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Impact of the Mediterranean diet and the consumption of fermented beverages on subjective well-being in different contexts in Spain
Abstract
The relationship between the Mediterranean diet, the consumption of fermented beverages (beer and wine), and subjective well-being in Spain was investigated. Using a cross-sectional study with 2,752 participants, dietary patterns and emotional well-being were evaluated in contexts such as work, the gym, and bars/restaurants. The results showed that context significantly impacts dietary habits and well-being. Participants at the gym adhered more to the Mediterranean diet and reported fewer negative emotions compared to other contexts. Correlation maps indicated that beer consumption was associated with a higher intake of red meat, while wine was related to a higher consumption of fish and seafood. Additionally, the study found that participants following the Mediterranean diet experienced higher levels of emotional well-being, with less frequent negative emotions such as anxiety and anger, and higher levels of life satisfaction, especially in contexts like the gym. These findings suggest that public health interventions should consider contextual factors to promote healthy eating habits and improve emotional well-being, highlighting the importance of the Mediterranean diet in health and the prevention of psychological problems.
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Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar las diferencias en sintomatología depresiva, violencia intrafamiliar y agresión en 801 adolescentes y jóvenes con diferentes niveles de exposición a videojuegos con y sin contenidos vio-lentos. La media de edad de los participantes fue de 17.5 años, el 55.4% eran hombres y 44.6% mujeres. Para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva se utilizó la Cédula del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos, para la violencia intrafamiliar, se diseñó una escala de 16 reactivos que miden: agresión verbal, agresión física, humillación y respeto; en cuanto a la agresión, se diseñó una escala tipo Likert de 13 reactivos con cuatro opciones de respuesta: nunca a siempre. Respecto al uso de videojuegos, se preguntó si los utilizan o no, motivo por el cual los juegan, el tiempo aproximado a la semana que pasan jugándolos, si los videojuegos que utilizan tienen contenido violento y de qué tipo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las variables evaluadas respecto al nivel de exposición de videojuegos con contenido violen-to, donde de manera general los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes que reportaron una mayor exposición (de 11 horas o más por semana) presentaron mayor sintomatología depresiva, agresión y violencia intrafamiliar que aquellos con un menor nivel de exposición. Abstract: The objective of this research was to determine differences on depressive symptoms, family violence and aggression in 801 adolescents and young people with different levels of exposure to video games with and without violent content. The average age of the participants was 17.5 years, of which 55.4% were male and 44.6% female. To assess depressive symptoms , the Certificate Center for Epidemiologic Studies was used, and for domestic violence, a scale was designed from 16 reactants that measure verbal and physical aggression, humiliation and respect; with regards to aggression, a Likert scale was designed from 13 reactants with four-response options: from never to always. And with regards to the use of video games, it was asked whether they use them or not, the motive why they like them, the approximate time a week playing them, and whether those video games have violent content and its type. The results showed significant differences in the variables evaluated as to the level of exposure to video games with violent content, which generally teenagers and young adults who reported higher exposure (more than 11 hours a week) had higher depressive symptoms, aggression and domestic violence than those with a lower level of exposure.
El objetivo del presente estudio es validar el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos (CERV). El cuestionario consta de 17 items, desarrollados a partir del CERI de Beranuy y cols., y valora el uso problematico de los videojuegos no masivos. Se ha validado para adolescentes que cursan estudios de secundaria obligatoria. Para la validacion se ha realizado un analisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y un analisis de consistencia interna. La estructura factorial muestra dos factores a) Dependencia psicologica y uso para la evasion, y b) Consecuencias negativas del uso de videojuegos. Se ofrecen puntos de corte de la escala para sujetos sin problemas en el uso de videojuegos (SP), problemas potenciales en el uso de videojuegos (PP) y problemas severos en el uso de videojuegos (PS). Los resultados indican que se da una mayor prevalencia entre varones y que el uso problematico disminuye con la edad. El CERV parece ser un buen instrumento para el cribado de adolescentes con dificultades derivadas del uso de videojuegos. Estudios futuros deberian relacionar el uso problematico de videojuegos con dificultades en otros ambitos de la vida, como el academico.
Physical inactivity is one of the main problems that today's society, which in the past two decades has led
to a new dimension known as "technological sedentary" to replace the free time spent on physical activity
by using faces TV, computer and game consoles. Therefore the aim of knowing sedentary habits and
patterns of use and consumption of video games on school and university population, checking whether
there are significant differences according to the sex and educational level arises. The sample consisted of
155 individuals with an age range between 10 and 27 years, belonging to the educational stages of
Primary, Secondary and University. Data were collected with a sociodemographic questionnaire,
sedentary behaviors and digital entertainment. The main results of the study show that half of the study
population does not use video games and those who play do mostly one or two days a week. Almost all
subjects studied have console, and more than half have three or more devices. They prefer shooting
games, sports, puzzle and action type.
Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de una población universitaria y analizar diversos factores que pudieran condicionar su calidad nutricional.
Material y métodos: Distribución del test kidmed a una muestra aleatoria de 570 universitarios. El índice kidmed (de 0 a 12) indicaba si la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea era baja (de 0 a 3), media (de 4 a 7) o alta (de 8 a 12).
De cada encuestado se registraba sexo, edad, peso, talla e índice de masa corporal, tipo de residencia y provincia de procedencia.
Resultados: La muestra era de 217 varones y 353 mujeres con edades entre 18 y 25 años. El 9,5% de los universitarios tenían un índice kidmed bajo, el 62,1% intermedio y el 28,4% alto. Aquellos universitarios que vivían en residencia familiar tenían un porcentaje de alta adherencia (35,6%) significativamente superior (p
Conclusiones: El 71,6% de los universitarios necesitaban mejorar su patrón alimentario (adherencia mediabaja a la dieta mediterránea), apreciándose un cierto factor familiar conservador de las costumbres dietéticas tradicionales. Los universitarios con baja adherencia tenían mayor riesgo de sobrepeso. Seria conveniente desarrollar programas de educación nutricional en los curriculum universitarios.
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es conocer los hábitos relacionados con posibles conductas adictivas (juego patológico, Internet, compras, uso del teléfono móvil, etc.) que pueden presentar los jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad de Córdoba (España), y relacionar dichos comportamientos con variables como la edad, el sexo, el curso y las macroáreas de conocimiento (letras y ciencias). Con un diseño expostfacto de grupo único (Montero y León, 2007), se elaboró un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos en el que se incluía el Test de adicción a las compras, el Test de adicción a Internet de Echeburúa (2003), el Cuestionario Breve de Juego Patológico de Fernández-Montalvo y Echeburúa (1997) y algunos ítems sobre el uso del teléfono móvil. Participaron 1011 estudiantes, 42,7% hombres y 57,3% mujeres, con un rango de edad entre los 18 y 29 años. Se dan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la puntuación media obtenida en los cuestionarios y variables como la edad, el sexo, el curso o la macroárea de conocimiento. Parece que ser mujer es un factor protector para la adicción a Internet y al Juego, ser de ciencias es un factor de riesgo para una posible adicción al Juego, ser de letras y tener más edad son factores de riesgo ante una posible adicción a las Compras. En conclusión, los estudiantes encuestados realizan un uso moderado de conductas como navegar por Internet, el juego, las compras y el teléfono móvil, siendo un grupo muy reducido de jóvenes los que sí se encuentran cercanos a tener un problema de adicción con este tipo de comportamientos.
The way emotions are regulated might affect the engagement on risk behaviors in adolescents and young adults. Therefore, studying the relationship between these variables could be of great importance. Some of the less studied risky behaviors are pathological gambling, and Internet and videogame abuse. This research aims to analyze the existing relationship between such risky behaviors, emotion regulation, and dysfunctional psychological symptomatology (depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, somatization, obsessivecompulsive behavior, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism). In addition, it also looks to assess whether emotional regulation plays a mediating role between pathological gambling, and Internet and videogame abuse, and psychological symptomatology. The sample was composed of 1312 young adults and adolescents, aged between 12 and 30, recruited from scholar centers, universities and free time groups, and from associations and centers associated with FEJAR (Spanish Federation of Rehabilitated Gamblers). Participants completed measurements of impulsive behavior, emotion regulation, and dysfunctional symptomatology. Results showed that there is generally a positive and significant relation between these variables. Moreover, it has been pointed out that emotion regulation mediates the association between impulsive behavior and dysfunctional symptomatology among those young adults and adolescents who engage in these impulsive behaviors, except for the relation between videogame abuse and depressive symptomatology. Training in emotional regulation skills could be useful in dealing with and treating this type of behaviors in adolescents and young adults.
To present the results of a longitudinal study of six years with a group of children throughout the primary stage of education based on the relationships between body composition, frequency of food consumption, level of physical activity and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6 year-old children.Method
Monthly weight and height were measured, body mass index (BMI) was calculated and two questionnaires were administered: The Kidmed questionnaire of adherence to the Mediterranean diet for the frequency of food consumption, and the PAQ -C questionnaire for physical activity.Data corresponding to the regression equation of Cole and percentiles according to the tables of CDC Atlanta and the Foundation Orbegozo values were obtained from the BMI. Twice a year, a single frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and a full kinanthropometry were assessed and measurement of energy expenditure was conducted over two consecutive days with an ArmBand calorimeter.ResultsThe main findings of this first year are as follows: Data obtained by BIA and kinanthropometry show a good correlation. The questionnaire data shows that KIDMED does not correlate with anthropometric data or BMI. Data from the PAQ- C and calorimetry show a higher level of activity in boys than in girls even when adjusted to the total body mass.Conclusions
The differences between the three diagnostic criteria of obesity are obvious, so that our global data overweight range between 29 and 44.9% for boys and between 20.3 and 32.4% for girls, depending on the criteria used.
Introduction
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the environment (rural vs. urban) on fitness and anthropometric parameters in elementary education pupils.
Material and method
A total of 509 subjects (290 urban and 219 rural) between 8 and 11 years were selected. Anthropometric variables (weight, height, BMI, weight/height ratio) and physical fitness (handgrip strength, vertical jump, flexibility and maximal oxygen consumption) were evaluated.
Results
The results show lower values in anthropometric variables in the urban population and the best rural results in physical fitness: handgrip strength (15.72 ± 4.10 kg vs 19.78 ± 5.20 kg), flexibility (8.38 ± 4.59 cm vs 17.08 ± 6.24 cm), and maximum oxygen consumption (46.00 ± 4.19 ml/Kg/min vs 46.79 ± 4.49 ml/Kg/min), with no differences for the vertical jump.
Conclusions
The results show that the place of residence (rural vs urban) should be taken into account when implementing effective intervention programs to promote physical activity.
Introduction: University students are vulnerable to poor nutrition; they don't eat snacks between meals, don't eat breakfast or fast for long hours, prefer fast food and don't exercise. University students is considered the key young adult population group for health promotion and prevention for future generations, so it's crucial identify the current nutritional status and frequency of physical activity. Objectives: To determine the factors involved in the choice of food and frequency of physical activity in university students. Methods: 799 volunteers were evaluated from four universities of the fifth region of Chile. Instrument was applied to determine the level of physical activity and eating habits, KIDMED test to determine adherence to the Mediterranean diet and Adimark instrument to determinate the socioeconomic status of the subjects. Finally, anthropometric evaluation to determinate BMI, fat mass and muscle mass. Results: Physical inactivity is higher in women than in men and that the main reason for not exercising is lack of time and laziness. In both sexes don't read nutrition labels and have a low and average adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Discussion: The low knowledge of nutrition is the cause of the poor food quality of subjects and there isn't greater motivation to perform physical activity. Socioeconomic status isn't related to eating habits and physical activity. It's necessary to integrate programs regular and permanent healthy lifestyle in all universities.
Introducción: Los universitarios son un grupo particular, quienes por diversos motivos son vulnerables a una mala
nutrición y a un bajo nivel de ejercicio físico. Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional y algunos componentes
que definen el estilo de vida en este grupo de estudiantes. Métodos: Se evaluaron 323 estudiantes universitarios
pertenecientes a 27 carreras y asistentes a los cursos de “Autocuidado y Vida Saludable” dictados durante el año
2012. Se determino el IMC, la masa grasa a través de la ecuación de Yuhasz de 1974, se aplicó el instrumento para
determinar el nivel de actividad física, el test de Kidmed para la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la prueba
Adimark para el nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: El bajo nivel de ejercicio físico y la baja calidad alimentaria de
estos estudiantes, tienen efectos negativos en su estado de salud. No se pudo establecer el nivel socioeconómico
como factor preponderante en el desarrollo de los malos hábitos, pero al parecer los conocimientos sobre nutrición
afectan la calidad alimentaria. Conclusión: Se apreció en este grupo que dos de los principales componentes
del estilo de vida saludable, el ejercicio y la alimentación, se encuentran deteriorados y podría proyectarse un
empeoramiento de estos factores, transformándose el “ciclo universitario” en un periodo de transición que influye
en el desarrollo de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles, ECNT en la adultez.
Objective: To determine the pattern of food intake among the students of the University of Alicante (UA) by the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Methods: Descriptive trans-sectional study estimating the individual intake by means of a questionnaire of food intake frequency (QFIF) in a representative sample of 380 college students. Study variables: age, gender, geographical area of origin, self-communicated weight and height; types and intake frequencies of the foods included in the QFIF. The percentage of adherence was calculated taking into account the actual intake and the intake recommended in the guideline of traditional Mediterranean diet: 100 x servings consumed/recommended servings. We established 5 ranges of percentage of adherence: optimal intake (80%-119%), acceptable intake (60%-79%), deficient intake (40%-59%), very deficient intake (< 39%), excessive intake (> 120%). We analyzed the differences in proportions distribution and the Student's t test with EPIDAT 3.1 and SPSS 15.0. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity is higher in men (34.6%) than in women (9.8%), p < 0.001, whereas women had higher prevalence of low weight (7.0%) than men (0.7%), p < 0.05. The consumption of grains and derivatives was very deficient (women = 90.6; men = 94.9) whereas the intake of red meats (women = 90.6; men = 92.7) and cold meats (women = 95.9%, men = 96.3%) was excessive. No student had an "optimal intake" or an "acceptable intake" of all the dietary groups (n = 12). Discussion: The educational level and access to the information do not protect the university population from socio-environmental factors that have an influence on their dietary habits. The public health strategies focused on this population group should be strengthen.
Video games are a ubiquitous part of almost all children’s and adolescents’ lives, with 97% playing for at least one hour per day in the United States. The vast majority of research by psychologists on the effects of “gaming” has been on its negative impact: the potential harm related to violence, addiction, and depression. We recognize the value of that research; however, we argue that a more balanced perspective is needed, one that considers not only the possible negative effects but also the benefits of playing these games. Considering these potential benefits is important, in part, because the nature of these games has changed dramatically in the last decade, becoming increasingly complex, diverse, realistic, and social in nature. A small but significant body of research has begun to emerge, mostly in the last five years, documenting these benefits. In this article, we summarize the research on the positive effects of playing video games, focusing on four main domains: cognitive, motivational, emotional, and social. By integrating insights from developmental, positive, and social psychology, as well as media psychology, we propose some candidate mechanisms by which playing video games may foster real-world psychosocial benefits. Our aim is to provide strong enough evidence and a theoretical rationale to inspire new programs of research on the largely unexplored mental health benefits of gaming. Finally, we end with a call to intervention researchers and practitioners to test the positive uses of video games, and we suggest several promising directions for doing so.
The objective of this paper is to develop and validate an instrument to assess the problematic use of new technologies (NT) in youth and adolescents. After the pilot study, an initial questionnaire of 35 items was developed. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 2747 students from 5th grade to 5th university degree. Results from the analysis of reliability (Cronbach Alpha) point in all cases (full scale and subscales) values higher than .70. The appropriate analyses were conducted to establish convergent, clinical and construct validity. The final results point to the convenience to reducing the questionnaire to 26 items. The factorial structure point to seven factors, one for each considered NT (Internet, video games, mobile and television), plus other three, which grouped similar behaviour in the various NT. The suitability of the questionnaire is discusses.
Background Observational cohort studies and a secondary prevention trial have shown an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk. We conducted a randomized trial of this diet pattern for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events. Methods In a multicenter trial in Spain, we randomly assigned participants who were at high cardiovascular risk, but with no cardiovascular disease at enrollment, to one of three diets: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or a control diet (advice to reduce dietary fat). Participants received quarterly individual and group educational sessions and, depending on group assignment, free provision of extra-virgin olive oil, mixed nuts, or small nonfood gifts. The primary end point was the rate of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes). On the basis of the results of an interim analysis, the trial was stopped after a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Results A total of 7447 persons were enrolled (age range, 55 to 80 years); 57% were women. The two Mediterranean-diet groups had good adherence to the intervention, according to self-reported intake and biomarker analyses. A primary end-point event occurred in 288 participants. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96) for the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil (96 events) and the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with nuts (83 events), respectively, versus the control group (109 events). No diet-related adverse effects were reported. Conclusions Among persons at high cardiovascular risk, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular events. (Funded by the Spanish government's Instituto de Salud Carlos III and others; Controlled-Trials.com number, ISRCTN35739639 .).
Innovative intervention programs are needed to overcome the limitations in previous programs that promoted change in diabetes risk behaviors in children. Serious video games show promise of changing dietary and physical activity behaviors, but research is needed on the optimal design of behavior-change procedures in video games, the mechanisms that account for changes obtained, and the groups in which these interventions work best. Such research will permit the optimal design of serious video games for diabetes and obesity prevention in the future.
This paper reviews the current research addressing active videogames and young people’s health. These videogames represent a modern alternative for maintaining an active lifestyle and can be used as new rehabilitation methods. However, they may also negatively influence young people’s health, giving rise to different kinds of injuries, mainly in inactive youngsters with limited physical fitness. This review observes a necessity for sociological and epidemiological studies to gather information about the real impact this growing phenomenon may have on young population’s physical activity levels and injury prevalence. A critical assessment and use of active videogames is necessary to enhance positive influence of these modern technologies on young people’s health, leisure and wellbeing.
We aimed to measure the prevalence and length of the problem of pathological video gaming or Internet use, to identify risk and protective factors, to determine whether pathological gaming is a primary or secondary problem, and to identify outcomes for individuals who become or stop being pathological gamers.
A 2-year, longitudinal, panel study was performed with a general elementary and secondary school population in Singapore, including 3034 children in grades 3 (N = 743), 4 (N = 711), 7 (N = 916), and 8 (N = 664). Several hypothesized risk and protective factors for developing or overcoming pathological gaming were measured, including weekly amount of game play, impulsivity, social competence, depression, social phobia, anxiety, and school performance.
The prevalence of pathological gaming was similar to that in other countries (∼9%). Greater amounts of gaming, lower social competence, and greater impulsivity seemed to act as risk factors for becoming pathological gamers, whereas depression, anxiety, social phobias, and lower school performance seemed to act as outcomes of pathological gaming.
This study adds important information to the discussion about whether video game "addiction" is similar to other addictive behaviors, demonstrating that it can last for years and is not solely a symptom of comorbid disorders.
En: Psicothema Oviedo 2008, v. 20, n. 3 ; p. 376-382 En este trabajo se analiza la integración con los iguales en el contexto escolar de los menores en acogimiento residencial, tanto desde la perspectiva de los iguales como la de los profesores. Mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario sociométrico en 50 aulas y un protocolo de valoración para el profesorado, se compara una muestra de 60 menores en acogimiento residencial con una muestra normativa de 843 menores. Los resultados muestran que los menores en acogimiento residencial obtienen mayores índices de rechazo por parte de los compañeros para las tareas académicas, pero no para las actividades de ocio. Asimismo, en comparación con la muestra normativa, son descritos más frecuentemente con adjetivos negativos. Existe un alto índice de acuerdo entre la valoración de los iguales y la de los profesores en aquellos atributos que son más visibles en el aula. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la mejora de la adaptación escolar de este colectivo, p. 381-382
To evaluate dietary habits in Spanish children and adolescents based on a Mediterranean Diet Quality Index tool, which considers certain principles sustaining and challenging traditional healthy Mediterranean dietary patterns.
Observational population-based cross-sectional study. A 16-item Mediterranean Diet Quality Index was included in data gathered for the EnKid study (in which two 24-hour recalls, a quantitative 169-item food-frequency questionnaire and a general questionnaire about socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle items were administered).
Spain.
In total, 3850 children and youths aged 2-24 years residing in Spain.
Of the sample, 4.2% showed very low KIDMED index results, 49.4% had intermediate values and 46.4% had high index results. Important geographical differences were seen, with subjects from the Northeast showing the most favourable outcomes (52% with elevated scores vs. 37.5% of those from the North). Lower percentages of high diet quality were observed in low socio-economic groups, compared with middle and upper income cohorts (42.8%, 47.6% and 54.9%, respectively). Large cities had more positive results and only slight variations were seen for gender and age.
The KIDMED index, the first to evaluate the adequacy of Mediterranean dietary patterns in children and youth, confirms that this collective is undergoing important changes, which makes them a priority target for nutrition interventions. Results challenge certain commonly perceived notions tied to income level, population size and diet quality.
To evaluate the correspondence of diet and lifestyle to the Mediterranean model in two groups of Italian and Spanish university students.
A cross-sectional nutritional survey to determine BMI, dietary habits (FFQ), energy daily expenditure and lifestyle (SenseWear Armband; BodyMedia Inc.), and to define the Mediterranean diet quality index (MDQI) in the different student groups.
Bologna (Italy) and León (Spain).
The survey was carried out on 210 (105 Italian; 105 Spanish) university students (mean age 27.0 (sd 3.8) years) of two different Mediterranean areas, Bologna (Italy) and León (Spain).
The frequency of consumption of some food groups showed differences related to nationality and gender. Some classic Mediterranean foods such as cereals and vegetables were generally consumed more frequently by Italian students; others such as fish and pulses by Spanish students. Percentage of overweight was higher among Spanish students in spite of their higher physical activity level.
Young generations seem to give up the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern, adopting new dietary trends. Overweight appears to be related not only to physical activity level, but also to the poor MDQI.
El sedentarismo asociado a las nuevas tecnologías es uno de los principales factores relacionados con la obesidad infantil. Este estudio propone aliarnos con las mismas para realizar actividad física y combatir dicho problema. La investigación contó 623 participantes en edad escolar, lo que permitió el registro y valoración de la relación existente entre hábitos sedentarios relacionados con las videoconsolas y el grado de sobrepeso de esta muestra. Para recoger los datos de las variables se utilizaron diversos instrumentos (cuestionario de elaboración propia, cintra métrica y báscula). Los resultados indicaron que un sexto de la población estudiada tenía exceso de peso y que la mayoría tenía videoconsola. Igualmente, se demostró que 6 de cada 10 encuestados preferían los videojuegos con movimiento frente a los tradicionales. Además, aparecieron diferencias estadísticas entre los tipos de juegos y la frecuencia de juego; manifestando que los escolares que jugaban de forma cotidiana preferían los «exergames».AbstractA sedentary lifestyle associated with new technologies is one of the main factors related to current childhood obesity; therefore, this study proposes to use these technologies to do physical activity and combat this problem. The research was carried out using 623 school children, which allowed for the recording and assessment of the relationship between various sedentary habits related to consoles and the level of obesity that a group of school children have. We used several measuring instruments to collect the data of the variables (such as test, measuring tape and scales). The results indicated that one-sixth of the study's population was overweight and most of children had a console. Also, the investigation showed that 6 out of 10 respondents preferred videogames with motion versus traditional videogames. In addition, the study evinced statistical differences in the kind of games and frequency of play; manifesting that frequent players preferred the «exergames».
La identificación de los hábitos de consumo de videojuegos es una de las dimensiones a tener en cuenta de cara entender el contexto psicosocial y educativo los jóvenes. La bibliografía revisada en español ha utilizado habitualmente instrumentos de medida ad hoc, de cuestionable rigurosidad. Presentamos un cuestionario para identificar los hábitos de consumo de videojuegos entre los preadolescentes. El instrumento fue aplicado a 316 alumnos de tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria. Los resultados muestran una elevada fiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach .915), y la existencia de 4 factores. En conclusión, se trata de un instrumento útil para evaluar los hábitos de consumo de videojuegos por parte de los preadolescentes.
Background:
Youth spend more time with screens than any activity except sleeping. Screen time is a risk factor for obesity, possibly because of the influence of food and beverage advertising on diet.
Objective:
We sought to assess longitudinal relations of screen time [ie, television, electronic games, digital versatile discs (DVDs)/videos, and total screen time] with the 2-y changes in consumption of foods of low nutritional quality (FLNQ) that are commonly advertised on screens [ie, sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, sweets, salty snacks, and the sum of these foods (total FLNQ)] and fruit and vegetables.
Design:
With the use of 2004, 2006, and 2008 waves of the Growing Up Today Study II, which consisted of a cohort of 6002 female and 4917 male adolescents aged 9-16 y in 2004, we assessed screen time (change and baseline) in relation to the 2-y dietary changes. Regression models included 4604 girls and 3668 boys with complete screen time and diet data on ≥2 consecutive questionnaires.
Results:
Each hour-per-day increase in television, electronic games, and DVDs/videos was associated with increased intake of total FLNQ (range: 0.10-0.28 servings/d; P < 0.05). Each hour-per-day increase in total screen time predicted increased intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, sweets, and salty snacks (range: 0.02-0.06 servings/d; P < 0.001) and decreased intakes of fruit and vegetables (range: -0.05 to -0.02 servings/d; P < 0.05). Greater screen time at baseline (except electronic games in boys) was associated with subsequent increased intake of total FLNQ, and greater screen time at baseline (except DVDs/videos) was associated with decreased intake of fruit and vegetables (P < 0.05). Across sex and food groups and in sensitivity analyses, television was most consistently associated with dietary changes.
Conclusions:
Increases in screen time were associated with increased consumption of foods and beverages of low nutritional quality and decreased consumption of fruit and vegetables. Our results caution against excessive use of screen media, especially television, in youth.
In recent years, interest in the travel behavior of students in institutions of higher education has grown. It has been noted that students tend to use a variety of transportation modes, including active travel, more frequently than other population segments. Investigating the modal choice of university students provides a unique opportunity to understand a population that has a large proportion of active commuters at a major trip-generating location. In turn, this can provide valuable insights into the factors that influence active travel. In this paper, we report the results of a mode choice analysis among university students, using as a case study McMaster University, in Hamilton, Canada. The results from this research indicate that modal choices are influenced by a combination of cost, individual attitudes, and environmental factors such as street and sidewalk density. A key finding is that travel time by car and bicycle positively affect the utilities of these modes, although at a decreasing rate as travel time increases. While the positive utility of time spent traveling by car has been documented in other settings, our analysis provides evidence of the intrinsic value that cyclists place on their trip experience. Examples of transportation policy measures suggested by the analysis are discussed.
The aim of this work was to characterize food habits of Spanish University students and to assess the quality of their diet and some possible determinant factors according to Mediterranean food pattern among other indices. 284 enrolled students during the academic year 2012/2013 participated in this survey. For each individual a questionnaire involving anthropometric measurements, types of housing, smoking habits and level of physical activity was self-reported. Food consumption was gathered by two non-consecutive 24 hour recalls including one weekend day. 72.5% of students showed BMI within the normal range and 75% of the sample reflected a sedentary lifestyle or low physical activity. The percentage of total energy from each macronutrient was approximately 17% proteins, 40% carbohydrates and 40% lipids. The ratio of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fat only reached 0.32. Cholesterol consumption in men exceeded the intake in women by 70 mg/day but nutritional objectives were exceeded in both genders. The main source of protein had an animal origin from meat (38.1%), followed by cereals (19.4%) and dairy products (15.6%). The assessment of diet quality conducted by Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) revealed a low-intermediate score in both (51.2 ±12.8 and 4.0 ±1.5, respectively). The main deviations from Mediterranean pattern were a low intake of vegetables and fruit and a high consumption of meat and dairy products. According to HEI classification, 96.1% of subjects scored "poor" or "need improvement" about the quality of their diet and only 5.3% of students achieved a high adherence to Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to foster changes toward a healthier diet pattern according to cultural context in this population for preventing cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
Objective:
This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively synthesize all studies that examine the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of stroke, depression, cognitive impairment, and Parkinson disease.
Methods:
Potentially eligible publications were those providing effect estimates of relative risk (RR) for the association between Mediterranean diet and the aforementioned outcomes. Studies were sought in PubMed up to October 31, 2012. Maximally adjusted effect estimates were extracted; separate analyses were performed for high and moderate adherence.
Results:
Twenty-two eligible studies were included (11 covered stroke, 9 covered depression, and 8 covered cognitive impairment; only 1 pertained to Parkinson's disease). High adherence to Mediterranean diet was consistently associated with reduced risk for stroke (RR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.57-0.89), depression (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.54-0.86), and cognitive impairment (RR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.43-0.83). Moderate adherence was similarly associated with reduced risk for depression and cognitive impairment, whereas the protective trend concerning stroke was only marginal. Subgroup analyses highlighted the protective actions of high adherence in terms of reduced risk for ischemic stroke, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and particularly Alzheimer disease. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the protective effects of Mediterranean diet in stroke prevention seemed more sizeable among males. Concerning depression, the protective effects of high adherence seemed independent of age, whereas the favorable actions of moderate adherence seemed to fade away with more advanced age.
Interpretation:
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may contribute to the prevention of a series of brain diseases; this may be of special value given the aging of Western societies.
ABSTRACT We examine the inter-regional migration of university graduates from 1991 to 2003 in Finland. The results show that time matters: two-years before and during the graduation year the hazard rates of migration increase, and then decrease thereafter. Although university graduates are particularly mobile, we find that most of them do not move from their region of studies within 10 years after graduation. The out-migration, i.e., brain drain, is much higher among graduates in the more peripheral universities than in the growth centers (Helsinki in particular). Migration is also substantially more likely for those studying away from the home region than for those studying at home.
Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología. Leída el 18 de diciembre de 2007
To provide empirical data-driven identification of a group of addicted online gamers.
Repeated cross-sectional survey study, comprising a longitudinal cohort, conducted in 2008 and 2009.
Secondary schools in the Netherlands.
Two large samples of Dutch schoolchildren (aged 13-16 years).
Compulsive internet use scale, weekly hours of online gaming and psychosocial variables.
This study confirms the existence of a small group of addicted online gamers (3%), representing about 1.5% of all children aged 13-16 years in the Netherlands. Although these gamers report addiction-like problems, relationships with decreased psychosocial health were less evident.
The identification of a small group of addicted online gamers supports efforts to develop and validate questionnaire scales aimed at measuring the phenomenon of online video game addiction. The findings contribute to the discussion on the inclusion of non-substance addictions in the proposed unified concept of 'Addiction and Related Disorders' for the DSM-V by providing indirect identification and validation of a group of suspected online video game addicts.
Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y su relación con el índice de masa corporal en universitarios de Galicia
- J De La Montaña
- L Castro
- N Cobas
- M Rodríguez
- M Mínguez
De la Montaña J, Castro L, Cobas N, Rodríguez M, Mínguez M. Adherencia
a la dieta mediterránea y su relación con el índice de masa corporal en
universitarios de Galicia. Nutr Clín Diet Hosp 2012;32(3):72-80.
Cambios en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de los Grados de Enfermería y de Magisterio tras cursar una asignatura de Nutrición
- M Rodrigo
- J M Ejeda
- M P González
- M T Mijancos
Rodrigo M, Ejeda JM, González MP, Mijancos MT. Cambios en la adherencia a
la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes de los Grados de Enfermería y de Magisterio tras cursar una asignatura de Nutrición. Nutr Hosp 2014;30(5):1173-80.
Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes rurales y urbanos del sur de España, satisfacción con la vida, antropometría y actividades físicas y sedentarias
- A Grao-Cruces
- A Nuviala
- A Fernández-Martínez
- A M Porcel-Gálvez
- J E Moral-García
- E J Martínez-López
Grao-Cruces A, Nuviala A, Fernández-Martínez A, Porcel-Gálvez AM,
Moral-García JE, Martínez-López EJ. Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes rurales y urbanos del sur de España, satisfacción
con la vida, antropometría y actividades físicas y sedentarias. Nutr Hosp
2013;28(3):1129-35.
Hábitos de estudiantes universitarios en el uso de internet
- S J Samaniego
- N A Chavarría
- S D Bustillos
- S R Solís
- C J Luna
Samaniego SJ, Chavarría NA, Bustillos SD, Solís SR, Luna CJ. Hábitos de
estudiantes universitarios en el uso de internet. Nova Rua 2015;4(7):21-24.
Influencia de hábitos saludables en el estado ponderal de niños y adolescentes en edad escolar
- San Mauro
- I Megías
- A García
- B Bodega
- P Rodríguez
- P Grande
San Mauro I, Megías A, García B, Bodega P, Rodríguez P, Grande G, et al.
Influencia de hábitos saludables en el estado ponderal de niños y adolescentes en edad escolar. Nutr Hosp 2015;31(5):1996-2005.