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Vol.:(0123456789)
Medical Oncology (2024) 41:218
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02455-w
REVIEW
Unraveling theinfluence ofLncRNA ingastric cancer pathogenesis:
acomprehensive review focus onsignaling pathways interplay
HananElimam1 · SherifS.AbdelMageed2· AbdulrahmanHatawsh3· RewanMoussa4· AbdullahF.Radwan5·
NourhanElfar6,7· NoraA.A.Alhamshry1· MaiA.Abd‑Elmawla8· OsamaA.Mohammed9· MohamedBakrZaki1·
AhmedS.Doghish10,11
Received: 12 May 2024 / Accepted: 16 July 2024 / Published online: 5 August 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024
Abstract
Gastric cancers (GCs) are among the most common and fatal malignancies in the world. Despite our increasing understand-
ing of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC, further biomarkers are still needed for more in-depth examination, focused
prognosis, and treatment. GC is one among the long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs, that have emerged as key regulators
of the pathophysiology of cancer. This comprehensive review focuses on the diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs
(lncRNAs) in the development of GC and their interactions with important intracellular signaling pathways. LncRNAs affect
GC-related carcinogenic signaling cascades including pathways for EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/
STAT, Hedgehog, NF-κB, and hypoxia-inducible factor. Dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been
associated with multiple characteristics of cancer, such as extended growth, apoptosis resistance, enhanced invasion and
metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. For instance, lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19 promote the
development of GC via altering these pathways. Beyond their main roles, GC lncRNAs exhibit potential as diagnostic and
prognostic biomarkers. The overview discusses CRISPR/Cas9 genome-modifying methods, antisense oligonucleotides, small
molecules, and RNA interference as potential therapeutic approaches to regulate the expression of long noncoding RNAs
(lncRNAs). An in-depth discussion of the intricate functions that lncRNAs play in the development of the majority of stom-
ach malignancies is provided in this review. It provides the groundwork for future translational research in lncRNA-based
whole processes toward GC by highlighting their carcinogenic effects, regulatory roles in significant signaling cascades, and
practical scientific uses as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Keywords Gastric cancer· Pathogenesis· Biomarkers· Signaling pathways
* Hanan Elimam
Hanan.Elimam@fop.usc.edu.eg
* Ahmed S. Doghish
ahmed_doghish@azhar.edu.eg
1 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy,
University ofSadat City, SadatCity32897, Egypt
2 Pharmacology andToxicology Department, Faculty
ofPharmacy, Badr University inCairo (BUC),
BadrCity11829, Cairo, Egypt
3 Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor,
SheikhZayedCity12588, Giza, Egypt
4 Faculty ofMedicine, Helwan University, Cairo11795, Egypt
5 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy, Egyptian
Russian University, BadrCity11829, Cairo, Egypt
6 School ofLife andMedical Sciences, University
ofHertfordshire Hosted byGlobal Academic Foundation,
NewAdministrativeCapital11578, Cairo, Egypt
7 Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Ministry ofHealth
andPopulation, Cairo11567, Egypt
8 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy, Cairo
University, Cairo, Egypt
9 Department ofPharmacology, College ofMedicine,
University ofBisha, 61922Bisha, SaudiArabia
10 Department ofBiochemistry, Faculty ofPharmacy, Badr
University inCairo (BUC), BadrCity11829, Cairo, Egypt
11 Faculty ofPharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University,
NasrCity11231, Cairo, Egypt
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