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Potential Changes in the Suitable Distribution Areas of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in Kastamonu Due to Global Climate Change
... However, the living group most affected by climatic changes is plants, which have a limited migration mechanism [4]. It is often emphasized that the natural migration mechanism of plants cannot keep up with the speed of global climate change and therefore individual, population and species losses are inevitable [5]. It is stated that forest ecosystems will be the most affected by the global climate change process. ...
... Therefore, it is of great importance to determine the possible effects of global climate change especially on forests and to take the necessary measures, to provide the migration mechanism needed by plants by human hands, and to prevent species and population losses [6]. Due to the importance of the issue, many studies have been conducted on the change of suitable distribution areas of forest trees [1,[4][5][6][7]. ...
... In this study, SSP 126, SSP 370 and SSP 585 scenarios were used. These scenarios and the method used in the study are among the methods and scenarios frequently used in similar studies [5,10]. ...
In this study, it was aimed to determine the current status of red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) distribution areas in Kastamonu Forestry Regional Directorate, which is the Forestry Regional Directorate with the highest production in Türkiye, and the possible changes in suitable distribution areas due to global climate change. In the study, in addition to the current suitable distribution areas of red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.), suitable distribution areas in 2040, 2070 and 2100 according to SSP 126, SSP 370 and SSP 585 scenarios were determined. The results of the study show that there may be a loss of more than 15% (approximately 114,5 km2) in the suitable distribution areas of red pine populations in Kastamonu until 2100 due to the effects of climate change. It does not seem possible for the species to adapt to these changes without human intervention. Therefore, it is recommended that necessary adjustments should be made in forest management plans taking into account the results of the study.
... However, the stress factors to which plants are most exposed are climatic stress factors. Because plant development depends on the interaction between genetic structure [80][81][82][83][84][85] and environmental conditions [86][87][88][89][90]. Therefore, factors that cause significant and permanent changes in climatic parameters such as global climate change trigger stress mechanisms of plants [91,92]. ...
Heavy metal pollution is a serious threat to living organisms and ecosystems worldwide. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify suitable biomonitors that can be used to monitor the changes in heavy metal pollution and hyperaccumulator species that can be used to reduce pollution. In this study, the usability of Cedrus atlantica in monitoring the change in the concentration of germanium (Ge) in air and reducing pollution was evaluated. In addition, Ge pollution in the last 60 years in Düzce province, where air pollution is at a very high level, was evaluated and the source of pollution was tried to be determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the species is a suitable species that can be used both to monitor the change of Ge pollution in the air and to reduce this pollution. It was determined that Ge pollution increased significantly in the study area after 2013. The results of the study reveal that this pollution is mostly caused by traffic and urban areas.
... Throughout the world, urbanization [1][2][3][4] and global climate change [5][6][7][8][9] have become irreversible global problems due to the direct or indirect effects of industrial activities developed in the last century. Another global problem that has emerged in relation to these problems and is also largely caused by industrial and human activities is environmental pollution [10][11][12][13]. ...
Air pollution has become one of the most critical threats to human health in the last century. Heavy metals are among the components of air pollution that threaten human health the most. Boron is one of the heavy metals whose use has been increasing in recent years due to its use in more than 250 fields in industry. Due to intensive use, boron concentrations in receiving environments are constantly increasing. However, boron, one of the important heavy metals, can cause significant health problems when inhaled from the air and taken into the human body. Therefore, monitoring the changes in boron concentration in the air is very important. In this study, species, organ, and directional changes of boron concentration in Tilia tomentosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Cedrus atlantica, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Fraxinus excelsior species growing in Düzce, one of the five most polluted cities in Europe. The study results show that boron concentrations are generally higher in the outer bark. Regarding species, the lowest values were obtained in P. menziesii, and the highest were obtained in R. pseudoacacia. The highest B concentrations in wood were obtained in R. pseudoacacia, and it is thought that this species can be used effectively to reduce B pollution.
... Studies indicate that global climate change may have devastating effects on plants and especially forests . It is estimated that Türkiye will be one of the countries where these effects will be seen the most and will affect the distribution areas of some species in Türkiye much more (Ertürk et al., 2024;Isinkaralar et al., 2024). For example, it is stated that by 2100, Pinus nigra distribution areas may be lost by 19.73 to 48.92% (Canturk et al., 2024) and Castanea sativa suitable distribution areas may disappear completely (Cobanoglu et al., 2023). ...
Climate change is a situation that causes an increase in global temperature due to the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the effect of natural processes. This temperature increase causes many environmental effects around the world. Two of these effects are ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, a harmful type of electromagnetic light from the sun, and severe water shortages called droughts. In this study, we tried to determine how the wood structure (properties of libriform fibers and various mechanical properties) and plant photosynthesis parameters of Acer negundo and Acer pseudoplatanus species changes under two droughts (moderate and severe) and UV-B (low [8 kJ m⁻² h⁻¹] and high [12 kJ m⁻² h⁻¹]) stresses. Also, leaf gas exchange parameters (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency) were evaluated under these stressors. As a result, it was observed that fiber wall thickness decreased in seedlings exposed to both drought and UV-B radiation in both species. It was determined that plant gas exchange parameters decreased with drought stress but did not vary much with UV-B stress; the amount of plant transpiration decreased with the effect of drought and increased with the amount of UV-B radiation. The plant may have reduced transpiration to reduce the effect of drought stress and increased transpiration to use UV-B radiation for plant growth.
... As it is known, the phenotypic characters of all living things are shaped under the mutual interaction of genetic structure [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and environmental factors [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. Therefore, all factors affecting plant physiology also affect the entry and accumulation of heavy metals into the plant, which is shaped under the mutual interaction of many factors affecting each other, such as edaphic [64], climatic factors [65][66][67][68][69][70], and stress factors [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78], in addition to genetic structure. Therefore, many of these factors, directly and indirectly, affect plants' heavy metal accumulation potential, and information about this complex mechanism is still limited [35,41]. ...
Palladium (Pd), whose use has been increasing in recent years, is one of the heavy metals that pose a danger to the environment and human health, and it is known that heavy metals can be extremely harmful when inhaled from the air and taken into the human body. Therefore, monitoring and reducing the change of Pd pollution in the air is very important. This study aimed to determine the usability of Robinia pseudoacacia, which is grown intensively in urban areas where heavy metal pollution may be high, to monitor and reduce the change in Pd pollution in the air. Within the scope of the study, changes in Pd concentration in Robinia pseudoacacia stem sections grown in Düzce, among the 5 most polluted cities in Europe, depending on organ, direction, and age range in the last 60 years, were evaluated. As a result, it was determined that Pd pollution in the region may have been released into nature through agricultural activities or transported from much more distant sources. It was also determined that the species is not a suitable biomonitor that can be used to monitor the change in Pd pollution. Still, it is an accumulator species that is extremely suitable for reducing Pd pollution.
... For example, plant physiology is shaped under the influence of genetic structure [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] and environmental conditions [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Therefore, all factors affecting plant physiology also affect the entry and accumulation of heavy metals into the plant, and plant physiology is shaped by the interaction of many factors affecting each other, such as edaphic [59], climatic factors [60][61][62][63][64] and stress factors [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75], as well as genetic structure [61]. ...
This study aimed to determine the most suitable woody species that can be used to reduce niobium (Nb) pollution, which can be harmful and toxic to human and environmental health. Within the scope of the study, samples were taken from the wood part of 16 trees growing under similar growing conditions in Düzce province, one of the 5 most polluted cities in Europe according to the 2021 World Air Pollution Report, and Nb concentrations were determined. As a result, Nb concentration was below the detectable limits in the woods of Pseudotsuga menziesii, Fraxinus excelsior, and Tilia tomentosa. Apart from this, the lowest values were obtained in the woods of Picea orientalis, Pinus pinaster, and Cupressus sempervirens, and the highest values were obtained in the woods of Robinia pseudoacacia and Cedrus atlantica. It was calculated that there was an approximately 522-fold difference between the lowest determined Nb concentration (P. orientalis with 105.5 ppb) and the highest Nb concentration (R. pseudoacacia with 55117.2 ppb). In conclusion, suitable species that can be used to reduce Nb pollution in the air are R. pseudoacacia and C. atlantica.
... Because plant development depends on the interaction of genetic structure [48][49][50][51] and environmental conditions [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. Therefore, factors that cause significant and permanent changes in climatic parameters, such as global climate change, trigger the stress mechanisms of plants [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. In addition, increasing UV-B stress due to climate change [72], anthropogenic radiation [73], and heavy metal pollution [71,75] are also important stressors for plants. ...
Heavy metal pollution has become a global problem threatening the health of humans and other living things. It is crucial to monitor the changes in air concentrations and reduce pollution, mainly due to the potential harm of heavy metals taken into the body by inhalation. For these purposes, plants have begun to be used extensively as biomonitors or accumulators. However, since each heavy metal accumulates in different plants at different levels, the appropriate biomonitor or accumulator species for each heavy metal must be determined separately. This study aimed to assess the usability of Cedrus atlantica, grown in Düzce, where heavy metal pollution is at high levels, for monitoring and reducing the change in palladium (Pd) pollution in the air. Within the scope of the study, changes in Pd concentration in Cedrus atlantica stem sections grown in Düzce, which is among the five most polluted cities in Europe, depending on organ, direction, and age range in the last 60 years, were evaluated. As a result, it was determined that Pd pollution in the region has increased significantly in recent years, and traffic density is thought to be effective in this increase. It was also determined that Cedrus atlantica is a highly suitable species for monitoring the changes in Pd pollution and reducing pollution.
Küresel iklim değişikliği, dünya genelinde özellikle sıcaklık artışı ve yağışlardaki azalmayla birlikte iklimlerde kuraklaşmaya sebep olacak, dünyadaki bütün canlıları ve ekosistemleri etkileyecek, geri dönüşü olmayan en önemli küresel sorun olarak gösterilmektedir. Su kaynakları üzerinde büyük baskı oluşturan ve durdurulması mümkün görülmeyen bu sürecin olası etkilerinin belirlenebilmesi için öncelikle iklim tiplerindeki değişimin tahmin edilmesi ve sürecin gelişimine göre sektörel bazda önlemler alınması önerilmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada Muş ili genelinde günümüzdeki sıcaklık, yağış ve iklim tiplerinin (De Martone ve Emberger iklim sınıflandırmasına göre) durumu belirlenmiş, SSPs 245 ve SSPs585 senaryolarına göre 2060 ve 2100 yıllarına kadar olan süreçte bu parametrelerin nasıl değişeceği belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Muş il genelinde büyük oranda sıcaklık artışı olacağı, iklim tiplerinin kurak iklim tiplerine doğru kayacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu değişimin etkilerinin büyük oranda bitkiler üzerinde görüleceği, tarım, orman ve mera alanlarındaki etkilerin, ekonomisi büyük oranda tarım ve hayvancılığa bağlı ilde yıkıcı sonuçları olacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
Bu çalışma ile iç mekân bitkisi olarak kullanılabilen bazı bitki türlerinin, fotosentez hızı ve karbon tutma kapasitelerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Farklı ışık koşullarında, bitkilerin fotosentez hızının ve tür bazında da toplam Karbon (C) depolama kapasitesinin ne düzeyde değiştiği belirlenmiş ve böylece sınırlı mekanlar olan iç ortamlarda hangi bitkilerin hava kalitesini artırmak amacıyla kullanımının daha uygun olduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, Ficus elastica ‘tineke’ (alacalı kauçuk) ve Monstera deliciosa (devetabanı)’da sabah ve öğlen yapılan ölçümler arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılık bulunmadığını ve bu türlerin difüz ışıkta dahi direk ışık koşullarındaki kadar fotosentez yapabildiğini göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla gölge koşullarındaki iç mekanlarda alacalı kauçuk ve devetabanı türlerinin kullanılması tavsiye edilmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek ortalama değerler Ficus elastica (kauçuk) ve Ficus benjamina (Benjamin) türlerinde elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuç iç mekanlarda hava kalitesini artırmak amacıyla kullanımı en uygun türlerin bu türler olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca türlerin boyutları ve yaprak yüzey alanları düşünüldüğünde de bu türlerin iç ortam hava kalitesine en fazla pozitif etkiyi yapan türler olduğu söylenebilir.
The most important and harmful components of air pollution that affect the health and cause the death of millions of people every year around the world are heavy metals. Due to their potential harm, monitoring the change in the concentration of heavy metals in the air and reducing pollution are essential. This study aimed to determine the usability of Cedrus atlantica grown in Düzce, where heavy metal pollution is reported to be high, for monitoring and reducing the change in lithium pollution in the air. For this purpose, the change in Li concentration in Cedrus atlantica annuals grown in Düzce was evaluated in the 60-year period. As a result of the study, it was determined that Li pollution in the region has increased significantly in the last decade. The highest values were generally obtained in the north direction, and this result was interpreted as Li concentration originating from the highway in this direction, i.e., traffic. As a result of the study, Cedrus atlantica is a very suitable species for monitoring and reducing the change in Li pollution.
Bu çalışmada, doğal yayılış alanında yetişen bazı odunsu bitkilerdeki stomatal karakterlerin tür ve fitocografik bölgeye bağlı değişiminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye’de Akdeniz Fitocoğrafik Bölgesi, Avrupa-Sibirya Fitocoğrafik Bölgesi ve İran-Turan Fitocoğrafik Bölgesinde yayılış gösteren Acer negondo L., Berberis thunbergii DC., Populus alba L. ve Rhus coriaria L. türlerinden yaprak numuneleri alınmıştır. Yapraklardan elektron mikroskopu yardımıyla alınan görüntüler üzerinde ImageJ programı yardımıyla ölçümler yapılarak stoma eni, stoma boyu, stomapor eni ve stomapor boyu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları çalışmaya konu karakterlerin tür ve fitocoğrafik bölgeye bağlı olarak belirgin bir değişiminin olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuç türlerin genetik varyasyonunun geniş olması veya mikro çevre koşullarının baskın olması ile açıklanabilmektedir.
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