Enterprise architecture frameworks. An immersion in its complexity. [Marcos de arquitectura empresarial. Una inmersión en su complejidad]

Abstract

This paper addresses the subject of Enterprise Architecture from the role of its working groups in its development and evolution. These have been a fundamental part of most of the architecture projects carried out at an international level. The work starts with a conceptualization of the frameworks, grouping the theoretical findings in several conceptual aspects. Subsequently, a balance is made between the positive and negative elements of the frameworks, ending with an assessment of their impact on the evolution of enterprise architecture initiatives. Finally, a broad set of frameworks is surveyed, including information on their countries of origin, year of publication, author, etc. The resulting list reflects the complexity of the universe of frameworks and the wide variety of options for implementing enterprise architecture projects.

Full text

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
108
https://doi.org/10.35381/i.p.v6i11.4185
Enterprise architecture frameworks. An immersion in its complexity
Marcos de arquitectura empresarial. Una inmersión en su complejidad
Maykel Manuel Chavez-Rodriguez
maykel.chavez40@gmail.com
Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara
Cuba
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-0806
Ebir González-Cruz
ebir@uclv.edu.cu
Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara
Cuba
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-1599
Lilibet Bande-González
lbande@uclv.cu
Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Villa Clara
Cuba
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5675-7107
Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
nayi78@gmail.com
Centro Internacional de Investigación y Formación Avanzada, Ambato, Tungurahua,
Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-537X
Received: March 10, 2024
Revised: May 15, 2024
Approval: June 15, 2024
Published: July 01, 2024

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
109
ABSTRACT
This paper addresses the subject of Enterprise Architecture from the role of its working
groups in its development and evolution. These have been a fundamental part of most
of the architecture projects carried out at an international level. The work starts with a
conceptualization of the frameworks, grouping the theoretical findings in several
conceptual aspects. Subsequently, a balance is made between the positive and
negative elements of the frameworks, ending with an assessment of their impact on the
evolution of enterprise architecture initiatives. Finally, a broad set of frameworks is
surveyed, including information on their countries of origin, year of publication, author,
etc. The resulting list reflects the complexity of the universe of frameworks and the wide
variety of options for implementing enterprise architecture projects.
Descriptors: Enterprise Architecture; frameworks; organizational engineering.
(UNESCO Thesaurus).
RESUMEN
En el presente trabajo se aborda la temática de la Arquitectura Empresarial desde el
papel de sus marcos de trabajo en su desarrollo y evolución. Estos, han sido parte
fundamental de la mayoría de los proyectos de arquitectura que se llevan a cabo a nivel
internacional. El trabajo parte de una conceptualización de los marcos de trabajo,
agrupando los hallazgos teóricos en varias vertientes conceptuales. Posteriormente, se
realiza un balance entre los elementos positivos y negativos de los marcos de trabajo,
finalizando con una valoración de su impacto para la evolución de las iniciativas de
arquitectura empresarial. Finalmente, se estudia un amplio conjunto de marcos, con
información sobre sus países de origen, año de publicación, autor, etc. El listado
resultante, refleja la complejidad del universo de los marcos de trabajo y la amplia
variedad de opciones para implementar proyectos de arquitectura empresarial.
Descriptores: Arquitectura empresarial; marcos de trabajo; ingeniería organizacional.
(Tesauro UNESCO).

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
110
INTRODUCTION
In the context of the complexity of today's organizations and the relevance of factors
such as agility, flexibility and process digitization, holistic and radical initiatives are
necessary. One of these solutions has become highly accepted in both business and
academic circles: enterprise architecture (Telnov et al., 2024). Although enterprise
architecture as a discipline is relatively recent, its true origins go back well before the
1980s when processes and procedures were still structured manually. Its origins date
back to 1987 when J. A. Zachman published his famous IBM magazine article on the
topic of information systems architecture (Zachman, 1987).
The balance among the levels of strategy, business and information systems is shifting
as organizations are affected by rapid changes in a competitive and dynamic
environment (Hindarto & Putra, 2024b). In this context, enterprise architecture (EA) is
seen as a promising approach to improve business alignment. Managing the complexity
of today’s organizations remains a constant challenge, causing enterprise agility to
become one of the most far-reaching concerns in the business world. Enterprise
Architecture helps to address important challenges like achieving sustainability of the
business in its market (Kawtar et al., 2022), ensuring process continuity, ensuring robust
performance (Petrov et al., 2022) and coping with the digitization of business processes
(Schubert et al., 2023).
Enterprise Architecture has revolutionized the organizational world as it integrates
systems in an environment of operational efficiency and market responsiveness
(Hindarto and Putra, 2024a). It provides a roadmap for the integration of different
technological elements, databases and applications in the organization's ecosystem,
always with a tendency to standardize processes and create a unified framework
(Hindarto& Putra, 2024b). It is accepted among business initiatives for its ability to
implement agile systems, which at the same time can deal with the complexity of

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
111
production processes (Bokolo & Sobah Abbas, 2022; Brée & Karger, 2022) and provide
solutions to the integration of people, technologies and systems.
Enterprise architecture represents the symbiotic adoption of information technology as a
transformative element of organizational culture (Petrov et al., 2022) and is capturing the
attention of experts, academics and business practitioners. It is an innovative
combination of architectural discipline and business management, which poses a
technical development (Oberle et al., 2023) and includes the essential elements of an
organization (Apriyandi, 2024). It is used as a systematic and tactical strategy that
encompasses the design, integration and management of vital organizational elements.
Other elements that have contributed to the rise of enterprise architecture are its
focused contributions to digital transformation, to managing organizational complexity
(Bokolo & Sobah, 2022), ensuring consistency of organizational objects (Brée& Karger,
2022), harmonising technological needs and fostering agility (Ettahiri & Doumi, 2022).
Enterprise architecture is the first discipline to bridge the communication gap between
the business and its stakeholders by creating several complementary perspectives
(Fernández et al., 2022).
Despite many theoretical studies, approaches to the topic and recent developments, a
globally accepted definition of enterprise architecture has not been achieved (Schubert
et al., 2023). The origin of the term "architecture" comes from an analogy with
construction, which has been used before in the software industry. As there is no single
definition of enterprise architecture, it can be considered an evolving concept, with
various conceptual interpretations. (Ari & Utami, 2022)
One of the most universally accepted definitions is provided by the ISO/IEC/IEEE
standard (Standard 42010:2011), cited by Schubert et al. (2023) and Apriyandi (2024),
which states that "it is the fundamental organisation of a system, embodied in its
components, their relationships with each other and with the environment, and the
principles that govern its design and evolution".

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
112
Enterprise architecture constitutes a set of properties of a system for the integration of
its elements, relationships and design principles, which captures the essence of an
enterprise and its basic organization (Bokolo & Sobah, 2022). It also establishes the
standardization requirements of the company's operating model, including the current
state, future state and roadmap for transition to the future state (Hindarto & Indrajit,
2023). It is also considered a comprehensive discipline, providing processes, tools,
principles and structures (Bokolo & Sobah Abbas, 2022) to achieve a set of high-level
comprehensive descriptions (Ari & Utami, 2022) that are logically linked to each other. It
is also defined as a comprehensive and holistic description of an organization, which
cooperates in the deployment of all dimensions of a firm (Chávez, 2021).
Enterprise architecture is fundamental to help organize and strategically monitor
changes in infrastructure and operational procedures (Hindarto & Indrajit, 2023). It is
crucial for organizational design and the process of timely management of
organizational resources (Schoonderbeek & Proper, 2024; Ningsih et al., 2024).
Enterprise architecture has now become the basis for building corporate information
systems (Judijanto et al., 2023), providing flexibility (Hindarto & Putra, 2024a),
interoperability, efficiency, sustainability and complexity management (Apriyandi, 2024).
Its contribution is fundamental to projects such as "Society 5.0" or the Internet of Things
(Hindarto et al., 2024b), as it has the potential to merge cyberspace and physical space,
creating a people-centric environment (Ko¸c et al., 2022; Bokolo & Sobah, 2022; Ettahiri
& Doumi, 2022).
The actual work aims to address the issue of enterprise architecture frameworks through
their conceptualization, the analysis of their positive impact on enterprise architecture,
the analysis of their weaknesses and the update of the current universe of models. The
research vindicates the importance of frameworks in the development of enterprise
architecture as a discipline. These have been instrumental in delivering value through

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
113
enterprise architecture, facilitating the development of architectural models and
shortening implementation cycles for architectural initiatives.
METHOD
The method used to carry out the study is documentary analysis, which is a technical
research method that uses intellectual operations to describe and represent a set of
documents, facilitating analysis and retrieval. In general, it corresponds to the qualitative
research paradigm where information is collected, compiled and selected from various
sources such as documents, journals, books, recordings, among others. In this method,
observation is manifested in data analysis, integrating intellectual abilities and skills to
support the identification of essential fragments of the documents under study, to arrive
at the reconstruction of their content, in a process called "synthesis".
Documentary Analysis aims to represent the content of the documents reviewed for
consultation or retrieval, considering the different nuances and important elements. It is
not only about scientific-informative extraction as a reflection of the original source, but
also about finding new messages and approaches in the analyzed documents. This
study is classified as monographic, since it addresses the broad and deep development
of enterprise architecture frameworks from a multidimensional approach. The Table 1
provides the specific techniques used within the documentary research.
The following stages were carried out to conduct the study:
1. Search for sources (printed and electronic).
2. Initial reading of available documents.
3. Preparation of the preliminary or tentative outline.
4. Data collection by means of evaluative reading and summary elaboration.
5. Analysis and interpretation of the information collected according to the
preliminary outline of the research.
6. Formulation of the final outline and development of the first version of the text.

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
114
7. Drafting of the introduction and conclusions.
8. Revision and presentation of the final text.
Table 1.
Methods and techniques used in the study.
Type of
analysis
Method or
technique
Support
Variants to apply
External
formal
analysis
Bibliographical
description
It acts on the support and identifies the external
data of a document that distinguishes it from
another, providing an individual identification.
Bibliographic sheets
Worksheets
(summary)
Internal
formal
analysis
Content
analysis
It operates on the thematic content of the
document and achieves a representation of the
information processed.
Indexing through
descriptors (thesauri)
Summary or
Substantial
Description
It refers to the analysis of the contents of
documents. It is the abbreviated representation
of the contents without critical interpretation.
Mixed summary
(informative-
selective)
Conceptual Map
Document
classification
It is the process of analysis by which a
document is identified and sorted by classes,
defined according to the content.
Hierarchical
classification
Elaboration: The authors.
RESULTS
Frameworks, concepts and importance for enterprise architecture
Undoubtedly, enterprise architecture is very useful in uncertain contexts, as it brings
more options for survival, especially the digital era (Aldea & Sarkar, 2022: Ko¸c et al.,
2022; Brée& Karger, 2022). Frameworks have developed in parallel with enterprise
architecture, as a toolkit that is present in most architectural projects and constitutes a
recurring theme in projects of this type. It was Zachman who first published, in IBM
Systems Journal, an article about a framework entitled: "A Framework for Information
Systems Architecture" (Chávez & Villar, 2020; Petrov et al., 2022). It was very clear to
Zachman that enterprise architecture is a holistic project (Zachman, 1987), as it covers
all parts of an enterprise (Afshani et al., 2022).

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
115
After the publication of the first version of "Zachman's Framework", successive research
on the subject focused on understanding architecture frameworks and methodologies,
now numbering in the hundreds. Just as there is a wide variety of enterprise architecture
concepts, there are several definitions of frameworks, which for the purposes of this
research have been grouped into the following categories:
Architecture representation. An enterprise architecture framework is a
multidimensional classification scheme, which functions as a conceptual structure.
These provide transparency in the unfolding of the complex relationships that manifest
between business and architecture artifacts, supporting future scenario planning. By
providing a space for generic problem solving, they foster a deliberately abstract and
unambiguous conception of the domains that make up the organization. A framework is
a useful horizontal component to an architectural practice, capable of aligning different
resources, including technology, across the current and future organization. At its
inception, the purpose of frameworks was focused on formalizing the modeling of
system architecture, but this approach has evolved into a standardized, high-level
structure, which is concerned with shaping semantic representations of the entire
organization.
A logical description. A framework is considered a logical arrangement, which is made
up of a set of artifacts that constitute enterprise-specific descriptions. These may not
only include the architecture descriptions, they may also contain standardized methods
for producing the artifacts. The logical structure is useful for categorizing and organizing
multiple artifacts (Gunadham & Ahmed, 2022), which group a set of concepts, values
and practices for viewing reality. Precisely, these artifacts are classified, organized and
communicated through the framework, which is the one that defines at a conceptual
level the elements or components of the architecture and their relationships.
A standard or model for applying the architecture. A framework can be considered a
model for implementing an architecture, since they act as structured processes and

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
116
provide a set of support tools and specific guidelines. These models propose a variety of
contexts and elements that serve as a basis for developing lines of action or roadmaps.
For a framework is a very useful communication tool for documenting architectures. A
framework is a set of structures that serve for the development, documentation or
modeling of many types of architectures.
An architecture itself. A framework can be used as a tool to develop from an extensive
range of different enterprise architectures, or it can also be considered as an
architecture. A framework is one of the most deliberately abstract and unambiguous
definitions of the elements related to an enterprise, which can define enterprise
architecture terminology.
Positive impact of frameworks
Although the benefits of enterprise architecture and its frameworks are sometimes
difficult to understand (Hindarto & Putra, 2024b), there is clarity on the important role
these frameworks play in describing in detail the logical business functions, along with
their capabilities, processes, roles, human actors, physical structures, data flow,
applications, platforms, hardware, and communications infrastructure. Frameworks use
the necessary data to show the design of the effort, organize data types into consistent
structures and delimit the connection between them (Luwi et al., 2021).
Although each framework has its own structure, processes, strategy and models, their
importance is irrefutable for enterprise architecture development. For many
organizations, both private and public, much of their success in the last 10 years
depends on the effective implementation of these models. Many authors agree that part
of the success of enterprise architecture is due to the emergence of its frameworks,
which has raised expectations about its benefits and increased its popularity (Kotusev,
2021).
Enterprise architecture frameworks are essential for addressing uncertainty and learning
(Hindarto & Putra, 2024a), as they optimize processes and facilitate the creation of

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
117
scalable and secure platforms (Ningsih et al., 2024). Frameworks can describe specific
instances of a reference architecture, developing strict design and implementation rules
that can be used to develop multiple architectures (Oberle et al., 2023).
Through a comprehensive review of existing systems and practices, frameworks can
restructure and align processes according to industry best practices and standards.
They are very useful models for automating routine tasks, reducing manual intervention,
and improving the speed and accuracy of operations by enabling automated data entry,
standardized report generation, and efficient communication channel management
(Hindarto & Putra, 2024a).
Frameworks provide a systematic approach to reorganization projects, which supports
specific types of business analysis. This approach has demonstrated its potential to
solve the growing needs for process integration in companies characterized by
complexity and fragmentation. It has been factually proven that it can be equally useful
for large and small companies, due to its strong ability to describe an organization
holistically. Frameworks have emerged as a kind of control object, capable of providing
the business with an overview of the enterprise and clearly exposing the mutual linkage
of its parts into a single whole (Petrov et al., 2022).
The architectural layers presented by frameworks are excellent tools for increasing
design consistency and organizational structure. The contribution of frameworks is
undeniable, as they contribute to solving the pressure on organizations to survive and
adapt to change (Luwi et al., 2021), in the era of digital transformation. The rules and
methods for managing the enterprise architecture lifecycle used by frameworks are an
important guide for those organizations that want to improve their processes. This is a
sign that their role goes beyond modeling to include business planning and control
management tasks and the explicit mapping of relationships and dependencies between
business services.

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
118
A framework identifies the scope of the architecture and establishes relationships
between architecture areas, reflecting through a geometric model, creating an abstract
set of enterprise views and providing an analytical structure for developing architecture
results (Guo et al., 2022a). Furthermore, frameworks are generators of an analytical
structure, both for architecture and for its design process. This analytical structure
becomes a common basis for professionals who are engaged in the discipline or in
some way are users of the discipline (Guo et al., 2022b), bringing capacity to structure
organizational thinking and hardware and software working together.
Shortcomings and weaknesses of enterprise architecture frameworks
Considering their practical nature, frameworks have been subject to questioning due to
opinions about their individual practices not satisfying all necessary aspects of the
enterprise. Strict adherence to frameworks is recognized as one of the worst enterprise
architecture practices. According to this author, "frameworks have been suggested as
guidelines for enterprise architecture, but our experience indicates that very few
companies follow the steps prescribed by such frameworks." For this reason, many of
the organizations that apply enterprise architecture initiatives face many problems
during implementation projects (Oberle et al., 2023).
Depending on management resources, corporate vision and outcomes, many models
have emerged and they emphasize different domains, artifacts and objectives,
constituting a wide variety of alternative approaches (Afshani et al., 2022). The large
number of existing frameworks has caused these interpretations to vary, considering
frameworks as enterprise architectures themselves, meta models of architectures or
models where architectures are expressed and conceptualized (Chávez & Villar, 2020).
Considering the diversity of frameworks, it is extremely difficult to know which of the
available frameworks could solve the needs of an organization (Chávez, 2023), because
of the wide variety of architecture solutions. Their growth, especially in the last decade,
is evident and their large number infers a potential difficulty for their practical application

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
119
(Guo et al., 2022a). It is sometimes difficult to know before the implementation of a
framework whether it will be able to satisfy all the necessary aspects of the enterprise.
Another problem with frameworks is their high level of mutability, so it is common that
several of these can be generated from one model, an element that is sometimes not
easy to identify in practice (Wedha & Hindarto, 2023). Another aspect to be taken into
account in the practical application of frameworks is the resistance to change and the
uncertainty surrounding their results. Technical issues, such as complex systems
integration and complicated data management, can pose significant impediments during
the implementation of enterprise architecture through their frameworks.
Most existing frameworks do not necessarily define the resulting architecture practice,
so they still have much room for improvement. Many researchers and experts widely
assume that enterprise architecture theory and practice always require the frameworks,
which has sparked debate in academia. The role of frameworks can be significantly
overstated and could even be an administrative fad. On many occasions, actual
architectures practices have no correlation with the frameworks where they have their
foundation. Frameworks, although used most enterprise architecture projects, do not
seem to fully address alignment with information systems. The viability of enterprise
architecture and its frameworks is questionable, especially in large organizations, as
many have dimensions with values that do not have a clear relationship to the business
practice of the practicing company.
Most of the models proposed by frameworks are not reusable and are designed for a
specific purpose. Many enterprise architecture users emphasize the insights that the
artifacts could provide, neglecting to focus on how the artifacts should be used to benefit
organizations. It is difficult to prioritize the desired qualities of an enterprise architecture
model and even more difficult to achieve prioritization in the successful implementation
of any model. Sometimes these are not always comprehensive; they can be leveraged

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
120
to provide at least an initial set of solutions to problems and concerns that need to be
addressed in architecture development.
New trends in thinking about EA frameworks, consider them to have particular theories
underlying their technical approach. Many enterprise architecture models start to deliver
results in the long term, although some managers desire more immediate results.
Finally, other limitations can be mentioned, such as the overestimation of business
benefits and the failure to consider individual company characteristics (Petrov et al.,
2022).
Updating enterprise architecture frameworks
As discussed in previous sections, the great diversity and variety of frameworks at the
international level is a fact that, although it is one of the main problems, has a positive
side according to (Chávez, 2023): there are many options and possibilities to
successfully carry out enterprise architecture projects without having to start from
scratch. Although not always all the frameworks that can be found are not totally
original, that is, they are derivations of others that already exist, it should be recognized
that there is a wide wealth of approaches, views, artifacts, methods and components.
The new list includes 158 frameworks from all regions of the world, both generic and
designed for specific sectors (table 2).
Table 2.
Overview of the list of enterprise architecture frameworks.
Type
Quantity
Percentage
Total frameworks
158
100.00%
Generic ones
52
32.91%
Specific sectors
106
67.09%
Elaboration: The authors.

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
121
As shown in table 2, frameworks developed for specific industry sectors outnumber
generic frameworks by 34.18%, although the proportion of the latter cannot be
considered negligible. With more than 30% of the frameworks being generic, enterprise
architects or other users of architectural projects have a vast universe in which to
choose the solution that best suits their needs. As for the specific sectors, a wide variety
of these can be found as shown in Figure 1. Although the number of areas represented
in the table above is varied, there is a concentration in several sectors that have been
much more favored by the development of frameworks. The Figure 1 presents the
concentration of models according to the sectors.
Figure 1. Proportion of frameworks by sector of activity.
Elaboration: The authors.
According to Figure 1, enterprise architecture framework initiatives for the public sector
abound internationally (between them they constitute 44% of sector-specific
frameworks). The majority of sector-specific frameworks are developed for the IT
domain (42%). Among these, the frameworks developed for defense and government
management stand out. According to the figure, government frameworks constitute the
largest proportion (33%), this sector being one of the first to develop frameworks since
the birth of enterprise architecture as a discipline. The public sector has been at the

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
122
forefront of the development and application of enterprise architecture frameworks, as
one of the most important models has been developed for this sector. This occurs
because public organizations have had leadership, at least, in the major economic
powers worldwide, in automating their processes and services to society. The Figure 2
illustrates the countries of origin of the frameworks.
Figure 2. Proportion of frameworks by country of origin.
Elaboration: The authors.
As shown in the figure 2, the United States of America is the nation that has achieved
the greatest development not only in the development of frameworks, but also in
enterprise architecture. Almost 50% of the frameworks listed have been developed in
that nation and many of these frameworks are very relevant at the international level.
Twenty-four percent of the frameworks developed in the U.S. are generic, although it is
not in this area that they have achieved the greatest notoriety, but in the development of
frameworks for government management. A number of 21 frameworks (26%) have been
developed for government management at different levels and 10 frameworks (12.82%)
have been developed for defense management.

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
123
CONCLUSIONS
As with the concept of enterprise architecture, the definition of frameworks is generally
ambiguous, although through the four dimensions identified in the research, the most
widespread conceptual perspectives in the literature consulted were obtained.
Regarding frameworks as a representation of an architecture, they are defined as the
standardization of the physical form of an enterprise architecture, through which it is
possible to present, apply and improve it. In contrast, for an important group of authors,
frameworks are a standard or model for applying the architecture, containing not only a
representation, but a group of tools, techniques, models and procedures that are useful
for the practical implementation of the architecture.
Taking into account the two approaches of the frameworks agreement in the evolution,
development and implementation of enterprise architecture as a discipline, it is clear that
although there are limitations to consider, they are highly beneficial. They have not only
accompanied enterprise architecture since its inception as a discipline, but have also
contributed to the practical application of the theoretical body. Enterprise architecture
would never have reached the place it is today without the contributions of frameworks.
Other strong points are also relevant, such as its ability to facilitate organizational
learning, its ability to facilitate change processes, its usefulness in representing the best
practices of many industries and sectors, its ability to provide a comprehensive vision,
among other utilities.
FINANCING
This research is funded by the Cuban Telecommunications Company S.A.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To all the social actors involved in the development of the research.

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
124
REFERENCES CONSULTED
Afshani, J., Karimi, A., OsatiEraghi, N., & Zarafshan, F. (2022). A Fuzzy DEMATEL-
ANP-Based Approach to Prioritize Activities in Enterprise Architecture. Hindawi
Complexity, 22(1), 1-12. https://n9.cl/e2kfl
Aldea, A., & Sarkar, A. (2022). A Measurement Instrument for Enterprise Architecture
Resilience Research: A Pilot Study on Digital Transformation.Proceedings of the
55th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2022,
Maui, United States. (pp. 7182-7191). https://n9.cl/xqkz30
Apriyandi, D. (2024). A Smart Tourism Platform Reference Architecture for Developing
Countries. [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Twente, Netherlands.
https://n9.cl/e4mgee
Ari Nugrahanto, A., & Utami Tjhin, V. (2022). Alignment of Business Strategy and
Information Technology in Special Economic Zone using Enterprise Architecture.
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(2),
14795-14802. https://n9.cl/h2g6f
Bokolo, A., & Sobah Abbas, P. (2022). Validation of a Developed Enterprise Architecture
Framework for Digitalization of Smart Cities: A Mixed‑Mode Approach. Journal of
the Knowledge Economy, 14, 1702-1733. https://n9.cl/nx3apl
Brée, T., & Karger, E. (2022). Challenges in enterprise architecture management:
Overview and future research. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 11(2), 355-
367. https://n9.cl/ae1ew
Chávez Rodríguez, M. M. (2021). Are the benefits of enterprise architecture real? An
analysis of organizational capabilities. Revista Academia y Negocios, 2(7), 155-
174. https://n9.cl/x68z81
Chávez Rodríguez, M. M. (2023). Methodology for the evaluation and comparison of
enterprise architecture frameworks. Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Second
period, 2, 165-203. https://n9.cl/p5mag
Chávez Rodríguez, M. M., & Villar Ledo, L. (2020). Updating the universe of enterprise
architecture frameworks. Identification, characterization and evaluation. Dirección y
Organización, 72, 5-33. https://n9.cl/1229xq

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
125
Ettahiri, I., &Doumi, K. (2022). Dynamic Enterprise Architecture planning using case-
based. Procedia Computer Science, 204, 714-721. https://n9.cl/l92za
Fernández Cejas, M., PérezGonzález, C. J., Roda García, J. L., & Colebrook, M. (2022).
CURIE: Towards an Ontology and Enterprise Architecture of a CRM Conceptual
Model. Business Information Systems, 64, 615-643. https://n9.cl/caj6v
Gunadham, T., & Ahmed Mohammed, E. M. (2022). Solving Challenges in an Electronic
Banking Services Company by Implementing Enterprise Architecture Frameworks.
Journal of Information and Knowledge Management (JIKM), 12(22), 252-261.
https://n9.cl/9fvnc
Guo, H., Li, J., Gao, S., & Smite, D. (2022a). A Method for Enterprise Architecture Model
Slicing. Applied Science, 12(19), 9604. https://n9.cl/edk23g
Guo, H., Li, J., Gao, S., & Smite, D. (2022b). Agile Enterprise Architecture by
Leveraging Use Cases. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on
Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering (ENASE 2021). Prague,
Czech Republic. (pp. 501-509). https://n9.cl/rg1bf
Hindarto, D., Hendrata, F., Wahyuddin, M. I., & Wijanarko, S. (2024). Enterprise
Architecture Design and Implementation for IoT Integration in Manufacturing
Electrical Panels. Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and High
Performance Computing, 6(1), 77-90. https://n9.cl/t6qe7
Hindarto, D., & Indrajit, R. E. (2023). Digital Transformation in University: Enterprise
Architecture and Blockchain Technology. Sinkron: Jurnal dan Penelitian Teknik
Informatika, 7(4), 2501-2512. https://n9.cl/jq72v
Hindarto, D., & Putra, T. D. (2024a). Building Digital Platform for Property Marketing
Sales with an Enterprise Architecture Approach. Journal of Computer Networks,
Architecture and High Performance Computing, 6(1), 67-76. https://n9.cl/k1zwz
Hindarto, D., & Putra, T. D. (2024b). Enhancing Business: Incorporating Enterprise
Architecture into Project Management in the Food Manufacturing Industry. Journal
of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing, 6(1), 149-
158. https://n9.cl/m6t2d

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
126
Judijanto, L., Hindarto, D., &Wahjono, S. I. (2023). Edge of Enterprise Architecture in
Addressing Cyber Security Threats and Business Risks. International Journal
Software Engineering and Computer Science (IJSECS), 3(3), 386-396.
https://n9.cl/y4b44f
Kawtar, I., Karim, D., & Salah, B. (2022). Algorithms to analyze the impact of change on
Enterprise Architecture. Procedia Computer Science, 196, 356-363.
https://n9.cl/lr856
Ko¸c, H., Weisweber, W., & L¨uttke, M. (2022). Designing Enterprise Architecture
Management Services. A Transformation Journey in the Public Sector. EPiC
Series in Computing, 84, 207-218. https://n9.cl/fdluq
Kotusev, S. (2021). A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise Architecture Frameworks.
British Computer Society (BCS). https://n9.cl/ws5izc
Ningsih, S., Wedha, B. Y., & Sholihati, I. D. (2024). Online Tutoring’s Technological
Foundation and Future Prospects: Enterprise Architecture Development. Journal of
Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing, 6(1), 292-
301. https://n9.cl/ieeq6
Oberle, M., Yesilyurt, O., Schlereth, A., Risling, M., & Schel, D. (2023). Enterprise IT
Architecture Greenfield Design Combining IEC 62264 and TOGAF by Example of
Battery Manufacturing. Procedia Computer Science, 217, 136-146.
https://n9.cl/vvmu4
Petrov, I., Malysheva, N., Lukmanova, I., & Panfilova, E. (2022). Transport enterprise
architecture and features of its personnel management. Transportation Research
Procedia, 63, 1462-1472. https://n9.cl/evrw1
Schoonderbeek, J.A.H.,& Proper, H.A. (2024) Toward an ontology for EA modeling and
EA model quality. Softw Syst Model, 23, 535–558. https://n9.cl/6eor8
Schubert, V., Kuehner, S., Krauss, T., Trat, M., & Bender, J. (2023). Towards a B2B
integration framework for smart services in Industry 4.0. Procedia Computer
Science, 217, 1649-1659. https://n9.cl/lv13fj
Telnov, Y., Kazakov, V., Danilov, A., & Fiodorov, I. (2024). Network enterprise
architecture based on multiagent technology. Journal of Management & Technogy,
24(2), 66-95. https://n9.cl/y1kps

INGENIUM ET POTENTIA
Revista Electrónica Multidisciplinaria de Ciencias Básicas, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Año VI. Vol VI. N°11. Julio – Diciembre. 2024
Hecho el depósito de Ley: FA2019000052
FUNDACIÓN KOINONIA (F.K).
Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela.
Maykel Manuel Chávez-Rodríguez; Ebir González-Cruz; Lilibet Bande-González; Nayi Sánchez-Fleitas
127
Wedha, B. Y., & Hindarto, D. (2023). Maximizing ERP benefits with enterprise
architecture: A Holistic Approach. Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and
High Performance Computing, 5(2), 703-713. https://n9.cl/jth47
Zachman, J. A. (1987). A framework for information systems architecture. IBM Systems
Journal, 26(3), 454-470. https://n9.cl/xd5gi
©2024 by the authors. This article is open access and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).