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European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science
ISSN: 2501 - 1235
ISSN-L: 2501 - 1235
Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu
Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. 93
DOI: 10.46827/ejpe.v11i3.5497
Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON
MUSCULAR ABILITY AND SOME FUNCTIONAL
INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra
i
,
Muthana Layth Hatem
Asst. Prof. Dr.,
College of Physical Education and Sports Science,
University of Misan,
Iraq
Abstract:
The research study aimed to find out the effect of circular training style on muscle
strength and some functional indicators of the kidneys in fencing players. The researchers
used the experimental method and identified their research community, namely the
players of Maysan governorate teams in fencing and for the three weapons (fencing
sword, shish weapon, Arab sword weapon), and by (4) players for each weapon, which
amounted to (12) players, and some procedures were adopted to achieve the objectives
of the study. The study came to conclusions about the positive impact of the circular
training method on the development of the muscular ability of the arm to carry the
weapon and the legs. The study showed that measuring the functional indicators of the
kidneys is within normal limits. The training method used has achieved positive results
in adapting the functional indicators of the kidneys in the research variables.
Keywords: circuit training, power muscle, kidney physiological indices
1. Introduction and importance of the research
The philosophy of studies on the science of modern sports training was not reduced to
presenting it as an intensity, repetition and comfort, but rather expanded to the
multiplicity and diversity of means and methods and integrated with training doses in
order to return meaningful benefits, by identifying the effects of external load in the
various body systems and providing the most accurate information that contributes to
the required changes in order to achieve the best achievement.
Due to the importance of diversity in training methods and means and their
application in the doses of training curricula, so the method of circular training is one of
i
Correspondence: email mustafafencing@uomisan.edu.iq
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 94
the effective methods of implementing training doses for the purpose of achieving the
desired goals that were set for functional adaptation, and according to these functional
changes results in an improvement in the level of physical performance.
Training doses occur various functional changes resulting from increasing the
efficiency of vital organs and systems of the body in the face of the requirements of the
training load for the type of specialized sports activity, and the physiological studies of
sports training did not leave any research phenomenon that has been fought in it, but it
needs to conduct more research and provide the most accurate information, including
the functional responses to the kidneys associated with the physical effort carried out
during the training stations, Which we deem worthy of attention to study them as an
important aspect of the body, which plays a prominent and vital role in the homogeneous
stability of the internal environment, to ward off the risk of metabolic waste products that
cause serious damage to the cells of the body's systems, and in order to maintain this, it
has become important to provide the most accurate information that contributes to
making the required changes in order to achieve the optimal achievement of fencing
players.
The importance of the research lies in providing a training vision using the circular
training method as it is suitable for the development of the muscular ability of the arms
and legs, which reflects positively on the level of skill performance, as well as knowing
its internal effects on some functional indicators of the kidneys, hoping that this research
will contribute scientifically to solving field problems for fencing players.
2. Research problem
Believing that raising the efficiency of fencers and understanding the correct relationship
between pregnancy, comfort and peculiarities of training cannot be done without
identifying the internal load and the changes that occur in the functional body systems
as a result of the use of exercises, which therefore aim to ration the functional external
loads used, and given the lack of information available to our knowledge or lack of
modernity, which serves in its outcome to raise the level of achievement, so we decided
to delve into this phenomenon as a fertile field for study and research By answering the
following question:
• What is the level of changes that can occur in some functional indicators of the
kidneys due to the influence of the circular training method, and whether this
training vision contributes to the development of the muscular ability of fencers?
2.1 Research objective
• Knowing the effect of the circular training method on muscle strength and some
functional indicators of the kidneys of fencing players.
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 95
2.2 Imposition of the research
• The circular training method affects the muscular strength and some functional
indicators of the kidneys of fencing players.
3. Research methodology and field procedures
3.1 Research methodology
The researchers used the experimental method with one group to achieve the research
objective.
3.2 Research community
The researchers identified the research community, which are the players of Maysan
governorate teams in fencing and for the three weapons (fencing sword, shish weapon,
Arab sword weapon), the category of applicants over the age of (20 years) and registered
with the lists of the Fencing Sub-Federation for the season 2021-2022, and by (4) players
for each weapon, out of which their number reached (12) players and their percentage
was (100%), as clinical examinations were conducted by a specialized medical staff at Al-
Zahrawi General Hospital in the governorate to ensure their safety and freedom from
diseases that may effect on the results of the research, homogeneity has been done in
(height, body mass, chronological age, training age) as well as the equivalence of the
study variables in muscular ability and some functional indicators of the kidneys
(creatinine, urea), and it was found that there is clear homogeneity and equivalence in
those variables for members of the research community.
3.3 Functional tests and measurements used in research
3.3.1 Muscle ability test for extending and bending the arm-bearing arm (10s): (Mustafa
Chasib, 2016)
How to perform:
The player stands in the ready position (oncard) in front of the marker where the
player is given an attempt to adjust the appropriate distance to perform the movement
of extending and bending the arm carrying the foil weapon on the marker after the first
examiner places his palm on the player's torso to confirm that the armed arm is back to
him. The second examiner gives the player the start signals to perform the test and at the
same time presses the start button of the electronic watch for timing purposes, where the
player extends the armed arm towards the marker to achieve a touch with the weapon's
fly, then bends the arm to the ready position (oncard) within a time of (10 seconds). After
the specified time has been exhausted, the examiner gives the signal to stop performing.
Performance conditions: The player must do the following:
• Extend the armed arm to achieve a touch on the marker with the weapon's fly,
provided that the arm is at shoulder level parallel to the ground. The attempt is
not counted in the event of not touching the marker.
• After performing each extension of the armed arm on the bar, the arm is then bent
to the ready position so that the elbow of the armed arm touches the palm of the
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 96
first tester placed on the player’s torso. The attempt is not considered successful if
the elbow does not touch the palm. Recording: The number of times the armed
arm is performed (extended and bent) within a time of (10 seconds) is counted.
3.3.2 Performance test (physical - skill) for the lower limbs (14 m): (Mustafa Chasib,
2020)
A. Performance method
The player stands in the ready position (oncard) on the starting line that is (5 cm) wide
so that the phalanges of the front foot touch the outer edge of the line, and from the above
position the start signal is given by the tester and at the same time the start button of the
electronic watch is pressed to calculate the time taken to complete the specified distance,
where the player performs the movement by swinging the front leg forward and
extending the knee joint accompanied by pushing the ground with the back leg to help
jump to the farthest possible horizontal distance, then descending with both feet together
and on the insteps.
B. Performance conditions
The player must do the following:
• The player stands in the ready position (oncard) on the starting line that is (5 cm)
wide.
• The player must perform the advance movement by jumping and if the player fails
to perform, the attempt is considered a failure.
• After covering a distance of (14 m), the player must remain in the ready position
(oncard) to calculate the time.
3.3.3 Measurement of functional examinations: (Majid Shandi Wali, 1994)
In order to conduct laboratory tests of the biological process variables of the study,
samples were taken from the adrenaline of individuals society Search At break time By
the staff of medical Specialized in the laboratory of Al-Zahrawi General Hospital in
Maysan Governorate by means of medical tubes for the examination of diuresis used
once, so that laboratory can examine some functional indicators of the kidneys
(creatinine, urea).
3.4 Pre-tests
The researchers tested the muscular ability of the arm-bearing arm and legs on
individuals’ society research in the fencing hall of the Faculty of Physical Education and
Sports Sciences / Maysan University at ten in the morning on Thursday, 3/3/2022.
3.5 Main experience
After obtaining all the original approvals from the Fencing Sub-Federation and the
members of the research community learned about the importance of the study and the
extent of benefit from it, they expressed their agreement to cooperate with the researchers
and implement their research procedures, and after completing all preliminary
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 97
procedures, starting with the results of the clinical examination and laboratory analysis,
which resulted in the safety of the community and their enjoyment of full health, the
researchers began to conduct their research, starting from the players' commitment to
health prevention measures in light of the Corona pandemic, according to the directives
of the Supreme Committee for Health and Safety Al-Wataniya, at exactly ten o'clock in
the morning on Sunday, 6/3/2022, in which the players were subjected to doses of the
loads of the circular training method in the interval training method in the special
preparation stage, as the researchers prepared the station exercises and continued to be
applied within the coach's curriculum for a period of (10) weeks and by (30) training
units. Where the first training unit was implemented on Sunday, 6/3/2022. The last
training unit was on Thursday, 8/5/2022, at a rate of (3) training units per week on
(Saturday, Monday, Wednesday), and the partial stress of the special exercises was
calculated by the maximum repetition of each exercise × the required intensity / 100.
3.6 Post-tests
The post-tests of the research sample for the aforementioned variables were conducted
on Tuesday, 10/5/2022.
3.7 Statistical methods
The researchers used the statistical bag (SPSS) version (23).
4. Presentation and discussion of results
4.1 Presentation of results
Table 1: The arithmetic means, standard deviations, calculated (T) value,
level of significance, significance of differences in the muscular ability test
and some total functional indicators (pre-post) for the research community
Statistical
Treatments
Unit of
measurement
Going
to
±
Calculated
value (T)
Sig
Significant
differences
Muscle Ability Test of the Arm-Bearing Arm
Southern
Number/Time
15.83
0.75
11.06
0.000
D
0.01
Go away
18.16
0.98
Muscle ability test for legs
Southern
Time
5.58
0.85
4.09
0.009
D
0.01
Go away
4.05
0.90
Creatinine measurement in the administration
Southern
. Mol/L
72.6
2.73
17.25
0.000
D
0.01
Go away
85
3.46
Measurement of urea in the administration
Southern
M. Mol/L
4.51
1.02
7.66
0.001
D
0.01
Go away
6.50
1.04
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 98
4.2 Discussion of the results
4.2.1 Discussion of muscular ability test results for the arm, the carrier of the weapon
and the legs
The researchers attribute the improvement in muscular ability In the working and
opposite muscles of the upper and lower limbs and positively to circular training style
and nature rhythm of muscular work in compound exercises for the physical side of the
skill, where it gives the possibility of affecting different muscle groups for the training
stations, as they resembled and resembled the performance of basic skills in the sport of
fencing, and that the performance of the stations Counting an effective and effective way
to increase the intensity of the exercises, which formed continuous resistances on the
work of those muscles of the fencer and with the increase in the speed of their movement,
the resistance to the range of motion increases to them during implementation, therefore,
the training method used is characterized by the nature of suspense and excitement to
avoid boredom and routine exercise in the overall training process to motivate fencers by
changing stimuli and putting them in front of constantly renewed challenges without
causing muscle strains, which resulted in the development of the efficiency of the muscle
functionally to improve its strength and speed and give it the muscular ability of the arm
carrying the weapon and the legs.
This explanation is consistent with all previous studies: "When adopting high-
intensity circular training, the effect is clear in the development of some qualities, including
muscular ability." (Souhail Hermassi, 2020) and "The effectiveness of circuit training has been
proven to reflect special positive changes in fitness and functional adaptation." (Bellar D, 2015)
& (Butcher SJ, 2015) and "The process of mixing the physical and skill aspects contributes to the
development of special physical abilities that are trained according to the motor paths of the
required performance. By using different types of resistors to train this muscle". (Mustafa Chasib,
2019)
4.2.2 Discussion of creatinine results in diuresis
The researchers attribute these indications to the stations of the circular training method
and the nature of the formation of the port load, which increases the contraction of
repetitive muscle cells and, in turn, raises metabolic rates, leaving waste toxins and
creatinine residues, which is posed with the production of glomerular filtration, which
works to get rid of it after rising in the blood, and this reflects the adaptation of the
function of the kidneys their vital role regulatory to maintain the necessary cell stability
and carry out their various vital activities. This explanation is consistent with all previous
studies, which confirmed that "creatinine is a chemical compound formed in the metabolism
resulting from the breakdown of creatine and is filtered through the kidneys, and it was noted that
there is an increase in creatinine residues in the urine due to the increasing intensity of physical
activity." (Bekos C., 2016) and "creatinine levels increase with the training dose load phase and
rise in the urine and decrease in the blood as a result of functional adaptations in the kidneys."
(Matthew Hall, 2013) and that "the amount of glomerular filtration of creatinine residues
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 99
depends on the intensity and type of exercise and increases significantly in the urine." (Arakawa
K., 2016) & (Zbigniew, 2016)
The researchers also believe that physical effort leads to changes in blood
circulation, as the rate of filtration of the renal glomerulus doubles its work despite the
amount of blood received by the kidneys compared to the number of muscles in the
implementation of physical effort, but the glomerular filtration process works in the
excretion of larger amounts of metabolic waste and other substances. The explanation
was consistent with all studies that indicated that "during reduced renal blood flow, the
glomerular filtration rate increases when physical exertion reaches high intensity." (Katarzyna,
2019) and "high-intensity exercise affects protein excretion in the urine by increasing glomeruli
permeability and decreasing blood return". (Lamoon S., 2009)
4.2.3 Discussion of the results of urea in diuresis
The researchers explain that the high concentration of urea in diuresis is caused by the
metabolism of proteins as a result of the circular training method and the nature of the
formation of physical load, and this in turn leads to an increase in amino acid metabolism
and thus rises metabolic waste to produce urea concentrations, which are the most
important residues in the blood, which constitute a burden on the various organs and
systems of the body and therefore limit the efficiency of the work of the muscular system
during training and in this case reflects the response and adaptation of the work of the
kidneys and the function of filtering the blood and getting rid of its toxins in a way
Regular and excreted through the urine to maintain the balance of the body to promote a
better level of performance and delay the onset of fatigue. This explanation is consistent
with all previous studies respectively (Masato Suzuki, 2015) & (Guido Bellinghieri, 2008)
& (Jacques R, 1994) "The kidneys play an important role in keeping the body's homeostasis from
excreting metabolic and harmful waste products from them. The glomerular filtration rate
increases with increased metabolic rate under physical exertion" and "The excretion of urea in the
urine increases in response to high amino acid metabolism and remains elevated for some time.
later in proportion to the intensity and duration of the exercise". "Knowing the rates of low urea
in the blood and its high urine gives good indications about the function of the kidneys."
5. Conclusions and recommendations
5.1 Conclusions
1) The impact of the circular training method positively on the development of the
muscular ability of the arm-bearing arm and legs.
2) The study showed that measuring the functional indicators of the kidneys falls
within normal limits.
3) The training method used has achieved positive results in adapting the functional
indicators of the two colleges in the research variables.
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 100
5.2 Recommendations
1) Adopting the circular training method for the outstanding positive results
achieved.
2) The need to adopt physical tests and physiological measurements in determining
the training and functional status of athletes.
3) Conducting similar studies on age groups, different sports events and other
functional variables.
4) Modern and innovative training methods are needed to develop training in
fencing and other sports.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that this research had been conducting without any financial or
commercial relationship may consider as a potential conflict of interest.
About the Author(s)
Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Member of the Scientific Committee for Postgraduate
Studies; he participated in many scientific conferences and seminars.
CV: https://systems.uomisan.edu.iq/cv/staff/details/538
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mustafa-Al-Saediy
Muthana Layth Hatem, Head of Student Activities Division; he participated in many
scientific conferences and seminars.
CV: https://systems.uomisan.edu.iq/cv/staff/details/565
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/mthny-hatm
Email: muthanna_lath@uomisan.edu.iq
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SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
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Mustafa Ghasib Abdulzahra, Muthana Layth Hatem
THE EFFECT OF CIRCULAR TRAINING ON MUSCULAR ABILITY AND
SOME FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE KIDNEYS IN FENCING PLAYERS
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science - Volume 11 │ Issue 3 │ 2024 102
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