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A novel Fuzzy type-2 PI repetitive control methodology for harmonic elimination in distributed generation sources
Abstract
The importance and application of state-of-the-art control techniques in the grid networks of inverter-based distributed generation units not only improve the performance in unbalanced situations but also supplement the efficiency of the system in normal conditions. Intelligent control is necessary and mandatory due to the unbalanced load distribution that occurs permanently in the three phases of the microgrid. A current controller, in this research, used in distributed generation sources is presented and is designed to compensate for high harmonics and a suitable dynamic speed to track the reference current in a short transient time. Our innovative controller is composed of a repetitive control to eliminate harmonics and an adaptive fuzzy type-2 proportional-integral (PI) control. This controller not only performs simultaneous compensation of harmonics and has a suitable dynamic response to track the reference current in a small transient time, but also improves the bandwidth and stability of the system. Finally, the performance and result of the controller are shown by simulation for a three-phase converter connected to the network of local non-linear loads.
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The unpredictability of solar and wind energy sources affects contemporary power networks and adds frequency variations. An appropriate intelligent controller is necessary to balance electricity between generation and demand. As a result, in this research, we present a sine-cosine adaptive improved equilibrium optimization (SCaIEO) method tuned to AT2FPID (Adaptive Type 2 Fuzzy PID Controller) for frequency management of cutting-edge power systems. The efficiency of the SCaIEO approach is assessed by comparing it to the original equilibrium optimization (EO) and other comparable algorithms for the test function. Moreover, engineering applications of the SCaIEO technique are carried out by constructing an AT2FPID controller to manage the frequency of power systems that include renewable energy and dispersed sources. First, we show that SCaIEO outperforms EO, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), GA (Genetic Algorithm), MFO (Moth Flame Optimization), and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) in the PID controller (Gravity Search Algorithm). The AT2FPID is next evaluated, and the SCaIEO AT2FPID controller's dominance is proven by equating the outcome to the original, PID Type 1 Fuzzy PID, Type 2 Fuzzy PID controller.
This paper proposes two nonlinear exact and simple state space models of a Z-source converter (ZSC) connected to an ac grid. A generic model of a ZSC accompanied with proper controllers are proposed and a dynamic model of the whole system is derived; as a result, based on a simple one, an equivalent block diagram of the current-controlled ZSC system is proposed. The ac small signal stability method is applied and the impact of controller parameters on network's stability is discussed. Besides, overall system dynamic performance has been assessed in the event of perturbations. Time-domain simulations have been implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the accuracy of the models and effectiveness of the proposed controllers. The results of the exact model are compared with the response of the equations which are applied in MATLAB.
The distributed energy management of interconnected microgrids, which is based on model predictive control (MPC), relies on the cooperation of all the agents (i.e., microgrids). Model predictive control or MPC is widely used in industrial applications as an effective tool for dealing with multivariable limited control problems. MPC uses an explicit system model to predict the future horizon of the system and its outputs. This predictability allows calculating the optimal order of inputs to minimize output errors over a limited horizon, which is effected by the limitations of the system. This study presents a distributed economic model predictive control method using the new state feedback controller to control the switching of interface converters and compensate for the unbalanced and nonlinear loads. In this model, the islanding mode and the reconnection of the grid are considered to improve the transient behavior of the system to achieve steady-state power distribution. It has been proposed that it could obtain better results in predictive control, utilizing similarity transform in the state matrix and its modification. First, this model is simulated on distributed generation sources with power-sharing and local loads using the state feedback controller in MATLAB Simpower. Then, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated, confirming that it is more reliable than the FS-MPC and DSVM-MPC methods.
Grid frequency variation causes phase angle deviation in current with respect to voltage. This is sensed at the phase-locked loop in the controller. In past studies the effect of grid frequency variation is neglected while designing the controller for power quality restoration. When modern grids are connected to large numbers of non-linear loads and various types of distributed generation (DG), it results in continuous variation in grid frequency. Thus it is necessary to consider the grid frequency variation for effective power quality restoration. However, tuning of conventional PI controller gains considering frequency variation is very difficult. Thus it is necessary to develop an adaptive intelligent nonlinear controller to tackle the effects of frequency variation, voltage distortion and non-linear load simultaneously. This paper presents the importance of considering the effects of the frequency variation, grid voltage distortion and non-linear load, while designing and deploying a controller for power quality restoration. The proposed controller supplies power to local load as well as transferring surplus power to the grid from DG along with the additional benefit of improving grid power quality. A DG with an ANFIS optimized PI current controller for power quality enhancement is proposed. The method is economical as it requires no additional hardware. Results are compared with PI, PI-RC and fuzzy current controllers to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
An AC microgrid (MG) system links the distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy resources and local electrical loads in modern power systems. Intermittent characteristics of wind and solar resources influence not only the availability of energy but also the stability of the entire AC microgrid. This matter as well makes a challenge on the load frequency control (LFC) problem in an islanded MG system, and consequently, the fixed structure controllers are unable to provide a proper performance over a wide range of operating conditions. Therefore, it is required to design a dedicated controller for LFC to ensure the capability of maintaining a generation–load balance by managing the intermittent resources. In this paper, an adaptive type-2 fuzzy PID (T2FPID) controller is suggested for LFC in an AC MG system to enforce the frequency deviation to zero by supplying the load demands. The designed T2FPID controller is a nonlinear controller that can handle the system nonlinearities and uncertainties in the MG system in a better way. Using a Lyapunov function, the stability of the system is evaluated and parameter tuning laws for the T2FPID controller are derived using this function. It has been illustrated that the adaptive parameters are bounded and the frequency deviation reaches to zero properly. The proposed adaptive T2FPID controller has been applied for LFC of a MG system, and the simulation results have been compared with those obtained by type-1 fuzzy (T1F) PI and nonadaptive fuzzy PID controllers, which is the latest research in the problem in hand. The simulation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed adaptive controllers in dealing with intermittent resources and changing in the power system parameters.
Abstract In this research article, a novel approach is proposed by considering a modified equilibrium optimization (MEO) algorithm based “interval type‐2 fuzzy proportional integral derivative (IT2FPID) controller” for the load frequency control of the multi‐area hybrid power system. The performance of the modified algorithm is tested by comparing it with the standard EO algorithm considering various standard benchmark test functions. Further, the efficacy of the MEO algorithm is tried by planning an IT2FPID controller for frequency regulation of the said hybrid system. The supremacy of the MEO‐based IT2FPID controller is introduced by comparing its outcomes with MEO‐based T1FPID structure, MEO‐based conventional PID and EO‐based PID controller techniques. It is observed that the MEO‐based IT2FPID controller is more effective compared to others.
In this paper, an array calibration method focusing on Direction of Arrival (DOA) on
narrowband signals is presented. An array calibration procedure expresses adaptive beam forming
and direction finding, which includes unknown phase and gain perturbation of the active sensor.
The main purpose of this study is estimation of DOA on two or more known signal sources using
Iterative Learning Control (ILC) method. Due to ILC learning ability, the amount of required
calculations decreases. Furthermore, ILC method has a simple structure for working on-line. As
ILC is a model-free method, it requires little modeling knowledge, making it suitable for use in
DOA. In this paper, a new method is proposed for finding DOA of long distance targets in sonar
systems. Moreover, in the last section the simulation results approves improvement in performance
of the proposed method and helps show the capabilities of the method presented.
The global trends nowadays in the power generation industry are to supplement the electricity production using distributed generation (DG) technologies based on renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic, wind power, etc. However, failure to properly control the operation of distributed energy resources as they connect to the exiting power grid could provoke many power quality problems on the grid side. For this reason, due considerations must be given to power generation and safe running before DG units is actually integrated into the power grid. The main aim of this paper is to address the grid interconnection issues that usually arise as DG units connect to the electric grid. The proposed strategy, implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment in different operating scenarios, provides compensation for active, reactive, unbalanced, and harmonic current components of grid-connected nonlinear unbalanced loads. The simulation results obtained in this study demonstrate the level of accuracy of the proposed technique, which ensure a balance in the overall grid phase currents, injection of maximum available power from DG resources to the grid, improvement of the utility grid power factor, and a reduction in the total harmonic distortion of grid currents.
IEEE Std 519-1992 is a useful document for understanding harmonics and applying harmonic limits in power systems. Despite many years of good use there is still some confusion about how to apply certain aspects of the standard. This paper discusses some of those, as well as related issues that are helpful in working with harmonic limits. There is considerable debate as to precisely how some elements of IEEE Std 519-1992 should be interpreted. This paper presents the authors' views on some of the more ambiguous elements of the standard and on the application of harmonic limits in general
The islanded renewable energy conversion systems (RECSs) primarily involve solar photovoltaic array (SPVA) with a battery energy storage (BES). Despite diesel generator (DG) sets are installed for system reliability, their usage should be limited to minimize the operating cost. Moreover, the load irregularities reflect as poor power quality and unbalanced DG currents, which increase the harmonics and mechanical losses. To address these challenges, this paper presents the control and advanced power management for a synchronous reluctance generator type diesel set (SRDG) interfaced SPVA-BES based islanded RECS. It operates with and without SRDG as decided by an advanced power management controller (APMC). It is controlled by an improved cascaded complex coefficient filter (ICCCF) with enhanced frequency locked loop (EFLL) based control to improve the power quality of RECS. The control attenuates the DC offsets, extracts fundamental components and makes them balanced and linear during sustained load current irregularities. The modified proportional multi-resonant controller (MPMR) linearizes the point of interconnection (POI) voltages in absence of SRDG. The APMC ensures that the usage of SRDG is minimized and reduces the number of synchronization attempts with RECS. Moreover, during synchronization, control ensures that the chances of failed synchronization/false tripping of SRDG is minimized. Performance of RECS with proposed control is demonstrated using embedded and experimental results.
The notion of knowledge delta-sigma has gained wide-spreading interest in many fields owing to its supplementary properties. It can make the system robust to uncertainty and go down the fluctuation in the estimate. This article presents a novel proceed toward estimation problems via using Fuzzy Delta-sigma, investigates and researches its practical implementation on gamma-ray belt conveyors. The weigh scale is one of the most basic instruments for calculating the production rate of companies and the conventional method has some fundamental problems and maintenance. A non-contact scale measurement system based on the gamma radiation technique is proposed and implemented to calculate the weight of materials passing through the conveyor. The main goal of this study is to have a precise estimation method and implemented it's on the gamma weighting scale system. To overcome this issue, a state-of-the-art fuzzy Sigma delta modulation is designed and its potency is shown in a numerical simulation study. Then the practical implementation of the radioactive belt scale based on this methodology is tested. Finally, this novel method in practical application is evaluated by comparing it with other belt scale systems on the weight system.
Use of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques has enabled the converters to be used in low-frequency high-power applications. The main objectives of PWM are to reduce the line current harmonic, switching energy loss, and torque pulsation and motor acoustic noise (for motor drive applications). This paper mainly deals with selective harmonic elimination PWM (SHEPWM), Hysteresis current controlled PWM (HCPWM), space vector PWM (SVPWM), bus-clamping PWM (BCPWM), and the most advanced wavelet PWM technique (WPWM). Different conventional as well as advanced soft computing techniques have been discussed for SHEPWM in order to solve the complex non-linear transcendental equations and obtain the optimized switching angles. The paper also deals with different conventional and advanced bus clamping sequences that have shown superior result in mitigating the switching loss. In order to judge the true performance of SHEPWM and CSVPWM in terms of accuracy of obtaining the switching angles, convergence rate, THD, torque ripple, switching energy loss, etc., a common experimental test bench consisting of three-phase, two-level, six switch inverter coupled with a 2 hp, 50 Hz, three-phase induction machine has been formed. The selected BIA-based SHEPWM and CSVPWM have been implemented in the MATLAB simulation software, and the same has also been applied to the experimental test bench through dSPACE 1104 DAC card. Performance of HCPWM and different BC-PWM sequences has also been verified using the same experimental test bench. This manuscript will help the researches and practitioners working in this field, to gain a clear idea about the type of PWM to be used for their specific application in order to achieve superior performance.
Renewable energy sources are being incorporated into power networks to guarantee dependable and inexpensive electricity for the urban and industrial sectors. Recent research approximates microgrids powered by renewable energy and controlled by smart grids may provide more reliable and efficient energy systems economically. Its natural interaction among renewable energy sources, electric demands, and energy storage devices makes DC microgrid a contemporary electrical grid technology. In this paper, a nonlinear control approach with outstanding precision, robustness, and simplicity of tuning and implementation, is made to deal with the control of the DC microgrid system to bring out the efficacy of the system at higher points. A closed-loop continuous time sliding mode controller is proposed for a boost converter with a cascade filter. DC microgrid system with sliding mode controller is simulated and the analysis has been carried outs with motor load to check the adequacy of the proposed system.
Distributed generation is an effective solution to clean, reliable, and cost-efficient energy supply. In this framework, inverters play a key role as energy converters. Accordingly, this paper investigates the utilization of nonlinear inductive-capacitive (LC) filters for grid-connected inverters. Nonlinear LC filters are made of inductors with nonlinear B-H curves, which makes them have a smaller volume, less dissipation loss, and lower cost. The main drawback of using these filters, however, is their nonlinear current-dependent characteristics. To harness the undesirable impacts of nonlinear filters on the system performance, an adaptive observer-based control scheme is developed in this paper. The proposed controller is based on a concurrent estimation of nonlinear inductor values, capacitor voltages, and grid-side currents. Based on its fast adaptation to plant changes, this scheme provides an improved stability margin and an inherent resonant damping characteristic under grid impedance uncertainty. Compared with the conventional approaches, this method requires no extra sensors. A comparative simulation and experimental analysis, based on a three-phase 7 kW inverter, is provided to validate the efficacy of the proposed control strategy.
It is common for industrial and commercial microgrids to experience high levels of load unbalance when operating in islanded mode, which degrades the real output power capability of inverters, causes power quality problems, and impacts on the protection regime. Conventional droop control methods are not designed for sharing of unbalance power where multiple inverters are used, and existing proposals for negative sequence power sharing have several practical disadvantages which are identified. This paper proposes a novel secondary scheme for cooperative adjustment of negative sequence droop gains for voltage source converters. The new design provides an option for sharing of unbalance power, while also correcting voltage unbalance at sensitive buses. In contrast to other designs, the scheme proposes hierarchical unbalance control using a fully distributed architecture. It is robust to communication network failure and adapts to impedance changes in the electrical network. A simulation model of the proposed scheme is demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink for a reference case.
As the electronic interfaces between distributed energy resources (DERs) and the electrical network, power converters play a vital role in voltage stabilization and power conversion. So far, various power converter control methods have been developed. Now it is urgently needed to compare and understand these approaches to support the smart microgrid pyramid. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of power converter control in microgrid applications. The most important control schemes to address existing challenges, including concentrated control, master-slave control, droop mechanism, virtual synchronous generators (VSG), virtual oscillator control (VOC), distributed cooperative control, and model predictive control (MPC), are highlighted and analyzed in detail. In addition, the hierarchical control structure, as well as future trends, are reviewed and discussed.
This paper proposes a methodology to control a three-phase voltage source inverter with LCL filter for distributed generation (DG) in microgrid scenario. Thus, the presented control strategy allows the DG system to operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes with a smooth transition between them. Therefore, the DG control system strategy is performed by splitting the control input into two control-stages; the first one is in charge of reproducing sinusoidal voltages at the filter capacitors; meanwhile, the second is dedicated to modulate these voltages in order to achieve proper amplitude and phase for correct output current injection. By means of discrete-time state-space representation of the system, state-feedback controllers are obtained employing linear matrix inequalities considering uncertainties on grid inductances and optimization of the H2 norm for each operation mode. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed DG system is demonstrated and validated through computational simulations, as well as experimental evaluations.
Non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises are large consumers of electrical energy. The specifics of non-ferrous metals production involve the use of significant non-linear loads (6–12 phase valve inverters, induction furnaces, welding machines, etc.). This is up to 60% of the total load on the enterprise. Therefore, an important and urgent problem is the study, analysis and calculation of the quality indicators of electrical energy consumed. Much attention that is being paid to the problem of quality of electrical energy (QE) in recent years is explained by a significant economic damage due to QE indicators deterioration. Improving the basic indicators is a part of the energy- and resource-saving policy, the role and importance of which is now increasing all the time as a part of the energy program in the whole community. Based on the comprehensive energy audit in a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise, the authors investigated coefficients characterizing the voltage non-sinusoidality: ratio of n-th harmonic component of voltage (kU(n), %) and ratio of non-sinusoidal voltage (kU, %). According to the obtained samples coefficients, the authors performed a rank analysis of the spectrum of the most powerful electrical energy consumers (noevaya caste) higher harmonic (HH) voltage and determined the correlation coefficients between kU(n), kU and fraction of the noevaya caste electrical energy consumers (W, %). In addition, the contribution made by consumers in non-sinusoidality voltage at the points of common coupling (PCC) with the system is defined. The obtained results are introduced into the process at the enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy for the production of hard alloys and zinc.
ever-increasing interest on integrating solar power to utility grid exists due to wide use of renewable energy sources and distributed generation. The grid-connected solar inverters that are the key devices interfacing solar power plant with utility play crucial role in this situation. Although three-phase inverters were industry standard in large photovoltaic (PV) power plant applications, the microgrid regulations increased the use of single-phase inverters in residential power plants and grid interconnection. This paper presents a detailed review on single-phase grid-connected solar inverters in terms of their improvements in circuit topologies and control methods. Even though there are many reviews have been proposed in the current literature, this study provides a differentiating approach by focusing on novel circuit topologies and control methods of string and micro inverters. The single and multi-stage solar inverters are reviewed in terms of emerging DC-DC converter and unfolding inverter topologies while the novel control methods of both stages have been surveyed in a comprehensive manner. The isolated and transformerless circuit topologies have been investigated by reviewing experimental and commercial devices. The soft computing, evolutionary and swarm intelligence based algorithms have been summarized in MPPT methods section while current injection and grid-connection control methods of unfolding inverters stage have been presented with and without PLL architecture. There are many papers have been compared and listed in each section to provide further outcomes which is followed by a summarizing discussion section and conclusion.
This manuscript presents a repetitive control (RC) method and 31-level reduced switch cascaded inverter topology (31-level RSCI) with an integrated hybrid active filter capability for a grid-connected doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based on wind energy conversion system (WECS). Repetitive control approach is considered for the inverter operation due to its better controllability and accuracy under periodic disturbance conditions. Further to enhance the system performance by supplying the desired reactive power to DFIG and harmonic reduction, a 31-level RSCI topology with a reduced number of unidirectional switch operations is proposed and implemented in the rotor side converter (RSC). This leads to benefit of highest power extraction and offer the required reactive power to DFIG. In addition to that an LC filter on the grid side converter (GSC) is added, to work as a hybrid active filter for harmonic cancellation produced by the nonlinear load and so behaves like a static compensator (STATCOM) even under shutdown condition of the wind turbine. Indirect current control and flux oriented reference frame control are implemented for grid and rotor side converter respectively. The proposed approach is validated with the simulated test results under both steady state and dynamic conditions.
The concept of information fusion has gained a widespread interest in many fields due to its complementary properties. It makes systems more robust against uncertainty. This paper presents a new approach for the well logging estimation problem by using a fusion methodology. Natural gamma-ray tool (NGT) is considered as an important instrument in the well logging. The NGT detects changes in natural radioactivity emerging from the variations in concentrations of micronutrients as uranium (U), thorium (T h), and potassium (K). The main goal of this study is to have precise estimation of the concentrations of U , T h and K. Four types of Kalman filters are designed to estimate the elements using the NGT sensor. Then, a fusion of the Kalman filters is utilized into an integrated framework by ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator to enhance the quality of the estimations. A real covariance of the output error based on innovation matrix is utilized to design weighting factors for the OWA operator. The simulation studies indicate not only a reliable performance of the proposed method as compared to the individual Kalman filters, but also a better response in contrast with previous fusion methodologies.
The focus of this research article is to model and analyze optimal controllers for a two level, pulse width modulated, grid connected inverter using Matlab. The Proportional Resonant controller and Linear Quadratic Regulator are being investigated. The controllers are designed such that their performance is satisfactory. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the designed controllers under different grid conditions.
New smoothers are proposed in this article to estimate the spectrum of radioactivity of Gamma ray in well-log data problems. Natural gamma-ray tool (NGT) is one of the most important instruments in well logging. The natural gamma-ray tool detects changes in natural radioactivity emerging from the variations in concentrations of elements as uranium ( ), thorium ( ), and potassium ( ). A computer is utilized to convert the data obtained by NGT to show concentrations of the elements in various depths. The aim of this research is to estimate the concentrations of these elements. Regular techniques have some uncertainties in the estimation of the elements of reservoir evaluation. To solve this problem, a fuzzy Kalman filter is designed to overcome uncertainty in comparison with the ordinary Kalman filter. Although the estimation result is better than Kalman filter, there is still a high level of noise on the estimation. Therefore, two types of smoothers including Rauch-Tung-Striebel and wavelet smoothers are used to reduce the noise level. Results show the better performances of the suggested smoothers in comparison with fuzzy Kalman filters.
Conventional proportional-resonant controller is widely accepted and adopted in micro-grid applications. However, it's hard to design a satisfactory conventional proportion-resonant controller due to the contradictory nature of the inverter's stability, dynamic response speed and static tracking accuracy. Therefore, some trade-off strategies proposed in previous works are usually favored. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy proportional-resonant control strategy for a three-phase inverter, which can obtain better outcomes of three contradictory performance characteristics simultaneously. The detailed mathematical models and design procedure of the controller for the studied inverter are also presented. Compared with conventional proportional-resonant control strategy, the superiority of the proposed fuzzy proportional-resonant control strategy is significant for its better system stability, faster dynamic response speed and higher static tracking accuracy. Results from simulation are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The increasing presence of inverter-based distributed generation (DG) units in microgrid application requires control methods that achieve high performance not only during normal operating conditions, but also under unbalanced conditions. These conditions can occur permanently due to distribution of unbalanced loads on the three phases of the microgrid. This paper proposes a robust control strategy for a grid-connected multi-bus microgrid containing several inverter-based DG units. Each of the DG units can supply a combination of balanced and unbalanced local loads. The proposed control strategy employs an adaptive Lyapunov function based control scheme to directly compensate the negative-sequence current components caused by unbalanced loads in some part of microgrid; and a sliding mode based control scheme to directly regulate the positive-sequence active and reactive power injected by DG units to the microgrid. The control method proposed in this paper is shown to be robust and stable under load disturbances and microgrid parameter uncertainties even in the presence of nonlinear and time-variant unbalanced loads. The effectiveness of the presented controller is validated through time-domain simulation studies, under the MATLAB/Simulink software environment.
The power quality of grid-connected inverters has drawn a lot of attention with the increased application of distributed power generation systems. The repetitive control technique is widely adopted in these systems, due to its excellent tracking performance and low output total harmonic distortion (THD). However, in an actual system, the ratio of the sampling frequency to the grid frequency cannot always maintain an integer, and then, the resonant frequencies of the repetitive control technique will deviate from the real grid fundamental and harmonic frequencies. This will degrade the performance of the system, particularly when the grid frequency varies. Even if the ratio is a fixed integer, the auxiliary function for stabilization in the conventional repetitive control technique will also increase the steady-state tracking error and THD of the system. In this paper, an improved repetitive control scheme with a special designed finite impulse response (FIR) filter is proposed. The FIR filter cascaded with a traditional delay function can approximate the ideal repetitive control function of any ratio. The proposed scheme varies the FIR filter according to varied grid frequency and maintains its resonant frequencies matching the grid fundamental and harmonic ones. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the improved repetitive control scheme can effectively reduce the tracking error and compensate harmonics of the inverter systems.
IEEE 1547 2003 standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems is the first in the 1547 series of planned interconnection standards. Major issues and a wealth of constructive dialogue arose during 1547 development. There was also a perceived increased vitality in updating complementary IEEE standards and developing additional standards to accommodate modern electrical and electronics systems and improved grid communications and operations. Power engineers and other stakeholders looking to the future are poised to incorporate 1547 into their knowledge base to help transform our nation's aging distribution systems while alleviating some of the burden on existing transmission systems.
Optimization and Placement of DG Resources in the Network to Reduce Line Loading
- Farhad Zishan
Zishan, Farhad, et al. "Optimization and Placement of DG Resources in
the Network to Reduce Line Loading." International Journal of Industrial
Electronics Control and Optimization (2023).
Fuzzy proportional-resonant control strategy for three-phase inverters in islanded micro-grid with nonlinear loads
- Hongda Cai
Cai, Hongda, et al. "Fuzzy proportional-resonant control strategy for
three-phase inverters in islanded micro-grid with nonlinear loads." 2014
IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE,
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