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Mercenaries, Private Military Companies (PMC’s) and the ‘New Scramble’ for Africa: The Interplay of Economics, Geopolitics and Shifting Alliances from the ‘Old’ to the ‘New Scramble’
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Cannabis is a worldwide economic plant with uses in medicinal, food, nutraceutical, and recreational products. There is a scarcity of data on bioactive compounds and nutritional content to support the proper consumption of cannabis leaves. A completely randomized design was used to determine and quantitatively analyze the content of bioactive compounds and nutritional contents in four cannabis breeding lines at a significance level of p<0.05. The four breeding lines have different levels of bioactive compounds and nutritional contents. RSU09 had the highest antioxidant content, followed by RSU12, RSU08, and RSU01. Anthocyanin content was highest in RSU09, followed by RSU08, and lowest in RSU01 and RSU12, respectively. Anthocyanin contents in four cannabis breeding lines were statistically significantly different (p<0.05). Each breeding line has different levels of nutritional value. The nutritional contents obtained in this study could provide baseline information on cannabis as a food source and its consumption requirements. Additionally, this study's nutritional contents and bioactive compounds showed potential for broad applications in the food, medical, and nutraceutical industries.
This article carries forward the interpretation set out in Part I, which was published in the last issue of the Review (XXXIX, 4, Nov. 1986, pp. 501-25). Part I suggested a way of approaching British history which avoided the stereotypes on which both Marxist and liberal historians of imperialism have tended to rely. The interpretation offered emphasized the economic weight and the political power of non-industrial but still capitalist forms of enterprise in the period 1688-1945. It then considered the ways in which these influences, dominated by the landed interest, shaped British history and the British presence abroad between 1688 and 1850. Part II deals with the reconstruction of the gentlemanly order in the middle of the nineteenth century, when new forms of property headed by finance and services gained precedence over land, and traces the influence of this expanding sector overseas, arguing that Britain's informal influence was growing, not declining, in the late nineteenth century and that the period after 1914 was one of continuing imperialist rivalry and not merely of the management of nationalism in an era of colonial retreat.
This article critically examines the privatisation of security in the West African state of Sierra Leone. The focus on Sierra Leone brings to the fore the post-Cold War debate about the strategic impact of private military or mercenary companies in intra-state conflicts in Africa. It also raises the crucial issue of the link between low-intensity conflicts and strategic minerals and how neo-liberal globalisation forces have provided market opportunity for mercenary companies to fill the security vacuum created by collapsed states in Africa.
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