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Unraveling the influence of LncRNA in gastric cancer pathogenesis: a comprehensive review focus on signaling pathways interplay

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Gastric cancers (GCs) are among the most common and fatal malignancies in the world. Despite our increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC, further biomarkers are still needed for more in-depth examination, focused prognosis, and treatment. GC is one among the long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs, that have emerged as key regulators of the pathophysiology of cancer. This comprehensive review focuses on the diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of GC and their interactions with important intracellular signaling pathways. LncRNAs affect GC-related carcinogenic signaling cascades including pathways for EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, NF-κB, and hypoxia-inducible factor. Dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been associated with multiple characteristics of cancer, such as extended growth, apoptosis resistance, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. For instance, lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19 promote the development of GC via altering these pathways. Beyond their main roles, GC lncRNAs exhibit potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The overview discusses CRISPR/Cas9 genome-modifying methods, antisense oligonucleotides, small molecules, and RNA interference as potential therapeutic approaches to regulate the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). An in-depth discussion of the intricate functions that lncRNAs play in the development of the majority of stomach malignancies is provided in this review. It provides the groundwork for future translational research in lncRNA-based whole processes toward GC by highlighting their carcinogenic effects, regulatory roles in significant signaling cascades, and practical scientific uses as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Medical Oncology (2024) 41:218
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02455-w
REVIEW
Unraveling theinfluence ofLncRNA ingastric cancer pathogenesis:
acomprehensive review focus onsignaling pathways interplay
HananElimam1 · SherifS.AbdelMageed2· AbdulrahmanHatawsh3· RewanMoussa4· AbdullahF.Radwan5·
NourhanElfar6,7· NoraA.A.Alhamshry1· MaiA.Abd‑Elmawla8· OsamaA.Mohammed9· MohamedBakrZaki1·
AhmedS.Doghish10,11
Received: 12 May 2024 / Accepted: 16 July 2024 / Published online: 5 August 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024
Abstract
Gastric cancers (GCs) are among the most common and fatal malignancies in the world. Despite our increasing understand-
ing of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC, further biomarkers are still needed for more in-depth examination, focused
prognosis, and treatment. GC is one among the long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs, that have emerged as key regulators
of the pathophysiology of cancer. This comprehensive review focuses on the diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs
(lncRNAs) in the development of GC and their interactions with important intracellular signaling pathways. LncRNAs affect
GC-related carcinogenic signaling cascades including pathways for EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/
STAT, Hedgehog, NF-κB, and hypoxia-inducible factor. Dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been
associated with multiple characteristics of cancer, such as extended growth, apoptosis resistance, enhanced invasion and
metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. For instance, lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19 promote the
development of GC via altering these pathways. Beyond their main roles, GC lncRNAs exhibit potential as diagnostic and
prognostic biomarkers. The overview discusses CRISPR/Cas9 genome-modifying methods, antisense oligonucleotides, small
molecules, and RNA interference as potential therapeutic approaches to regulate the expression of long noncoding RNAs
(lncRNAs). An in-depth discussion of the intricate functions that lncRNAs play in the development of the majority of stom-
ach malignancies is provided in this review. It provides the groundwork for future translational research in lncRNA-based
whole processes toward GC by highlighting their carcinogenic effects, regulatory roles in significant signaling cascades, and
practical scientific uses as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Keywords Gastric cancer· Pathogenesis· Biomarkers· Signaling pathways
* Hanan Elimam
Hanan.Elimam@fop.usc.edu.eg
* Ahmed S. Doghish
ahmed_doghish@azhar.edu.eg
1 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy,
University ofSadat City, SadatCity32897, Egypt
2 Pharmacology andToxicology Department, Faculty
ofPharmacy, Badr University inCairo (BUC),
BadrCity11829, Cairo, Egypt
3 Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor,
SheikhZayedCity12588, Giza, Egypt
4 Faculty ofMedicine, Helwan University, Cairo11795, Egypt
5 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy, Egyptian
Russian University, BadrCity11829, Cairo, Egypt
6 School ofLife andMedical Sciences, University
ofHertfordshire Hosted byGlobal Academic Foundation,
NewAdministrativeCapital11578, Cairo, Egypt
7 Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Ministry ofHealth
andPopulation, Cairo11567, Egypt
8 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy, Cairo
University, Cairo, Egypt
9 Department ofPharmacology, College ofMedicine,
University ofBisha, 61922Bisha, SaudiArabia
10 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy, Badr
University inCairo (BUC), BadrCity11829, Cairo, Egypt
11 Faculty ofPharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University,
NasrCity11231, Cairo, Egypt
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved.
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... LncRNAs are a class of transcripts longer than two hundred nucleotides that do not code for proteins. They become critical modulators of cellular processes and gene expression (Elazazy et al. 2023;Elimam et al. 2024a). Their potential to interact in interactions with proteins, DNA, and other RNA molecules allows them to manipulate complicated signaling cascades, which in turn influences the fate and conduct of individual cells. ...
... The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway is renowned for its versatility in biological situations. It elicits a broad spectrum of responses, including the orchestration of embryonic tissue development, morphogenesis, and the induction of cytostatic and apoptotic mechanisms in epithelial cells (Baba et al. 2022;Doghish et al. 2024a). Thus, the role of TGF-β signaling in cancer is multifaceted and intricate (Baba et al. 2022). ...
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