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Biosynthesis of Gelatin-Coated Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites from Coccinia indica Extract and its Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Anticancer and Wound Healing Properties

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Kottaisamy Senthilkumar
Kottaisamy Senthilkumar
Kottaisamy Senthilkumar
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Manickam Rajkumar at Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering
Manickam Rajkumar
Dr. Karuppaiya Vimala at Periyar University
Dr. Karuppaiya Vimala
Ramasundaram Thangaraj at Periyar University
Ramasundaram Thangaraj
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Abstract and Figures

This present study deals with the synthesis of gelatin-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposites (GN/ZnONCs) using Coccinia indica seed extract using the green preparative method. Synthesized GN/ZnONCs were confirmed by using various characterization techniques for chemical and physical properties. The results of the UV–Vis spectral absorption peak showed 235 nm, and the FTIR study confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The XRD study illustrated the crystalline structure of GN/ZnONCs. The DLS measurement indicated a stable size of 82.11 nm, with a zeta potential value demonstrating high stability at -20 mV. SEM images displayed the morphology of cauliflower-like spherical shapes and revealed their average particle size, respectively. The 100 µg/mL concentration of GN/ZnONCs exhibited higher antibacterial efficiencies against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Subsequently, the GN/ZnONCs also exhibited excellent antioxidant properties in the DPPH assay (92.61 ± 2.45%), the ABTS assay (76.35 ± 1.54%), and the hydroxyl scavenging assay (88.42 ± 1.73%) at 100 μg/ml concentration. In addition, GN/ZnONCs treatment on the cancer cell line HT-29 showed good anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 45.4 μg/mL. Furthermore, wound healing experiments with enriched GN/ZnONCs with the highest contraction of 98.37 ± 1.45 confirmed faster wound healing and a greater role in the formation of new tissues and cells. The study indicates that green synthesized GN/ZnONCs had anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and wound healing properties that were also eco-friendly and cost-effective, and the possible mechanisms were illustrated for biomedical applications.
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Vol.:(0123456789)
BioNanoScience (2024) 14:2993–3010
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01574-y
RESEARCH
Biosynthesis ofGelatin‑Coated Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites
fromCoccinia indica Extract andits Antibacterial, Antioxidant,
Anticancer andWound Healing Properties
KottaisamySenthilkumar1,2· ManickamRajkumar1· KaruppaiyaVimala1· RamasundaramThangaraj3·
SoundarapandianKannan1
Accepted: 26 July 2024 / Published online: 15 August 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024
Abstract
This present study deals with the synthesis of gelatin-loaded zinc oxide nanocomposites (GN/ZnONCs) using Coccinia indica
seed extract using the green preparative method. Synthesized GN/ZnONCs were confirmed by using various characterization
techniques for chemical and physical properties. The results of the UV–Vis spectral absorption peak showed235nm, and
the FTIR study confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The XRD study illustrated the crystalline structure of
GN/ZnONCs. The DLS measurement indicated a stable size of82.11nm, with a zeta potential value demonstrating high
stability at -20mV. SEM images displayed the morphology of cauliflower-like spherical shapes and revealed their average
particle size, respectively. The 100µg/mL concentration of GN/ZnONCs exhibited higher antibacterial efficiencies against
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Subsequently, the GN/ZnONCs also exhibited excellent antioxidant properties
in the DPPH assay (92.61 ± 2.45%), the ABTS assay (76.35 ± 1.54%), and the hydroxyl scavenging assay (88.42 ± 1.73%) at
100μg/ml concentration. In addition, GN/ZnONCs treatment on the cancer cell line HT-29 showed good anticancer activity
with an IC50 value of 45.4μg/mL. Furthermore, wound healing experiments with enriched GN/ZnONCs with the highest
contraction of 98.37 ± 1.45 confirmed faster wound healing and a greater role in the formation of new tissues and cells. The
study indicates that green synthesized GN/ZnONCs had anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and wound healing properties that were
also eco-friendly and cost-effective, and the possible mechanisms were illustrated for biomedical applications.
Keywords Nanotechnology· Coccinia indica· Anticancer Activity· Antioxidant Activity· Antibacterial Activity
1 Introduction
Nanotechnology is an advancing field of science and tech-
nology that focuses on metals and metal oxides at the
nanoscale. It can be described as the synthesis and design of
nanoscale structures, specifically nanoparticles, which have
sizes ranging from 1 to 100nm [1, 2]. These nanoparticles
are produced using a variety of methods, predominantly cat-
egorized as chemical, physical, and biological approaches
[3]. Among the numerous types of nanoparticles synthe-
sized for zinc, silver, gold, and copper nanoparticles. These
nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their
potential applications and the intriguing properties they pos-
sess [4].
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have found wide-
spread application in the field of biomedicine, owing to
their diverse physical, chemical, and biological properties
[5]. By utilizing these nanoparticles, researchers can visu-
alize cellular structures and processes, providing valuable
insights into cellular behaviour and function [6]. Moreo-
ver, these nanoparticles have exhibited strong antioxidant
properties, indicating their potential for a wide range of
therapeutic uses. Bacterial infections represent a substantial
public health challenge [7]. Recent research suggests that
* Soundarapandian Kannan
skperiyaruniv@gmail.com
1 Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department ofZoology,
School ofLife Sciences, Periyar University, Salem-636 011,
TamilNadu, India
2 National Institute forResearch inTuberculosis/Indian
Council forMedical Research, Ward No. 62, Government
Rajaji Hospital Madurai – 625 001, TamilNadu, India
3 Vermitechnology Laboratory, Department ofZoology,
School ofLife Sciences, Periyar University, Salem-636 011,
TamilNadu, India
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
... Natural compounds present in biological systems play a crucial and diverse role in NPs synthesis, acting as capping and stabilizing agents. A review of the literature indicates that utilizing plants offers considerable advantages over other biosystems [16,17]. Plants are easily accessible and convenient to work with, and the NPs they produce tend to be more stable. ...
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