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Volume 7 Issue 25 (June 2024) PP. 238-251
DOI: 10.35631/IJEMP.725020
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
(IJEMP)
www.ijemp.com
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF SKIN CARE AMONG
PHARMACY STUDENTS
Siti Nur Fadzilah Muhsain1*, Nur ‘Ainun Mokhtar 2, Siti Nur Fathini Muhsain 3, Amirah Rosli 4,
Amni Syifa Saipol 5, Anis Sofea Ramli 6, Maryam Izzati Zulkarnain 7, Wan Nordini Hasnor Wan
Ismail 8
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang,
MALAYSIA
Email: sitinurfadzilah077@uitm.edu.my
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200Pulau Pinang,
MALAYSIA
Email: nurain2942@uitm.edu.my
3
Department of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus
Permatang Pauh, 13500 Pulau Pinang MALAYSIA
Email: fathini@uitm.edu.my
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang,
MALAYSIA
Email: 2023817436@student.uitm.edu.my
5
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang,
MALAYSIA
Email: 2023867782@student.uitm.edu.my
6
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang,
MALAYSIA
Email: 2023695958@student.uitm.edu.my
7
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang,
MALAYSIA
Email: 2023873916@student.uitm.edu.my
8
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang Kampus Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang,
MALAYSIA
Email: nordini.hasnor@uitm.edu.my
*
Corresponding Author
Volume 7 Issue 25 (June 2024) PP. 238-251
DOI: 10.35631/IJEMP.725020
Copyright © GLOBAL ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE (M) SDN BHD - All rights reserved 239
Article Info:
Abstract:
Article history:
Received date: 18.04.2024
Revised date: 13.05.2024
Accepted date: 15.06.2024
Published date: 30.06.2024
To cite this document:
Muhsain, S. N. F., Mokhtar, N. A.,
Muhsain, S. N. F., Rosli, A., Saipol,
A. S., Ramli, A. S., Zulkarnain, M. I.,
& Wan Ismail, W. N. H. (2024).
Knowledge and Practices of Skin Care
Among Pharmacy Students.
International Journal of
Entrepreneurship and Management
Practices, 7 (25), 238-251.
DOI: 10.35631/IJEMP.725020.
This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0
Skin care is integral for maintaining skin health and functionality, involving
routines like cleansing, moisturising, and appropriate photoprotection.
Pharmacy students, as future healthcare providers, play a crucial role to
influence public perceptions and behaviours regarding skin health.
Furthermore, an efficacious skin care regimen can have a positive impact on
students’ quality of life which in turn can potentially affect their academic
performance. To evaluate the awareness and practices related to skin care, a
cross-sectional survey was conducted online among 154 Diploma of Pharmacy
students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Pulau Pinang. The
survey employed a mix of close-ended and open-ended questions to assess
participants' knowledge regarding skin care, with data analysed using IBM
SPSS software version 22. Among the 154 respondents, 80.5% were female,
and the remaining 19.5% were male, with ages ranging from 19 to 23 years. A
notable 95% of students recognised the importance of appropriate skin care for
cleansing and moisturising, while 67.5% reported adhering to a proper daily
skin care routine. Most agreed that improper practices could lead to various
skin issues. Additionally, while 33.8% were unaware of the ideal sunscreen
protection, 66.2% knew it should range between SPF 30 to 50. The majority
relied heavily on the internet (95.5%) and influencers (74.7%) for skin care
information. In terms of practice, students commonly washed their hands
before skin care, and a significant portion (66%) believed that ideally, the face
should be washed twice or more daily. Furthermore, 75.3% used cosmetic
products, with the primary skin care products being cleansers (92.9%),
sunscreen (84.4%), and moisturisers (77.9%). In conclusion, the study
indicates satisfactory levels of knowledge and practice regarding skin care
among participating students. Nonetheless, there is an opportunity to introduce
additional educational programs aimed at enhancing students' understanding of
appropriate skin care practices.
Keywords:
Skin Care, Knowledge, Practices, Students
Introduction
Skin acts as a vital defense against various external threats, such as pathogens and
environmental factors like sunlight and radiation (Michalak et al., 2021). Proper skin care
practices are crucial for maintaining skin integrity and health, emphasising on protection and
repair (Draelos, 2021). These practices, that include cleansing, moisturising, and UV
protection, are essential for preserving skin's structural and functional integrity, which promote
overall well-being, and reducing risks of infection. Establishing a simple skin care routine,
especially during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, is critical to prevent long-term
damage (Upadhay et al., 2021; Nitiyarom et al., 2021).
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Skin care awareness plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health and promoting overall well-
being, particularly among students, that could potentially affect their academic performance.
Indeed, understanding the knowledge and practices of skin care among Pharmacy students is
crucial due to their pivotal role in patient counselling and adherence, especially to
dermatological treatments. Consequently, enhancing pharmacy curricula to focus on skin care,
can improve students' confidence and real-world application of knowledge that ultimately
benefiting patient care.
Despite the crucial importance of understanding and practicing proper skin care, research in
this area remains notably limited, especially among Pharmacy students in Malaysia. The
majority of existing studies tend to focus predominantly on the purchasing behaviours
associated with skincare products. This gap in the literature has prompted the present study,
which aims to assess the knowledge and practices of skin care among Diploma of Pharmacy
students at Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang (UiTMCPP).
Literature Review
Skin
The skin, accounting for approximately 15% of total body weight, plays a pivotal role in
protecting the body against external and internal threats while fulfilling sensory, regulatory,
and protective functions (Benedetti, 2022, Yousef et al., 2022). Its complex structure and
cellular composition enable it to perform these multifaceted roles efficiently.
Skin Damage
The World Health Organization has identified over 1000 skin diseases, underscoring the
profound importance of skin health across the lifespan (Pilkington et al., 2020). In particular,
sensitive areas like the face require meticulous care to mitigate various forms of damage,
including inflammation, premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and acne (Kouassi et al., 2022).
These conditions not only compromise quality of life but also have significant psychological
ramifications (Chilicka et al., 2022).
Skin damage results from both intrinsic factors such as genetics and extrinsic factors including
blue light, extensive UV radiation, temperature, humidity, and environmental pollutants
(Charitakis et al., 2022). Prolonged exposure to UV radiation, in particular, can induce cellular
damage, leading to photoaging and increased cancer risk (Bacqueville et al., 2022).
Environmental stressors, compounded by individual predispositions, exacerbate skin
vulnerability, necessitating vigilant protection and care.
Elevated temperatures in regions like Malaysia exacerbate skin challenges by amplifying sweat
production, resulting in increased hydration, sebum production, and pH alterations
(MyGovernment Official Report; Herrero-Fernandez, 2022). Disruption of the skin barrier due
to excessive moisture loss and sebum secretion leads to dryness, dullness, and acne formation
(Eske, 2020). Additionally, air pollution further degrades the epithelial barrier, underscoring
the importance of consistent skin care practices even in indoor environments (Claudel et al.,
2018).
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Skin Care And Its Application
Skin care involves maintaining skin hygiene and comfort through appropriate products, with
the skin care market experiencing significant growth (Kouassi, 2022). Individuals afflicted with
skin ailments are willing to invest in effective solutions, underscoring the critical importance
of skin care (Kassab et al., 2019).
Tailoring skin care routines to individual skin types and understanding product compatibility
are essential for optimal outcomes (Norhuzaimi, 2018). Environmental, hormonal, and lifestyle
factors necessitate adaptable skin care regimens. In Malaysia, skin care routines have become
entrenched in daily life, particularly among women, reflecting a societal emphasis on skin
health (Goh et al., 2021).
Basic skin care routines typically encompass cleansing, sun protection, and moisturizing,
customized to address specific concerns like hydration and UV exposure. Additional products
such as toners and serums offer targeted solutions for various skin issues (Goh et al., 2021).
Awareness and Practice of Skin Care Among Students
Pharmacy students play a crucial role in healthcare, particularly in providing medication-
related advice and health education. Understanding their knowledge and practices is essential
for effective preparation. These students, given their academic background are expected to
have strong academic foundation in health knowledge and practices. Nonetheless, research
shows that while they generally possess good theoretical knowledge, this does not always
translate into practical application.
Research on the skin care knowledge and practices in these students is limited, focusing mainly
on skincare products purchasing behaviour, skin diseases, and sunscreen usage. Consequently,
a study by Nathan et al., 2023 shows community pharmacist in Malaysia demonstrated limited
knowledge of sunscreen but had better knowledge of skin cancer. This gap is significant given
their counselling role on dermatological issues. While expected to have extensive knowledge
in health and personal care practices, specific studies are scarce. A literature review on skin
care knowledge and practices among Malaysian Pharmacy students revealed key findings: they
demonstrated limited knowledge of sunscreen despite better knowledge of skin cancer. This
underscores the need for targeted education and practical training in dermatological care to
better prepare them for advisory roles (Table 1).
Elsewhere, studies in medical students in Western India showed that efforts to augment skin
care awareness among students are crucial in promoting healthy habits (Upadhyay et al., 2021).
Study also indicated that females generally exhibit greater interest and diligence in skin care
routines than males (Nitiyarom et al., 2022). Additionally, Pharmacy students show
commendable knowledge of the benefits of sun exposure (Ismail et al., 2023).
Skin care awareness is predominantly disseminated through online and social media platforms,
influencing consumer preferences and purchasing behaviours (Statista Research Department,
2023; Sheng et al., 2022). Despite advancements, research on skin care habits among university
students remains limited, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive studies to inform
targeted interventions and mitigate skin health risks. Addressing these gaps is imperative for
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advancing skin care education and reducing skin ailments among the younger demographic
(Rani and Krishnan, 2018).
The importance of skin care on the quality of life of university students cannot be overstated.
Quality of life encompasses an individual's overall well-being and satisfaction with different
aspects of their lives. Implementing a quality skin care regimen can significantly enhance
various facets of a student's quality of life. Firstly, a quality skin care routine can positively
impact physical appearance. Clear, healthy-looking skin can boost confidence and self-esteem,
which are crucial for navigating the challenges of university life. When students feel good
about their appearance, they are more likely to engage confidently in social interactions and
academic endeavors. Additionally, skin care practices play a pivotal role in improving
psychological well-being. Research suggests that maintaining a consistent skin care routine can
have a positive effect on mental health by reducing stress and anxiety levels (Nitiyarom et al.,
2021). Engaging in self-care activities like skin care can serve as a form of relaxation and self-
soothing, providing students with a sense of control and empowerment over their well-being.
Table 1: Summary of Studies Focused on the Skin Care Knowledge and Practices in
Students.
Study
Focus
Key Findings
Significance
Nathan et al.,
2023
Knowledge of sunscreen
and skin cancer among
community pharmacists in
Malaysia
Limited knowledge of
sunscreen but better
knowledge of skin
cancer.
Highlights the need for
targeted education in
dermatological care for
effective patient
counselling.
Upadhyay et al.,
2021
Skin care awareness
among medical students in
Western India
Efforts to enhance skin
care awareness
promote healthy
habits.
Demonstrates the
importance of skin care
education in promoting
healthy practices among
students.
Nitiyarom et al.,
2022
Gender differences in skin
care routines
Females generally
exhibit greater interest
and diligence in skin
care routines than
males.
Indicates the need for
tailored skin care
education addressing
gender-specific
behaviours.
Wan Ismail et
al., 2023
Knowledge of sun
exposure benefits among
Pharmacy students
Pharmacy students
show commendable
knowledge of the
benefits of sun
exposure.
Emphasizes the strength
in certain areas of health
knowledge among
Pharmacy students.
Statista
Research
Department,
2023
Influence of online and
social media on skin care
awareness
Skin care awareness is
predominantly
disseminated through
online and social
media platforms.
Highlights the role of
digital platforms in
shaping consumer
behaviors and
preferences.
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Study
Focus
Key Findings
Significance
Sheng et al.,
2022
Consumer preferences and
purchasing behaviors
Online and social
media platforms
significantly influence
purchasing behaviors.
Underlines the impact
of digital media on skin
care practices and
preferences among
students.
Rani and
Krishnan, 2018
Comprehensive studies on
skin care habits among
university students
Limited research on
skin care habits
highlights the need for
comprehensive studies
to inform targeted
interventions.
Calls for more research
to address gaps and
improve skin care
education among
university students.
Nitiyarom et al.,
2021
Psychological impact of
skin care routines
Maintaining a
consistent skin care
routine can reduce
stress and anxiety
levels, improving
mental health.
Shows the
psychological benefits
of skin care routines,
emphasizing the holistic
impact on students.
Methods
Study Design
The survey and methods (Figure 1) were subjected to Universiti Teknologi MARA’s (UiTM)
Research Ethics Committee (REC) reference number BERC/05/2022 (UG/MR/54). A cross-
sectional study utilising an online survey instrument was conducted among Diploma of
Pharmacy students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Pulau Pinang
(UiTMCPP). Participants were recruited based on their expressed interest in participating in
the study. According to the Raosoft sample size calculator, the recommended sample size for
this research is 144 with a 95% confidence level, 5% margin of error, 50% response distribution
and the population size is 228. The survey achieved a response rate of n=154, indicating high
participation.
Data Collection
Data collection involved gathering comprehensive information on skin care knowledge from
students enrolled at UiTMCPP during the second, fourth, and sixth semesters. The
questionnaire was developed based on existing scholarly literature by Nitiyarom et al. (2021)
and Upadhyay et al. (2021). All respondents were requested to complete the survey through
a questionnaire that was sent through WhatsApp with request letters for their responses.
A questionnaire was created using Google Forms and distributed online. The survey comprised
of three sections: Demographic information, pre-existing knowledge, and skin care practices.
Demographic characteristics included gender, age, semester of study and presence of
underlying skin disease. The second section included open-ended and closed-ended questions
assessing respondents' existing knowledge of skin care. The final section consisted of closed-
ended questions evaluating students' basic skin care practices.
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Data Analysis
The data analysis was conducted comprehensively, assessing the frequency and average of
student responses and findings were presented as percentages. The respondents’ details on
demographic information, responses on students’ knowledge, awareness, and practices towards
skin care were presented in a table with percentages (%).Statistical tests were employed to
interpret the data. The Chi-square test was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software
version 22, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Figure 1: Flowchart of Methodology Process of the Study
Results
In this study, a comprehensive analysis was conducted among Pharmacy students from
semesters 2, 4, and 6 at UiTMCPP. A total of 154 students, aged between 19 and 23,
participated in the survey, providing valuable insights into their knowledge, awareness, and
practices regarding skin care. Among the respondents, a significant majority of 124 (80.5%)
were female, highlighting the predominance of female representation in the Pharmacy student
population. Conversely, male students constituted a smaller proportion, with only 30 (19.5%)
participating in the study. Additionally, a notable proportion of respondents, accounting for 20
(13%) of the total, reported having underlying skin diseases such as acne, allergies, eczema,
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and urticaria, indicating a diverse range of skin conditions prevalent among Pharmacy students
(Table 2).
Table 2: Demographic Profile of Participants (n=154)
Characteristics
n (%)
Gender
Male
30 (19.5)
Female
124 (80.5)
Age (years)
19
33 (21.4)
20
31 (20.1)
21
81 (52.6)
22
7 (4.5)
23
2 (1.3)
Semester
2
38 (24.7)
4
34 (22.1)
6
82 (53.2)
Do you have any underlying skin disease
Yes
20 (13.0)
No
134 (87.0)
Skin disease (if yes)
Acne
11 (7.1)
Eczema
6 (3.9)
Allergies
2 (1.3)
Urticaria
1 (0.6)
Students’ Knowledge and Awareness
According to Table 3, 95% of students agreed that moisturising the skin is the primary benefit
of an appropriate skin care routine, followed by skin cleansing (94%) and skin brightening
(73%). Regarding ideal sun protection factor (SPF) usage in Malaysia, Table 3 indicates that
the majority of respondents knew the recommended minimum SPF to be SPF 30, while 24
(15.6%) respondents were unaware. Table 3 also presents the current knowledge of Pharmacy
students regarding skin care routines, with 104 (67.53%) claiming to implement a proper skin
care routine and 50 (32.5%) not following a suitable regimen for their skin types.
Table 3: Knowledge Towards Skin Care Routine in Diploma of Pharmacy students,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang (n=154)
Topics
n (%)
Benefit of appropriate skin care routine
Moisturizes the skin
146 (94.8)
Makes the skin clean
145 (94.2)
Brightens the skin
112 (72.7)
Get rid of germs
103 (66.9)
Washes away the sweat
75 (48.7)
Eliminates the body odour
42 ( 27.3)
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n (%)
Do you practice proper skin care routine?
Yes
No
Male
15 (9.7)
15 (9.7)
Female
89 (57.8)
35 (22.7)
Do you know the recommended SPF to be used
in Malaysia
n (%)
<30
1 (0.6)
30-50
102 (66.2)
>50
27 ( 17.5)
I don’t know
24 (15.6)
Table 4 displays students' awareness of the consequences of improper skin care routines and
their information sources. 94.8% students were aware of the effects of improper skin care
routine. The majority (91.6%) of participants believed that improper skin care could cause acne
or back acne, and 136 (88.3%) believed it could damage the skin barrier. In line with these
findings, 147 (95.5%) of students reported learning about skin care from the internet, while
115 (74.7%) learned from influencers.
Table 4: Awareness About Skin Care Routine in Diploma of Pharmacy students,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang (n=154)
Topics
n (%)
Yes
No
Are you aware of the effects of
improper skin care routine?
146 (94.8)
8 (5.2)
Effects of improper skin care routine
Acne/back acne
141 (91.6)
Damage skin barrier
136 (88.3)
Dryness
117(76.0)
Sun burned
106 (68.8)
Dull
93 (60.4)
Wrinkle
74 (48.1)
I don’t know
6 (3.9)
Sources of awareness
Internet
147 (95.5)
Influencer
115 (74.7)
Friends
113 (73.4)
Advertisement
83 (53.9)
Family
67 (43.5)
School
27 (17.5)
Dermatologist
1 (0.6)
Students' Practice of Skin care Routine
The section on students' skin care routines examines their practices. According to Table 5, 147
respondents (95.5%) reported washing their hands before applying skin care, while 7 (4.6%)
did not. Furthermore, 66% of students indicated washing their face twice a day or more, and
75.3% used cosmetic products, with cleansers, sunscreen, and moisturisers being the primary
skin care products, as depicted in Figure 2.
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Table 5: Practise of Skin Care Routine in Diploma of Pharmacy students, Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang (n=154)
Topics
n (%)
Yes
No
Do you wash your hands before applying
your skin care routine
147 ( 95.4)
7 ( 4.5)
How often do you wash your face
Once a day
52 (33.7)
Twice a day
90 (58.4)
More than twice per day
12(7.8)
Figure 2: Skincare Products Used by Diploma of Pharmacy students Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang (n=154)
Discussion
The knowledge and practices related to various aspects of health and personal care among
students in Malaysia have garnered increasing attention. Pharmacy students, in particular, are
positioned to play a pivotal role in the healthcare system, especially in providing medication-
related advice and promoting health education among patients. Understanding their knowledge
and practices in various health-related domains is crucial to ensure they are well-prepared for
these responsibilities.
Skin care plays a pivotal role as it constitutes the primary protective barrier for the human body.
With advancing age, individuals tend to be more conscious of their appearance, prompting a
greater emphasis on skin care routines. The majority of respondents in this study were female
Pharmacy students from semester 6, highlighting the female predominance within the student
population. Notably, a significant proportion of students reported underlying skin diseases,
with acne being the most prevalent issue among female students. This underscores the
misconception that acne is solely confined to adolescents (Padmavathy et al., 2014).
020 40 60 80 100
Cleanser
Sunscreen
Moisturizer
Toner
Essence/serum
Spot treatments
Cleansing oil
SKIN CARE PRODUCTS USED AS PART OF
SKINCARE ROUTINE
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Students' Knowledge Towards Skin care Routine
This study aimed to assess the knowledge of Pharmacy students regarding skin care routines.
Results revealed that most students correctly identified the recommended SPF sunscreen range
for use in Malaysia (more than SPF30). As the majority of students were female, this finding
is consistent with previous research that indicated a higher level of sunscreen understanding
among female students (Awadh et al., 2016). Moreover, these students exhibited greater
awareness of ideal SPF usage compared to their Indian counterparts, in which the majority of
Medical students in Western India failed to identify the recommended SPF level (Upadhyay et
al., 2021). Given the detrimental effects of UV exposure on skin health, especially for
individuals with acne, consistent sunscreen application is crucial (Acne, 2022).
A majority of students acknowledged the benefits of proper skin care routines, with most
agreeing that it moisturises and cleanses the skin effectively. Additionally, a significant
percentage believed it could brighten the skin, possibly influenced by cultural preferences for
fair skin among Asian females (Low et al., 2021). While a considerable proportion of female
students practiced proper skin care, male students lagged behind, indicating a gender disparity
in skin care knowledge and practices (Nitiyarom et al., 2021).
Students' Awareness Towards Skin Care Routine
Awareness of skin care routines is essential for maintaining healthy skin. Understanding one's
skin type allows for tailored skin care regimens that address specific concerns. Most students
were aware of the consequences of poor skin care habits, including acne and skin barrier
damage. Acne results from the clogging of hair follicles with sebum, dead skin cells, and
bacteria, while harsh skin care practices exacerbate skin barrier damage (Branch, 2023). The
internet emerged as a primary source of skin care information, although reliance on online
sources may pose risks of misinformation and adverse outcomes (Mehta-Ambalal and Nisarta,
2021). Influencers, particularly those with dermatological expertise, can play a significant role
in shaping students' skin care awareness (Zeljko et al., 2018).
Students' Practice Towards Skin care Routine
Proper handwashing before skin care application is essential for preventing bacterial transfer
and acne exacerbation. A majority of students adhered to this practice, highlighting its
importance in skin care routines. Daily skin care routines, when performed correctly, nourish
and hydrate the skin. However, over-exfoliation and irregular routines can damage the skin
barrier, leading to dryness and pore congestion (Upadhyay et al., 2021). The use of lukewarm
water for cleansing is recommended to preserve skin health (Herrero-Fernandez et al., 2022)
as excessive water exposure contributes to skin barrier disruption.
Female students exhibited a higher inclination towards makeup use to enhance their
appearance, albeit on specific occasions, aligning with previous research findings (Nitiyarom
et al., 2021; Padmavathy et al., 2014). However, prolonged makeup use without proper
cleansing can lead to skin irritation and acne breakouts (Sadeq and Omer, 2019). Simplifying
skin care routines to include essential products such as cleansers, sunscreen, and moisturisers
is advisable to prevent skin irritation.
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Promoting skin care education and fostering healthy skin care practices is essential for
maintaining optimal skin health and well-being (Zhang et al., 2020) that consequently can
significantly improved their academic quality of life.
Conclusion
Although participants’ perceptions and behaviours were self-reported, making it complex to
measure the gap between theoretical knowledge and actual practices, this study certainly
provides valuable baseline data on skin care knowledge and practices among Diploma of
Pharmacy students at UiTMCPP. It highlights the importance of students recognising the
significance of skin care and consistently implementing proper routines, which could translate
into effective patient counseling and care in dermatology. The findings suggest that most
respondents demonstrated satisfactory knowledge and practices regarding skin care. However,
there is a need for ongoing education about the benefits and correct methods of skin care
through initiatives and awareness campaigns to ensure students are well-informed.
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to all individuals who generously dedicated
their time to support and participate in our study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279208/
Awadh, A. I., Jamshed, S., Elkalmi, R. M., & Hadi, H. (2016). The use of sunscreen products
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