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Epidemiology and Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Domestic Animals of Baghlan and Badakhshan Provinces, Northeast Afghanistan

January 2024

DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4915065

Authors:

Enayatullah Hamdard

Nanjing Agricultural University

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Paracoccidioidomycosis in wild and domestic animals Paracoccidiodomicose em animais silvestres e dom...

January 2009

Paracoccidiodomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin América, mainly in Brazil. Although many studies have been done about the pathology and diagnosis of this mycosis little is known about the eco-epidemiology of the etiological agent Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The fungus habitat also is unknown although is thought that the fungus lives as a saprobe in soil. The participation ... [Show full abstract] of other animal species in P. brasiliensis ecology is poorly understood and fungus isolation from animals as bat and penguin were not reproducible. The armadillos Dasypus novencinctus probably play a role in the fungus eco-epidemiology taking into account that several isolates were obtained from these animals. Seroepidemiologic studies have shown that dogs are infected by P. brasiliensis mainly in rural areas and recently was reported the first case o natural paracoccidioidomycosis in dogs. The role of other animal species in the eco-epidemiology of P. brasiliensis remains doubtful. A paracoccidioidomicose é a micose sistêmica mais prevalente na América Latina, principalmente no Brasil. Apesar de existirem vários estudos sobre o diagnóstico e patologia dessa micose, pouco se conhece sobre a ecologia do agente etiológico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Seu habitat ainda não foi determinado, mas provavelmente o fungo vive saprofiticamente no solo. Há também pouca informação quanto a participação de outras espécies de animais na eco-epidemiologia do fungo e os isolamentos obtidos de animais como morcego e pingüim não foram reprodutíveis. Até o presente, o fungo tem sido isolado com maior freqüência do tatu, Dasypus novencinctus. Estudos soroepidemiológicos demonstraram que a infecção é freqüente em cães, principalmente da área rural e recentemente foi relatado o primeiro caso de paracoccidiodomicose natural em cão. O papel de outras espécies de animais na eco-epidemiologia do fungo ainda não está esclarecido.

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Seroepidemiologic Evaluation of Anti-Toxoplasma Antibodies among Women in North of Iran

July 2007 · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences

This study is a cross sectional and descriptive study. Sample population was the women referred for marriage consultation to Gorgan Marriage Consultation Center in 2004. The prevalence oftoxoplasma antibodies (IgG, IgM) was determined by ELISA method. Blood samples were collected randomly from 300 women referred to the center for consultation. They were transferred to the laboratory for ... [Show full abstract] antibodies determination. Gorgan located in north of Iran and south east of Caspian sea. The results showed that the general prevalence to the positive cases based on high titer of IgG was 48.3% and of IgM was 11.7%. There was not any relation between positive cases and age, education, place of residence, job, keeping domestic animals (except cat) vegetable consumption and wash-up, but there was a relation between the positive cases of IgM and keeping cat at home (PV<0.025). More over 51.7% of pregnant women in Gorgan were seronegative and the were prone to acute toxoplasmosis during their pregnancy. The results of this study confirm that the determination of the diagnostic toxoplasmosis is an necessary test during pregnancy.

Epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of Lyme borrelliosis in northwest Croatia

February 1998 · Acta medica Croatica: c̆asopis Hravatske akademije medicinskih znanosti

Investigated were the epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of Lyme borreliosis in northwest Croatia. In a seroepidemiologic study, human sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and ten out of 134 serum samples were positive for B. burgdorferi antibodies. In a seroepizootiologic study, wildlife and domestic animals were tested by inhibition ELISA. Antibodies ... [Show full abstract] to B. burgdorferi were found in nine out of 42 roe deer sera, and in three out of nine hare sera. Sera of wild boars (n = 10), cattle (n = 103), and dogs (n = 13) were negative for antibodies to B. burgdorferi. The presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in ixodes ricinus ticks in the Lyme borreliosis endemic region of northwest Croatia. Ticks (n = 123) were collected at five-different locations and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA was detected in 56 out of 124 ticks (45%). Four genomic groups were identified by genotyping: B. afzelii (n = 26), B. garinii (n = 5), VS116 group (n = 5), and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (n = 1). Mixed infections of B. afzelii with VS116 group (n = 10), and B. afzelii with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (n = 1) were also detected. Eight ticks contained B. burgdorferi sensu lato that could not be typed, indicating the possible existence of a specific genomic group of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in northwest Croatia. Sex distribution of Lyme borreliosis patients in northwest Croatia showed a slight preponderance of the female gender and prevalence of the working active age range of 20 to 50 years. The persons who periodically visit the landscape, are most commonly affected, whereas those with an increased risk of tick bites are considerably less frequently involved. The most frequent clinical manifestation of Lyme borreliosis in northwest Croatia is erythema migrans with 46%, followed by neurologic manifestations, particularly peripheral neuritis, with 32%. The rest of clinical manifestations in stage II and III of Lyme borreliosis are very rarely recorded. The presence of B. afzelii and B. garinii in the highest percentage is in agreement with the local occurrence of cutaneous and neurologic manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. The presence of VS116 group in ticks from northwest Croatia in this and other studies in some European countries may indicate that VS116 group is well established in the European ixodes ricinus ticks. The role of the VS116 group in the etiology of Lyme borreliosis remains to be clarified.

[Seroepidemiologic studies on reovirus infections of man, domestic and wild animals in Tanzania (aut...

October 1979 · Acta Tropica

2238 sera of bovines, 95 of goats, 251 of antelopes (various species), 143 of zebras and 11 of warthogs collected in Tanzania as well as 811 sera of men and females of the city and the region of Dar es Salaam were tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies (Ab) to reovirus serotypes (St) 1, 2 and 3. Ab to St 1 resp. 2 could be detected in 24--39% of bovines, goats, antelopes and zebras, ... [Show full abstract] and in warthogs to 64%. In human beings the positive percentage was 60%. Ab to St 3 were most prevalent: Sera of domestic animals were positive in 70--84%, of wild animals in 77--100% and of the human population in 91%. These figures include the occurrence of Ab to one St alone as well as to more than one St. A further analysis showed, that Ab to St 3 are definitely dominant especially in sera of animals, whereas the simultaneous occurrence of Ab to all 3 St was more frequently observed in sera of human beings. Other Ab-type combinations were apparently of far less importance. It seems to be significant that the highest infection rate was found in humans (except zebras and warthogs) and that their contact to animals did not result in a higher Ab conversion rate as without such a possibility. The results were discussed under seroepidemiologic aspects and it is concluded that reovirus infections are facultative viral zoonoses.