No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Implementation of Wasiat Wajibah as a Means of Inheritance for Non-Moslem Heirs
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Al-Qur'an, Hadith, and KHI have determined that religious differences are a barrier to inheritance. Along with the development of the era, the phenomenon of religious differences between heirs and heirs is increasingly found, so it is necessary to have a permanent law that regulates it. Therefore, the Supreme Court established Supreme Court Jurisprudence Number 1/Yur/Ag of 2018 concerning the granting of obligatory wills to non-Muslim heirs. On the other hand, if this law is not examined more deeply, it will seem to be at odds with the regulations in Islamic inheritance law. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Supreme Court Jurisprudence Number 1/Yur/Ag of 2018 from the perspective of Islamic fiqh law. Researchers used a qualitative approach with normative Islamic law research methods, namely legal clinical and data collection methods, namely literature studies and processed using content analysis methods. The result of this research is MA Juridprudence No. 1/Yur/Ag 2018 does not conflict with Islamic inheritance law because these non-Muslims do not become heirs but receive a mandatory will because a mandatory will can be given to anyone regardless of their religion
Perbedaan agama dalam sebuah keluarga pada masyarakat Indonesia tidak bisa dielakkan karena Indonesia bersifat pluralis. Namun demikian, dalam pandangan Islam, hal ini akan berdampak kepada masalah kewarisan dimana perbedaan agama merupakan salah satu penghalang untuk mendapatkan warisan. Untuk mengatasi hal ini kebanyakan hakim memberikan harta warisan kepada ahli waris yang berbeda agama melalui wasiat wajibah. Namun, dalam kasus ini, hakim tidak memberikan wasiat wajibah kepada ahli waris yang berbeda agama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui alasan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara tersebut dan menganalisis putusan yang diambil dalam perspektif syara’. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian gabungan antara kajian yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris dimana peneliti mencoba menganalisis putusan hakim yang bersifat yuridis empiris berdasarkan kepada perspektif syara’. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim memutuskan tidak memberikan wasiat wajibah kepada ahli waris yang berbeda agama berlandaskan kepada KHI pasal e tentang kualifikasi ahli waris. Putusan ini sudah sesuai dengan syara’ karena tidak bertentangan dengan hadits dan asas dalam hukum kewarisan Islam bersifat ijbari yang tidak bisa dikompromikan kecuali dengan dalil lain.
Religious differences are one of the things that can cause a person to not be able to receive inheritance. Similarly, as stated by Rasullah SAW. Badung religious court judges view that the Hadith is only a suggestion, not an order. In the hadith, it is not clear what infidels are not allowed to receive inheritance. While the Prophet Muhammad always distinguishes someone's disbelief class. In the verses of the Holy Qur'an does not emphasize the prohibition of inheriting mutual inheritance for heirs of different religions. The contents of the Compilation of Islamic Law also do not regulate exactly about inheritance rights for non-Muslim family members. So far it is still a hot topic that is always debated among Ulama and the community. Based on this problem, the Badung Religious Court through its stipulation Number: 4/Pdt.P/201/PA.Bdg dated 7 March 2013 made a breakthrough in Islamic inheritance law, namely establishing Muslims as heirs of apostate heirs, as well as providing part of inheritance in forms of wills are mandatory for heirs of different religions. The formulation of the problem in this study is How is the legal logic of the Judge in the determination of Number: 4/Pdt. /2013 PA.Bdg dated 7 March 2013 related to the settlement of cases of inheritance of different religions and the application of mandatory wills as a way out? This research uses normative legal research methods. The author uses Gustav Radburch's legal goals theory which includes justice, expediency, and legal certainty. Based on the results of the study found that in the compilation of Islamic law does not regulate to whom the heir property that has lapsed can be given. Religious differences as a barrier to inheritance are specifically addressed to heirs. So it can be concluded that Muslim heirs can inherit the assets of non-Muslim heirs, but not vice versa. In this study, although non-Muslim heirs cannot inherit property from Muslim heirs, in order to fulfill a sense of justice and humanity, the non-Muslim heirs still obtain inheritance through compulsory wills whose processes are based on court decisions. The will is obliged to be determined as a way out in the delivery of inheritance to non-Muslim heirs because the heir has died, and there is no other way to be able to transfer the heir's assets to the non-Muslim heirs.Perbedaan agama merupakan salah satu hal yang dapat menyebabkan seseorang tidak bisa menerima harta warisan. Demikian seperti yang dihadistkan Rasullah SAW. Majelis Hakim pengadilan agama badung memandang Hadist tersebut hanya bersifat anjuran, bukan suatu perintah. Di dalam hadist tersebut tidak diperjelas lagi kafir yang bagaimana yang tidak diperbolehkan menerima harta warisan. Sementara Nabi Muhammad SAW selalu membedakan golongan kekafiran seseorang. Didalam ayat suci Al-Qur’an tidak menegaskan larangan saling mewarisi bagi ahli waris yang berbeda agama. Kandungan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, juga tidak mengatur secara pasti mengenai hak kewarisan bagi anggota keluarga non muslim. Sehingga sampai saat ini masih menjadi topik hangat yang selalu diperdebatkan di kalangan Ulama dan masyarakat. Atas permasalahan inilah maka Pengadilan Agama Badung melalui penetapannya Nomor: 4/Pdt.P/2013/PA.Bdg tanggal 7 Maret 2013 melakukan terobosan terhadap hukum kewarisan Islam, yaitu menetapkan orang muslim sebagai ahliwaris dari pewaris yang telah murtad, serta memberikan bagian harta warisan dalam bentuk wasiat wajibah kepada ahliwaris yang berbeda agama. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana logika hukum Hakim dalam penetapan Nomor: 4/Pdt.P/2013 PA.Bdg tanggal 7 Maret 2013 terkait penyelesaian kasus waris beda agama dan penerapan wasiat wajibah sebagai jalan keluarnya? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Penulis menggunakan teori tujuan hukum Gustav Radburch yang mencakup keadilan, kemanfaatan, dan kepastian hukum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa didalam kompilasi hukum Islam tidak mengatur kepada siapakah harta pewaris yang telah murtad dapat diberikan. Perbedaan agama sebagai penghalang untuk dapat mewarisi adalah khusus ditujukan kepada ahliwaris. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa ahliwaris muslim dapat mewarisi harta pewaris non muslim, tetapi tidak sebaliknya. Dalam penelitian ini, meskipun ahliwaris non muslim tidak dapat mewarisi harta dari pewaris muslim, demi memenuhi rasa keadilan dan rasa kemanusiaan, ahliwaris non muslim tersebut tetap mendapatkan harta warisan melalui wasiat wajibah yang prosesnya berdasarkan penetapan pengadilan. Wasiat wajibah ditetapkan sebagai jalan keluar dalam pemberian harta warisan kepada ahliwaris non muslim karena pewaris telah meninggal dunia, dan tidak ada cara lain untuk dapat mengalihkan harta pewaris kepada ahliwaris yang non muslim.
Sekarang ini, banyak pergeseran nilai terjadi dan pada akhirnya akan berpengaruh terhadap syariah termasuk hukum kewarisan Islam. Hal ini yang mendorong para pemikir Islam untuk melakukan rekonstruksi agar hukum Islam shalih likulli zaman wa makan dapat dirasakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kedudukan maqashid yang digunakan dalam merekonstruksi hukum Islam di bidang kewarisan dan bagaimana posisi maqashid pada beberapa masalah dalam kewarisan Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan content analysis dalam menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa maqashid yang terdapat dalam rekonstruksi hukum kewarisan Islam terutama dalam pembagian laki-laki dan perempuan adalah untuk mencapai keadilan yang merata, sementara pada pemberian wasiat wajibah kepada ahli waris non muslim dalam rangka memelihara keturunan. Sedangkan maqashid yang dikehendaki oleh Islam sendiri terhadap kedua persoalan tersebut adalah keadilan berimbang dan memelihara agama. Oleh karena itu, perlunya pengkajian ulang terhadap rekonstruksi suatu hukum agar tidak mencederai ketentuan syariah itu sendiri.
The aim in this article is to determine the method of normative and empirical legal research with the typical characteristics of the methods of researching Law. The approach used qualitative methods through the study of literature. Based on the research findings and discussion, it can be concluded, first, science law (jurisprudence) and all sub-study with him in a large family study of the law, no matter how controversial as as a discipline independent and peculiar (sui generis), part from the humanities and social sciences, as well as natural science (exact) and social sciences which has had an undeniable place in the branches of science. Science of law must be recognized as having the research methods typical and unique, in terms of interest / usefulness to do a research in the field of law, both theoretical and practical, or of how to look at the science of law as a discipline prescriptive and applied, as well as from the point of view of human behavior relating to the existence of the law. Secondly, the penstudi law should realize the importance of legal research which is the authority, even advised not to leave, ie normative legal research / doctrinal, both from the point of view of the approach commom law system (statutes approach, case approach, historical approach, comparative approach and conceptual approach) as well as from the standpoint of research form the principles of law, the synchronization of legislation and others. which has been used as a handle by penstudi law in Indonesia and tend intended for academic interest. Third, the differences in conceptions, notions in the study of legal research in various law schools and high schools of law, especially for academic interest (thesis and dissertation), the main question is whether or not a uniformity is realized, or let it all by referring to the belief respective legal research on how it thinks best. Keywords: Research Methods law, Legal Normative and Empirical
Abstrak: Peralihan harta selain kewarisan dalamIslam salah satunya dikenal dengan wasiat, yaitu dengan cara berpesan seseorang terhadap sebagian harta kekayaannya pada saat seseorang tersebut masih hidup dan berlaku setelah meninggalnya pewasiat.Salah satu bentuk wasiat ialah wasiat yang berupa honorarium.Wasiat honorarium adalah wasiat yang berasal dari pokok harta peninggalan mayit, dan jenis ini masuk dalam wasiat yang berupa benda yang mempunyai ukuran tertentu yang harus di berikan kepada orang yang berhak menerima wasiat yang telah di wasiatkan oleh seseorang sebelum ia meninggaldunia, seperti angsuran tahunan, bulanan, atau harian, yang tidak berbeda dengan wasiat pada umum nya hanyasajaiamenggunakan system angsuran. Wasiat berupa honorarium ini umumnya dikenal di wilayah timur seperti Mesir. Mengenai batas waktu pemberian wasiat berupa honorarium ini terdapat perbedaan pendapat Wahbah Az-zuhaili yang mengatakan bahwa wasiat honorarium tidak boleh melebihi dua (2) generasi jika lebih maka untuk generasi selebihnya dianggap batal. Untuk memperoleh jawaban dari hal tersebut maka dalam Penelitian ini penulis menggunakan kepustakaan (library Research)dan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriktif-analisis-kompratif, yaitu menggambarkan konsep pemikiran wahbah Az-Zuhaili tentang wasiat berupa Honorarium berikut dengan landasan hukumnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa. Wasiat berupa Honorarium sama seperti wasiat lainnya hanya saja berbeda dalam pemberiannya yang dilakukan secara berangsur-angsur. Wahbah Az-Zuhaili menggunakan metode istimbat hukum maqasid syari’ah (Dharuriyat) yaitu kepentingan untuk memelihara harta. Dalam hal ini pemeliharaan harta si pewasiat yang akan diwasiatkan kepada penerimanya harus dapat dipastikan sampai untuk yang berhak. Pemberian wasiat secara berangsur-angsur dilakukan agar harta yang diwasiatkan dapat membawa manfaat untuk jangka waktu yang lama sehingga tidak sia-sia. Dan juga pemberian wasiat dengan jalan angsuran sering terjadi dalam kasus si penerima wasiat yang masih berada dibawah umur yang mana ia tidak dapat menggunakan hartanya secara baik, maka oleh sebab itu untuk menghindari pemanfaatan dari pihak lain jalan terbaik adalah dengan angsuran sesuai kebutuhan si penerima wasiat namun tidak melebihi dari sepertiga harta yang dimiliki keseluruhan si pewasiat tentunya.Abstract: The transition of treasures other than religious in Islam, one of which is known as a testament, is through a message of some of its wealth when the person is alive and occurs after the death of a testament. One form of wills is an honorarium. The honorarium will be a testament derived from a Mayite estate, and this type is entered into a will which has a certain size that must be given to the person who has the right to accept a will that has been waged by a person before he passed away, such as annual, monthly, or daily installments, which is no different from his generalized wills in his general drifting system installments. Wills in the form of honorarium is commonly known in the eastern regions such as Egypt. As for the deadline for this honorarium, there is a difference in the opinion of Wahbah Az-Zuhaili who said that an honorarium will not exceed two (2) generations if more then for the other generation is considered void. To obtain an answer from this, in this research the author uses library Research and is done using the method-analysis-comparative methods, namely, describing the concept of the thought of the Wahbah Az-Zuhaili of wills in the form of Honorarium with its legal basis. The results showed that. Wills in the form of the Honorarium is just as other wills are only different in the grade given. Wahbah Az-Zuhaili uses the special method of law Maqasid Syari'ah (Dharuriyat), which is the interest to preserve wealth. In this case, the maintenance of the property will be disclosed to the recipient must be ensured to the right. Probate will gradually be done so that the declared property can bring benefits for a long period so it is not in vain. And also the provision of a will in installments often occur in the case of the recipient who is still under the age of which he is not able to use his property properly, therefore to avoid the utilization of the other parties the best way is in installments according to the needs of the recipient but not exceeding the third property owned by the wills, of course.
This study discussed the problem of the indigenous law community existence in Indonesia, and the dynamics of the indigenous law community viewed from the Acts of Constitutional Court. This study was focused to analyze two matters, namely: First, how is the existence of the indigenous law community in Indonesia? Second, how does the indegenous law community take the Acts of Constitutional Court? This study used the statute approach. In addition, case study approach was also used to find the ratio decidendi used by the judges of Constitutional Court in adjudicating the statute test case related to the indigenous law community. The result of the research concluded that: first, the existence of the indigenous law community in Indonesia had already been accomodated in the prevailing laws of regulations including the 1945 Constitution of Republic Indonesia, Acts, Regional Regulations, Governors’ Decrees, and Heads of Regions’ Decrees. Second, the law politics of the indigenous law community took the Acts of Constitutional Court as strengthening the existence of the indigenous law community in Indonesia by providing the interpretation or explanation.
Metode Penelitian dan Penulisan Hukum
- Sri Mamudji
Sri Mamudji, et.al., Metode Penelitian dan Penulisan Hukum, (Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas
Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2005), page 9-10.
Analisis Filosofis Tentang Peta Konseptual Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Penelitian Hukum Sosiologis
- Zulfadli Barus
Zulfadli Barus. "Analisis Filosofis Tentang Peta Konseptual Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan
Penelitian Hukum Sosiologis". Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, Vol. 13, No. 2, page 313, 2014.
tp://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2013.13.2.212
Jurisprudence Enforceability on Judicial Review Authority in the Constitutional Court Decision
- Oly Vina
Oly Vina Agustine. "Jurisprudence Enforceability on Judicial Review Authority in the
Constitutional Court Decision". Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 15, No. 3, page 644, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v3i1.30727
Tinjauan Hukum Surat Wasiat Dalam Penyerahannya oleh Orang Lain ke Notaris
- Monica Sriastuti
Monica Sriastuti Agustina. "Tinjauan Hukum Surat Wasiat Dalam Penyerahannya oleh Orang Lain
ke
Notaris",
Jurnal
Fakultas
Hukum
Universitas
Tulungagung,
page
55.
https://doi.org/10.36563/yustitiabelen.v6i1.224.
Yurisprudensi Wasiat Wajibah
- Agung Putusan Mahkamah
Putusan Mahkamah Agung, "Yurisprudensi Wasiat Wajibah", No. 721 K/Ag/ 2015 dated
November 19, 2015.
Yurisprudensi Wasiat Wajibah" Putusan Mahkamah Agung
- Agung Putusan Mahkamah
Putusan Mahkamah Agung, "Yurisprudensi Wasiat Wajibah" Putusan Mahkamah Agung,
"Yurisprudensi Wasiat Wajibah", No. 16K/Ag/2010 dated April 16, 2010.
- Kamaruddin
Kamaruddin, "Penerapan Wasiat Wajibah Bagi Ahli Waris Non-Muslim (Studi Kasus Perkara No.
16K/Ag/2010),
Mizani,
Vol.
25,
No.
2,
page
23,
Aug.
2015.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mzn.v2i2.79