused many issues, such as emotional distress, neck pain and sleep disorder. In this paper, we report the results of a quantitative study that was conducted to evaluate smartphone addiction disorder among 135 university students. A survey consisting of the 26 items of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was administered to determine the impact of smartphone usage on university students and to study the factors related to the addiction. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out to study the underlying connection within the 26 items and the students. Results indicate that smartphone addiction among the university students is in the average, as the total SPAI score for 73 participants focuses in the middle range. The EFA outcome suggested a two-factor solution: Dependency and Well-beingness. The results of our study indicate that students' well-being is getting affected by the usage of smartphones.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smartphone / social media use and sleep related variables on academic achievement in pre-clinical medical students. Materials and Methods: 226 students receiving pre-clinical medical education at the same institution were included in the study. All participants completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Social Media Addiction Scale-Adult Form(SMAS-AF), Smartphone Addiction Scale(SAS). The participants were categorized as low / medium / high risk according to the scores of smartphone addiction scale. Results: According to the risk of smartphone addiction, the mean score of Average Acamedic Marks(AAM) of the group with low dependency risk was 71.8 ± 8, the mean score of AAM of the group with the middle risk dependency risk was 68.4 ± 8.77, and the mean score of AAM of the group with the high dependency risk was 67.4 ± 9.75. The mean scores of AAM of the low-risk group in terms of smartphone addiction were significantly higher than the high-risk group. Social media addiction total scores of the high risk group in terms of smartphone addiction were significantly higher than the medium and low risk group. A multivariate hierarchical regression analysis model suggested that gender, sleep efficiency, SAS and SMASAF scores affected AAM. Conclusion: Use of social media/smartphone by medical students can affect sleep habits and academic success during the period of pre-clinical education. Inclusion of training on conscious use of social media and smartphone and emphasizing the importance of sleep habits in medical education have the potential to contribute to the development of better-equipped physicians.
The purpose of this study is to examine the smartphone addiction levels among university students. For this purpose, first of all, students' addiction levels were determined, and then it was examined whether these levels differed according to the gender of the students, the purpose of using the internet on the smartphone, and the usage times of smartphones. The causal comparison method was used in the research as a quantitative research method and the sampling of the research consisted of 435 students studying in the Faculty of Theology at Ondokuz Mayıs University and who were determined by the accessible sampling method. In order to determine the smartphone addiction levels of university students, the data was obtained with the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Descriptive statistics, the independent samples t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the research showed that students studying in the Faculty of Theology had low levels of smartphone addiction, male students had higher levels of smartphone addiction compared to female students, the use of social media via smartphones increased the risk of addiction, and that students with a higher average daily smartphone usage also had higher levels of addiction.
Background and aims:
The literature has proposed two types of problematic smartphone/internet use: generalized problematic use and specific problematic use. However, longitudinal findings on the associations between the two types of problematic use and psychological distress are lacking among East-Asians. The present study examined temporal associations between both generalized and specific problematic use of the smartphone/internet, and psychological distress.
Methods:
Hong Kong University students (N = 308; 100 males; mean age = 23.75 years; SD ± 5.15) were recruited with follow-ups at three, six, and nine months after baseline assessment. All participants completed the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (for generalized problematic smartphone/internet use), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (for specific problematic smartphone/internet use), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (for psychological distress) in each assessment. Latent growth modeling (LGM) was constructed to understand temporal associations between generalized/specific problematic use and psychological distress.
Results:
The LGM suggested that the intercept of generalized problematic use was significantly associated with the intercept of psychological distress (standardized coefficient [β] = 0.32; P < 0.01). The growth of generalized problematic use was significantly associated with the growth of psychological distress (β = 0.51; P < 0.01). Moreover, the intercept of specific problematic use was significantly associated with the intercept of psychological distress (β = 0.28; P < 0.01) and the growth of psychological distress (β = 0.37; P < 0.01).
Conclusion:
The initial level of problematic use of smartphone/internet increased the psychological distress among university students. Helping young adults address problematic use of the smartphone/internet may prevent psychological distress.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and leisure satisfaction of university students in terms of some variables. In the study, correlational survey research model was used and smartphone addiction and leisure satisfaction of university students were examined with a comparative approach. The population of this study consists of 855 university students studying at two large universities. Smartphone Addiction and Leisure Satisfaction Scales were used to collect research data. Research findings show that leisure satisfaction and smartphone addiction among university students are high. Another finding of the research is that students who participate in active sports, social, artistic and cultural activities have low smartphone addiction. Finally, smartphone addiction among students significantly reduces their leisure satisfaction.
: Background: Smartphones have become an indispensable part of the daily lives of adolescents in the 21st century, which is characterized by a highly digitized modern world. Besides their many advantages, smartphones might pave the way to compulsive usage and addictive experiences. To remedy this problem, this study proposes an authentic approach which integrates consumer behavior theories and techniques such as unhook and gamification. An education program has been designed based on these approaches to decrease the problematic smartphone use.
Method:
The participants of the education program consisted of 305 students (48.2% girls and 51.8% boys) with a mean age of 14.57 (SD = 0.74). The Demographic Form and Smartphone Addiction Scale for Adolescents (SASA) were conducted before the education program and three weeks after the education.
Results:
The results of the paired sample t-test analysis before and after the education program revealed that the SASA total scores decreased significantly (p < 0.01). There are significant differences in terms of gender, mothers' education and class levels.
Conclusion:
This research emphasizes the role of an interdisciplinary approach to the addiction problem. The content used in the education program includes strategies that originally aimed at increasing consumption. The effectiveness of the program can be enhanced further in the future along with self-regulatory additions.
The development of telecom technology has a profound impact on the lives and activities of the people of the world. Smartphone usage became popular to young generation because of its educational and entertaining options by using the numerous apps. Among the young people, students are increasingly using Smartphone. But excessive Smartphone usage usually makes the students addicted to that subconsciously impacts on user’s academic performance, daily activities, physical and mental health and withdrawal tendency, and social relationships. This study aims at identifying the factors that affect the level of Smartphone addiction of the students and its impact on their academic performance. A structured questionnaire has been developed to gather data from the students. A total of 247 questionnaires were collected from the business students of a university of Bangladesh. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) the data were analyzed. Results revealed five Smartphone addiction factors such as, positive anticipation, impatience and tolerance, withdrawal, daily-life disturbance, and cyber friendship. Tolerance and daily-life disturbance have significant impact on students’ academic performance. This study suggests that the students should minimize the usage of Smartphone for achieving good academic performance.
Aims
In light of the rise in research on technological addictions and smartphone addiction in particular, the aim of this paper was to review the relevant literature on the topic of smartphone addiction and determine whether this disorder exists or if it does not adequately satisfy the criteria for addiction.
Methods
We reviewed quantitative and qualitative studies on smartphone addiction and analyzed their methods and conclusions to make a determination on the suitability of the diagnosis “addiction” to excessive and problematic smartphone use.
Results
Although the majority of research in the field declares that smartphones are addictive or takes the existence of smartphone addiction as granted, we did not find sufficient support from the addiction perspective to confirm the existence of smartphone addiction at this time. The behaviors observed in the research could be better labeled as problematic or maladaptive smartphone use and their consequences do not meet the severity levels of those caused by addiction.
Discussion and conclusions
Addiction is a disorder with severe effects on physical and psychological health. A behavior may have a similar presentation as addiction in terms of excessive use, impulse control problems, and negative consequences, but that does not mean that it should be considered an addiction. We propose moving away from the addiction framework when studying technological behaviors and using other terms such as “problematic use” to describe them. We recommend that problematic technology use is to be studied in its sociocultural context with an increased focus on its compensatory functions, motivations, and gratifications.
Several studies have shown that problematic smartphone use (PSU) is related to detrimental outcomes, such as worse psychological well-being, higher cognitive distraction, and poorer academic outcomes. In addition, many studies have shown that PSU is strongly related to social media use. Despite this, the relationships between PSU, as well as the frequency of social media use in lectures, and different approaches to learning have not been previously studied. In our study, we hypothesized that both PSU and the frequency of social media use in lectures are negatively correlated with a deep approach to learning (defined as learning for understanding) and positively correlated with a surface approach to learning (defined as superficial learning). The study participants were 415 Estonian university students aged 19–46 years (78.8% females; age M = 23.37, SD = 4.19); the effective sample comprised 405 participants aged 19–46 years (79.0% females; age M = 23.33, SD = 4.21). In addition to basic socio-demographics, participants were asked about the frequency of their social media use in lectures, and they filled out the Estonian Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Estonian Revised Study Process Questionnaire. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that PSU and the frequency of social media use in lectures were negatively correlated with a deep approach to learning and positively correlated with a surface approach to learning. Mediation analysis showed that social media use in lectures completely mediates the relationship between PSU and approaches to learning. These results indicate that the frequency of social media use in lectures might explain the relationships between poorer academic outcomes and PSU.
Background
Smartphones are becoming increasingly indispensable in everyday life for most undergraduates in China, and this has been associated with problematic use or addiction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of smartphone addiction and the associated factors in male and female undergraduates.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 and included 1441 undergraduate students at Wannan Medical College, China. The Smartphone Addiction Scale short version (SAS-SV) was used to assess smartphone addiction among the students, using accepted cut-offs. Participants’ demographic, smartphone usage, and psycho-behavioral data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to seek associations between smartphone addiction and independent variables among the males and females, separately.
Results
The prevalence of smartphone addiction among participants was 29.8% (30.3% in males and 29.3% in females). Factors associated with smartphone addiction in male students were use of game apps, anxiety, and poor sleep quality. Significant factors for female undergraduates were use of multimedia applications, use of social networking services, depression, anxiety, and poor sleep quality.
Conclusions
Smartphone addiction was common among the medical college students investigated. This study identified associations between smartphone usage, psycho-behavioral factors, and smartphone addiction, and the associations differed between males and females. These results suggest the need for interventions to reduce smartphone addiction among undergraduate students.
The development of telecom technology has a profound impact on the lives and activities of the people of the world. Smartphone usage became popular to young generation because of its educational and entertaining options by using the numerous apps. Among the young people, students are increasingly using Smartphone. But excessive Smartphone usage usually makes the students addicted to that subconsciously impacts on user’s academic performance, daily activities, physical and mental health and withdrawal tendency, and social relationships. This study aims at identifying the factors that affect the level of Smartphone addiction of the students and its impact on their academic performance. A structured questionnaire has been developed to gather data from the students. A total of 247 questionnaires were collected from the business students of a university of Bangladesh. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) the data were analyzed. Results revealed five Smartphone addiction factors such as, positive anticipation, impatience and tolerance, withdrawal, daily-life disturbance, and cyber friendship. Tolerance and daily-life disturbance have significant impact on students’ academic performance. This study suggests that the students should minimize the usage of Smartphone for achieving good academic performance.
Abstract Background Health outcomes of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from mobile phones and their base stations are of concern. Conducting multidisciplinary research, targeting children and exploring dose-response are recommended. Our objectives were to describe the mobile phone usage characteristics of high school students and to explore the association between mobile phone usage characteristics, high school EMF levels and self-reported symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional study’s data were collected by a survey questionnaire and by measuring school EMF levels between November 2009 and April 2011. A sample size of 2530 was calculated from a total of 20,493 students in 26 high schools and 2150 (85.0%) were included in the analysis. The frequencies of 23 symptoms were questioned and analysed according to 16 different aspects of mobile phone use and school EMF levels, exploring also dose-response. School EMF levels were measured with Aaronia Spectran HF-4060 device. Chi square and trend tests were used for univariate and logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses. Results Among participants, 2021 (94.0%) were using mobile phones and 129 (6.0%) were not. Among users, 49.4% were speaking
Background:
Poor sleep quality is closely associated with lifestyle habits including use of mobile cell-phones.This study aimed to identify the relationship between sleep quality due to abuse in mobile cell-phones and engagement in social networks.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 undergraduate students selected by proportional stratified sampling in Qom, Iran in 2015. Data were collected by two standard questionnaire including Cell-Phone Over-Use Scale (COS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire beside the status of usage in cell-phone social networks. T-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate logistic regression were used in data analysis.
Results:
The mean age of participants was 21.8 ±3.2 yr, 69.1% were female, and 11.7% were married. The mean of COS and sleep quality scores were 48.18 ±17.5 and 5.38 ±2.31, respectively. The prevalence of over-use of cell phone was 10.7% (CI 0.95; 8.8%, 12.6%) and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 61.7% (CI 0.95; 57.1%, 66.3%). The mean of all aspects and total score of sleep quality showed a direct significant association by cell-phone addiction score except sleep duration score that was inversely. Based on multivariate analysis affected to cell-phone addiction, being male gender and studying in general physician level are the most important predictors of poor sleep quality.
Conclusions:
Over use of internet and social networks via smart phones is related to poor sleep quality and quantity. Predefined sport programs, educational, cultural, and interesting entertainment are the essential needs for all medical students. These interventions are more important especially for male students who have longer educational.
Background and aims:
The usage of smartphones has increased rapidly in recent years, and this has brought about addiction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between smartphone use severity and sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students.
Methods:
In total, 319 university students (203 females and 116 males; mean age = 20.5 ± 2.45) were included in the study. Participants were divided into the following three groups: a smartphone non-user group (n = 71, 22.3%), a low smartphone use group (n = 121, 37.9%), and a high smartphone use group (n = 127, 39.8%). All participants were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory; moreover, participants other than those in the smartphone non-user group were also assessed with the Smartphone Addiction Scale.
Results:
The findings revealed that the Smartphone Addiction Scale scores of females were significantly higher than those of males. Depression, anxiety, and daytime dysfunction scores were higher in the high smartphone use group than in the low smartphone use group. Positive correlations were found between the Smartphone Addiction Scale scores and depression levels, anxiety levels, and some sleep quality scores.
Conclusions:
The results indicate that depression, anxiety, and sleep quality may be associated with smartphone overuse. Such overuse may lead to depression and/or anxiety, which can in turn result in sleep problems. University students with high depression and anxiety scores should be carefully monitored for smartphone addiction.
The steep rise of smartphone use has raised public concerns about smartphone addiction and its associated negative health consequences, such as poor sleep quality; however, limited research has examined the psychological mechanisms underlying these associations. The current study tested the effects of smartphone addiction on poor sleep quality, through self-regulation and bedtime procrastination, among 427 Chinese undergraduate students, aged 18 or older (M = 19.36; female = 66%), who voluntarily completed an anonymous online questionnaire. The results showed that 1/3 of participants reported poor subjective sleep quality. Smartphone addiction and bedtime procrastination had a significant positive relationship, whereas self-regulation had a significant negative association, with poor sleep quality (which was assessed by sleep latency, sleep duration, and subjective sleep quality). Despite its nonsignificant direct effects, the indirect effects of smartphone addiction, via both self-regulation and bedtime procrastination, on the three indicators of poor sleep quality were statistically significant. The findings have supported the premise that both bedtime procrastination and poor self-regulation are risk-enhancing mediators on the association between smartphone addiction on poor sleep quality. Therefore, they should be considered in intervention programs (e.g., self-regulation skill training) to reduce smartphone addiction and improve sleep quality and physical wellbeing among university students.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between smartphone addiction, cyberloafing, stress and social support. The research data were collected from 885 undergraduate students studying at a public university in Turkey using an online questionnaire. The relationship between the variables was tested by path analysis. The results of the research showed that class level, family income and place of residence had no significant effect on smartphone addiction, cyberloafing, stress and perceived social support. Smartphone addiction, stress and perceived social support differed significantly by gender. Stress has significant effect on cyberloafing and smartphone addiction, and cyberloafing has significant effect on smartphone addiction. Social support has a small but significant effect on cyberloafing, but it has no significant effect on stress. The results of the research are discussed with regard to higher education students and future studies.
1 Purpose
This study was conducted to compare the relationship between the smartphone addiction and loneliness in high school and university students.
2 Design and Methods
A correlation and descriptive study from a convenience sample of 1156 high school and university students. Questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction scale, and Short Loneliness scale were used to collect the data of the study.
3 Findings
No relationship was found between the smartphone addiction and loneliness in high school and university students.
4 Practice Implacitions
It is recommended to organize comprehensive training programs for the students and their families in the school health services.
Objectives: This study is to investigate the relationships among depression, communication competence and level of Smartphone addiction and to identify factors related to Smartphone addiction of college students. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Participants in this cross-sectional survey were 293 undergraduate students. Data were collected from August 28 to September 15, 2015 using the self-report questionnaire. Findings: 14.7% of participants have a risk group of Smartphone addiction. Depression (r = .407, p < .001) was positively related to Smartphone addiction and communication competence (r = -.281, p < .001) was negatively related to Smartphone addiction. Depression (β = .302, p < .001), communication competence (β =-.148, p < .01), daily Smartphone using time (β = .144, p < .01), grade (β = .136, p < .01), academic achievement (β = .119, p < .05) and gender (β = .117, p < .05) were identified as significant predictors of Smartphone addiction. Improvements/Applications: These findings support the importance of establishing intervention strategies designed to decrease depression of students to help them prevent Smartphone addiction.
We explored the frequency and indices of smartphone addiction in a group of King Saud University students and investigated whether there were differences in smartphone addiction based on gender, social status, educational level, monthly income and hours of daily use. We developed a questionnaire probing smartphone addiction consisting of five dimensions: 1) overuse of smartphone, 2) the psychological-social dimension, 3) the health dimension, 4) preoccupation with smartphones, and 5) the technological dimension. After being validated, the questionnaire was administered to 416 students, both male and female, at King Saud University. Results revealed that addiction percentage among participants was 48%. The order of smartphone addiction indices were as follows: overuse of smartphone, the technological dimension, the psychological-social dimension, preoccupation with smartphones, and the health dimension. Significant gender differences were found in the degree of addiction on the whole questionnaire and all of its dimensions with the exception of the technological dimension in favor of males. Significant differences by social status were found in favor of the unmarried. Bachelor degree students were found to have the highest degree of addiction. Significant differences by hours of daily use were also detected in favor of participants using the smartphone for more than 4 h a day. As to the monthly income dimension, significant differences were found on the health dimension in favor of participants with lower monthly income.
This study aimed to verify whether achieving a distinctive academic performance is unlikely for students at high risk of smartphone addiction. Additionally, it verified whether this phenomenon was equally applicable to male and female students. After implementing systematic random sampling, 293 university students participated by completing an online survey questionnaire posted on the university’s student information system. The survey questionnaire collected demographic information and responses to the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) items. The results showed that male and female university students were equally susceptible to smartphone addiction. Additionally, male and female university students were equal in achieving cumulative GPAs with distinction or higher within the same levels of smartphone addiction. Furthermore, undergraduate students who were at a high risk of smartphone addiction were less likely to achieve cumulative GPAs of distinction or higher.
Adaptation of problematic mobile phone use scale to turkish: A validity and reliability study
- Ç Tekin
- G Gunes
- C Colak
Tekin, Ç., Gunes, G., & Colak, C. (2014). Adaptation of problematic mobile phone use scale to turkish: A validity and reliability
study. Medicine Science, 3(3):1361-81. doi: 10.5455/medscience.2014.03.8138