A checklist of under collected ferns and lycophytes found within Nyungwe National Park, Southern Province of Rwanda is presented. Herbarium specimens deposited in the National Herbarium of Rwanda (NHR) were inventoried and taxonomic nomenclature reviewed and updated following the 2016 Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group Classification. The collection includes 893 specimens (810 Polypodiopsida/83 Lycopodiospsida) accessioned including 190 species in 25 families and 76 genera. Additionally, we reviewed specimen data held overseas by Meise Botanical Garden herbarium (BR) as well as data published in the US-based data portals which included specimens deposited in 8 additional herbaria. A taxonomic gap analysis combined and analyzed all data and identified 268 specimens as a sub-collection being collected specifically within the boundary of the Nyungwe National Park which included 102 taxa. Eighteen taxa of ferns and lycophytes were identified to be distributed with the Nyungwe National Park but have not yet been collected and deposited in the National Herbarium Rwanda. These include Lycophytes - Selaginella goudotiana, Selaginella soyauxii, Lepidotis cernua; Ferns - Asplenium anisophyllum, Asplenium burundense, Asplenium ceii, Asplenium christii, Asplenium sertularioides, Crepidomanes inopinatum, Dryopteris kilemensis, Lastreopsis sp., Lonchitis sp., Melpomene flabelliformis, Pityrogramma argentea, Pleopeltis sp., Pteris muricella, Pteris sp., and Xiphopteris flabelliformis. There are an additional 10 taxa which are under-represented in the collection and have only been collected only once. The specimens collected only once include Lycophytes - Huperzia bampsiana, Huperzia dacrydioides, Lycopodium cernua, and; Ferns - Elaphoglossum acrostichoides, Elaphoglossum rwandense, Hymenophyllum kuhnii, Pityrogramma aurantiaca, Sticherus inflexus, Trichomanes borbonicum, and Trichomanes rigidum.
