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Shot mechanical analysis according to shooting performance in youth basketball players
Abstract
In basketball, shooting stands out as a vital technique, directly affecting the game results. Identifying shooting mechanics early in a basketball player's career can significantly develop shooting performance in subsequent years. This study aims to explore shooting percentages based on angular positions of joint parts in the shooting techniques of youth basketball players. Fifteen male participants (average age: 14.1±0.7 years, height: 180.7±7.9 cm, body weight: 65.4±10.0 kg, sports experience: 4.7±0.4 years) voluntarily participated in the study. They were divided into high shooting rate (n:7) and low shooting rate (n:8) groups. Both groups attempted 60 shots from the free throw line (20 shots), right forward position (20 shots), and left forward position (20 shots). Joint angle values during the initial and final shooting phases were compared between groups using Independent t-tests. Significant differences were found between groups in the shoulder part during the beginning phase and the wrist part during the final shooting phase (p
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Background:
Previous research has reported a strong relationship between vertical jumping, sprinting, and agility, as a reflection of lower-limb power. Unilateral analysis of this relationship has not yet been explored. This study primarily investigated the associations between single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint, and agility performances in youth basketball players.
Methods:
Thirty-five male basketball players from the youth category (age 15.06 ± 2.62 years, n = 32 right-limb dominant; n = 3 left-limb dominant) performed single-leg CMJ, 20 m sprint, and T-drill agility tests over two sessions. Force-time-related performance variables were measured using a single-leg CMJ test on a Kistler force plate.
Results:
Significant moderate to large negative correlations were observed between single-leg CMJ variables, 20 m sprint, and T-drill agility, except for mean force for both dominant and non-dominant leg measures (r = -0.384 to -0.705). Mean power and mean force were correlated with the physical characteristics of the athletes for both legs (r = -0.389 to -0.843). Flight time and jump height were identified as the best predictor variables for both sprint and agility time in the stepwise model (R2 = 0.608 to 0.660). No statistical inter-limb differences were found during the single-leg CMJ test (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
The study findings suggest that youth basketball players with greater single-leg jump output most likely have better sprint and agility performances. Thus, trainers and athletic performance coaches may include unilateral limb exercises in their training programs to enhance lower-limb explosive performance and reduce limb asymmetries.
Shooting technique is exceedingly crucial in basketball. In order to improve the shooting average, this study captured shooting technology action by computer vision technology, analyzed human posture in different gender and gave effective suggestions in routine training. Kinect Azure was used to collect the human skeleton information when the 10 players (5 males and 5 females) who experienced amateur basketball training shot. After smoothing and reducing noises of three-dimensional skeleton information, the kinematic parameters such as human joint angle and torso tilt angle were calculated by using Euclidean dot product formula and anti-triangular formula. The result showed that shooting average of male was higher than that of female (P<0.05). When the players squatted to the maximum extent, the angles of the knee and hip of female were significantly bigger than that of male (P<0.05). The torso was tilted to a certain extent, and the extent of female was significantly larger than that of male(P<0.05). In conclusion, by computer vision obtaining data collection, this study suggested that the players should strengthen the muscle and master the range of flexion degree which was suitable for their own strength. At the same time, so as to improve the shooting average, they should pay attention to the coordination of upper and lower limbs during shooting.
Background: A precise three-point shot (3S) is considered a key parameter of success in a basketball game, and therefore the factors that affect its success have always attracted the attention of researchers. Aim: The aim of this research was a biomechanical-mathematical analysis of 3S in basketball, in order to determine the key parameters for performing a 3S. Results: The research shows a model of shooting a basketball player from the central position of the shot with 6.75 m. The modeling led to the conclusion that the height of the throw, the speed and the angle of the throw of the ball have a positive and direct relationship with the angle at which the ball falls into the basket when it comes to a shot for three points. Conclusion: The height of the throw, the speed and the angle of the ball have a positive and direct relationship with the angle at which the ball hits the basket when it comes to a shot for three points. Anthropometric characteristics of the player, such as the length of the arm, and the height of the player, directly lead to a positive relationship with the throwing angle.
Purpose
The study compared the performance of basketball jump shots between children and adults.
Methods
A kinematic analysis was used to evaluate shots performance (2D; sagittal plane; 100 Hz). A biomechanical model (6 points and 4 body segments) provided the shoulder, elbow, and wrist angular displacements and velocities.
Results
Children performed simultaneous movements of the shoulder-elbow-wrist joints to release the ball. Adults executed a countermovement around the elbow and wrist, but with greater constraint around the shoulder joint. This strategy may have allowed adults to achieve higher release, smaller variability, and better accuracy.
Conclusions
Differences in performance between adults and children were explained by the participants’ physical characteristics and time of practice (experience).
This paper tries to clarify from specific points of descriptive view, physical, technical, tactical and from that learning model, those that are the fundamental elements of the shot to basket, in order to optimize the setting and specific preparation. The physical learning is the basis of the performance, that is the skills depends from qualitative aspect. The shot is a fundamental attack in basketball, offers many points to be analyzed from technical point of view that the qualitative control model point of view, this article will try to do it on both aspect, trying to provide some elements technical and descriptive to whom refer and the description of the executive model elements characterizing the execution of the shot at basket. The aim is suggesting some technical elements to which to refer and the description of the executive model elements that characterize the execution of the shooting at basket, to improve the whole process of teaching and learning.
Basketball players usually score points during the game using the jump shot. For this reason, the jump shot is considered to be the most important element of technique in basketball and requires a high level of performance. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during a jump shot without the ball and a countermovement jump without an arm swing. The differences between variables provide information about the potential that an athlete can utilise during a game when performing a jump shot. The study was conducted among 20 second-league basketball players by means of a Kistler force plate and the BTS SMART system for motion analysis. The variables measured included the take-off time, mean power, peak power, relative mean power, jump height, maximum landing force and calculated impact ratio. Surprisingly, more advantageous variables were found for the jump shot. This finding suggests a very high performance level in the jump shot in the studied group and a maximum utilisation of their motor abilities. Both types of jumps were characterised by high mean and peak power values and average heights. The high forces at landing, which result in considerable impact ratios, may have prompted the studied group to land softly. Use of the countermovement jump without an arm swing is recommended to assess and predict the progression of player's jumping ability.
This paper numerically analyzes the dynamics of the basketball shot. The focus of the paper is on the development of a general, formulation for the dynamics of the shot beginning when the ball leaves the shooter's hand and ending when the shot is made or missed. The numerical analysis developed in this paper can be used to conduct a parametric study of the dynamics of the basketball shot, which in turn, can be used to improve individual shooting and team strategy. The individual skill level of the shooter enters the formulation through the statistical accuracy of the release. The paper then shows how to determine the shooter's probability of making a given shot.
Based on the biomechanics research on shooting a basketball, six key teaching points for mid-range to long-range jump shots are proposed. These concepts should be evaluated and translated into appropriate cue words for feedback to performers.
Three-dimensional cinematography (100 Hz) was used to establish the relationship between distance and the kinematics of shooting with respect to playing position in basketball. Fifteen subjects, divided into guards, forwards and centres (all n = 5), performed jump shots from each of three distances: 2.74, 4.57 and 6.40 m from the basket. Increases in mean release speed were found as shooting distance increased for all groups. This was due to increased angular velocities of both shoulder flexion and elbow extension and an increased speed of the centre of mass in the direction of the basket. Release angles for the two shorter distances (52-55 degrees) tended to provide the advantage of a steep angle of entry into the basket, whereas those at the longest distance (48-50 degrees) were closer to those requiring the minimum possible release speed. All groups exhibited an earlier timing of release as shooting distance increased, which gave rise to an earlier rotation of the shoulder axis. The more consistent changes in kinematic patterns with changes in shooting distance exhibited by guards as compared to centres would suggest that such adjustments are easier to make for those players who regularly shoot from long range.
The analysis of variability both within and between performers can reveal important information about how athletes satisfy situational constraints. Transitory changes in the basketball free-throw shot were examined across different stages in skill development. Six female basketball players were selected, representing a range of playing expertise (pretest: 0-90% baskets scored). Each participant was video recorded performing 30 shots. Contrary to predictions, there was not a clear pattern of a reduction in trajectory variability with increasing skill level. However, improvements in skill level were associated with an increasing amount of intertrial movement consistency from the elbow and wrist joints. It is suggested that the angular motions of the elbow and wrist joints were compensated for each other toward the end of each throw to adapt to subtle changes in release parameters of the ball.
Shooting technology as the core technology in the basketball game, from the point of view of biomechanics, basketball shooting skill is a very effective means to improve the shooting percentage of basketball shooting. The details of basketball shooting were analyzed by the methods of aerodynamics, biomechanics, sports science and statistics. Through the analysis of shooting action, based on the mathematical and physical methods as auxiliary means, analysis of human shooting motion arm trajectory, shooting direction, angle, shooting efforts, and shooting rate between the relationship, from the relationship between time, speed, distance and other physical quantities are analyzed and calculated, to improve the method of shooting skills were the summary of the research and the practice.
By literature review, expert interview, and biomechanical methods, in this study using 3D film analyzing system to reveal the kinematics parameters of shooting in basketball players. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of joint angles at release and reveal the reason for improving the hit rate in shooting. Ten collegiate level basketball players in this study. After digitizing the data, this study come to the following conclusion that (1) when the basketball players flex their left and right knee joints at about 131.5° and 97.6° respectively at the lowest center of gravity, in this position they can get the ideal shooting distance, (2) in the medium or long range shooting, if the arc of basketball flight is excessively low, it will make the ball touch the hoop and then rebound outwards. Hence, the higher the arc of basketball flight, the higher the hit rate will be in shooting.
In basketball, as in all team sports, collaboration systems offensive and defensive demand for an effective communication among the players, a fast and correct comprehension of game situations. The task of the coach will be to train the players thinking, using a method of teaching-learning useful for their proper growth technique, tactics and psychological, accustoming them through targeted exercises to observe the evolution of the game, to understand the various technical and tactical aspects, to know how to choose which skills and how to play each fundamental in various situations and know how to perform. The workout structured in such a way greatly increases the degree of adaptation from the players to the different forms of unpredictability that basketball reserve, as well as to stabilize the provision of a level of quality. This study should aim to describe the method teaching, to analyze some aspects of planning and specific strategies to train in a modern vision of basketball. Method is theoretical and argumentative with deductive approach. It is collected the main technicaltactical paradigm to apply at a new vision of the basketball. Results show situations is the aim for a correct analysis of the question and so the planning and each training session has to be structured according to algorithm in which there is the pathway to give a good response to the problem.
In basketball, as in all team sports, collaboration systems offensive and defensive demand for an effective communication among the players, a fast and correct comprehension of game situations. The task of the coach will be to train the players thinking, using a method of teaching-learning useful for their proper growth technique, tactics and psychological, accustoming them through targeted exercises to observe the evolution of the game, to understand the various technical and tactical aspects, to know how to choose which skills and how to play each fundamental in various situations and know how to perform. The workout structured in such a way greatly increases the degree of adaptation from the players to the different forms of unpredictability that basketball reserve, as well as to stabilize the provision of a level of quality. This study should aim to describe the method teaching, to analyze some aspects of planning and specific strategies to train in a modern vision of basketball. Method is theoretical and argumentative with deductive approach. It is collected the main technical-tactical paradigm to apply at a new vision of the basketball. Results show situations is the aim for a correct analysis of the question and so the planning and each training session has to be structured according to algorithm in which there is the pathway to give a good response to the problem.
The purpose of this study was the investigation of the effects of an intensive combined training program based on the pretest scores of a university women's basketball team on their physical, physiological, biomotoric, and technical features. Twenty-four university volunteers were equally divided into two groups: an experiment group (intensive combined training group) and a control (technical training) group. The 10-week intensive combined training program was performed on the experiment group according to their pretest outcomes. Before and at the end of each period of training, which was scheduled four times a week, the physical, physiological, biomotoric, and technical performance of each subject were determined. With respect to the pre- and posttest measurements, the basketball group showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in girth measurements (shoulder, waist, hip, arm, thigh, and calf), in skinfold measurements (percent body fat), in physiological measurements (vital capacity and forced vital capacity), in biomotoric tests (right-left hand grip, dynamic and countermovement jump, sit-up, push-up, 1500-m endurance), and in technique tests (free and inside shooting). It can be concluded that a 10-week intensive combined training program performed on university women basketball players had a significant effect on improving their physical, physiological, biomotoric, and technical features. It proved to be highly recommendable for female basketball players who are preparing for short-term tournaments; the basketball group in this study won a championship.
Three-dimensional video techniques (50 Hz) were used to obtain images of basketball jump shots from one of three distances--short range (group 1, n = 5); medium range (group 2, n = 5); long range (group 3, n = 5)--from the basket, as performed by members of the men's quarter-finalist teams at the games of the XVI Universiade in Sheffield in 1991. Fifteen sequences were digitized, beginning 20 frames prior to take-off to 10 frames after release. To facilitate analysis, the sequences were rotated about the ball position in the final frame so that the shot direction was parallel to one of the pre-defined orthogonal axes. Mean (+/- 1 S.D.) ball release speed was found to increase with distance from the basket (group 1 = 3.04 +/- 0.65 m s-1, group 2 = 4.71 +/- 0.74 m s-1, group 3 = 6.24 +/- 0.80 m s-1), while mean release angles were similar for all groups (group 1 = 48.8 +/- 10.1 degrees, group 2 = 47.8 +/- 5.8 degrees, group 3 = 51.9 +/- 5.5 degrees). The increased impulse necessary for the ball to reach the basket at increased shooting distances was derived from both an increase in angular velocity of the elbow joint of the shooting arm and an increased velocity of the centre of mass in the direction of the basket at release. Centre of mass speed at take-off was found to be influenced to a greater extent by the angular velocity of the ankle joint than that of the knee or hip joints.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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