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Varietal evaluation of beet root (Beta vulgaris L.) under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions
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A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) cv. Ruby Queen. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design using ten treatments and three replications at the college farm of the Department of Horticulture, Tilak Dhari PG College, Jaunpur, (U.P.) during the rabi season of 2021-22. Integration of nutrient sources was comprised in the form of treatments viz. T1 - 100% NPK of RDF (70:110:70 Kg/ha), T2 -75% NPK of RDF + FYM (10 t/ha) + Azotobacter (10 Kg/ha) + PSB (10 Kg/ ha), T3 - 75% NPK of RDF + VC (3 t/ha) + Azotobacter (10 Kg/ha) + PSB (10 Kg/ha), T4 - 75% NPK of RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) + VC (1.5 t/ha) + Azotobacter (10 Kg/ha) + PSB (10 Kg/ha), T5 - 50% NPK of RDF + FYM (10 t/ha) + Azotobacter (10 Kg/ha) + PSB (10 Kg/ha), T6 - 50% NPK of RDF + VC (3 t/ha) + Azotobacter (10 Kg/ha) + PSB (10 Kg/ha), T7 - 50% NPK of RDF + FYM (5 t/ha) +VC (1.5 t/ha) + Azotobacter (10 Kg/ha) + PSB (10 Kg/ha), T8 - 75% NPK of RDF + FYM (10 t/ha), T9 - 50% NPK of RDF + VC (3 t/ha) and T10 - Control. Among all treatments, T4 (75% NPK of RDF + FYM + VC + Azotobacter + PSB) performed best for growth and yield parameters recorded significantly minimum number of days required for 80 percent germination of seedlings (2.68 days), highest plant height (50.24 cm), most leaves per plant (13.53), maximum leaf area (3227.50 cm2), higher chlorophyll content index (21.76), maximum root length (16.23 cm), root diameter (7.73 cm), root yield per plant (220.14 g), root yield per plot (4.40 Kg), root yield per hectare (22.014 t), and highest harvest index (0.91) was observed.
Various radish cultivars were grown during the years 2001 and 2002 to compare their yield potential and to find out high yielding better cultivar. The data suggested that the cultivar "Sixty days" superceded all the cultivars in relation to yield potential whereas, Mino Early Long White and Green Neck appeared to be promising for adoption in future.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, biometric and productivity of beet cultivars. The experiment was conducted in random blocks with four repetition. The treatments were six beet cultivars: Maravilha, Merlot, Kestrel, Itapua 202, Chata do Egito and Tall Top Early Wonder. These cultivars were evaluated for plant height, leaf number, diameter and length of root, average mass of root and fresh weight of shoot, the root shape index, productivity, the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, pH and anthocyanin content. The highest average root masses and productivity were observed for the cultivars Maravilha e Tall Top Early Wonder, being similar to Itapua 202 cultivars and the Boring Egypt. For quality characteristics there was no difference between cultivars for the soluble solids and pH, this was not the same behavior for titratable acidity and ratio. The highest anthocyanin content were observed in cultivars Merlot, Kestrel and Chata do Egito. The cultivars Chata do Egito presented the best productivity and quality characteristics, for the factors and elements of the elapsed year climate.
The present study was carried out at ‘Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit’, Dr. Panjabrao
Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra during winter season of 2013-14 to
investigate growth, yield and qualitative parameters of various radish varieties. The
experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (R.B.D.) with seven treatments and
three replicatations. Seven varieties of radish, used for the study as treatments were viz.,
PusaDesi, PusaHimani, PusaReshmi, PusaChetaki, ArkaNishant, Japanese White, IHR-1-
1. The growth parameters like plant height was maximum at 28.29 cm in ArkaNishant,
while it was minimum at 22.70 cm in PusaHimani, also the chlorophyll content of leaves
was 3.10 mg g-1
recorded in ArkaNishant. However, the minimum leaf area was 85.04 cm2
recorded in PusaHimani and minimum chlorophyll content of leaves was 1.61 mg g-1
in
variety PusaDesi. The substantial variations in weight of total fresh weight of plant (190.06
g to 226.60 g) were observed. It was maximum in variety ArkaNishant, whereas, minimum
in variety PusaDesi. The values of root diameter were minimum in IHR -1-1 (2.60 cm) and
maximum (3.69 cm) in variety ArkaNishant. The maximum root yield per plot was 32.34
kg plot-1
produced in variety ArkaNishant. The maximum moisture content of root
(97.75%) was recorded in ArkaNishant variety. Whereas, it was found minimum (95.35%)
in the variety IHR-1-1. The maximum crude fiber content of root was 1.71% in variety
IHR-1-1 and minimum content recorded in the variety ArkaNishant was 1.32%.
In recent years there has been a growing interest in the biological activity of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) and its potential utility as a health promoting and disease preventing functional food. As a source of nitrate, beetroot ingestion provides a natural means of increasing in vivo nitric oxide (NO) availability and has emerged as a potential strategy to prevent and manage pathologies associated with diminished NO bioavailability, notably hypertension and endothelial function. Beetroot is also being considered as a promising therapeutic treatment in a range of clinical pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Its constituents, most notably the betalain pigments, display potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemo-preventive activity in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this review is to discuss beetroot’s biological activity and to evaluate evidence from studies that specifically investigated the effect of beetroot supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, cognition and endothelial function.
Betalains are water-soluble plant pigments that are widely used as food colorants, and have a wide range of desirable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer properties. They can be produced from various plants, notably beetroot, but betalain products obtained in this way also have some undesirable properties and are difficult to standardize. A potentially attractive alternative is to use hairy root cultures. In the study reported here, we found that betalain extracts obtained from hairy root cultures of the red beetroot B. vulgaris cv. Detroit Dark Red also had higher antioxidant activity than extracts obtained from mature beetroots: six-fold higher 2,2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability (90.7% inhibition, EC(50) = 0.11 mg, vs 14.2% inhibition, EC(50) = 0.70 mg) and 3.28-fold higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (4,100 microM TE/g dry extract, vs 1,250 microM TE/g dry extract). The high antioxidant activity of the hairy root extracts was associated with increased concentrations (more than 20-fold) of total phenolic concomitant compounds, which may have synergistic effects with betalains. The presence of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin hydrate, and epicatechin were detected in both types of extract, but at different concentrations. Rutin was only present at high concentration (1.096 mg.g(-1) dry extract) in betalain extracts from the hairy root cultures, whereas chlorogenic acid was only detected at measurable concentrations in extracts from intact plants.
Antioxidant nutrients from fruits and vegetables are believed to be a class of compounds that exert their effects in humans by preventing oxidative processes which contribute to the onset of several degenerative diseases. This study found a new class of dietary cationized antioxidants in red beets (Beta vulgaris L.). These antioxidants are betalains, and the major one, betanin, is a betanidin 5-O-beta-glucoside. Linoleate peroxidation by cytochrome c was inhibited by betanin, betanidin, catechin, and alpha-tocopherol with IC(50) values of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 5 microM, respectively. In addition, a relatively low concentration of betanin was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation of membranes or linoleate emulsion catalyzed by the "free iron" redox cycle, H(2)O(2)-activated metmyoglobin, or lipoxygenase. The IC(50) inhibition of H(2)O(2)-activated metmyoglobin catalysis of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by betanin was <2.5 microM and better than that of catechin. Betanin and betanidin at very small concentrations were found to inhibit lipid peroxidation and heme decomposition. During this reaction, betanidin was bleached completely, but betanin remained unchanged in its absorption. This difference seems to derive from differing mechanisms of protection by these two compounds. The high affinity of betanin and betanidin for membranes was demonstrated by determining the rate of migration of the compounds through a dialysis tube. Betanin bioavailability in humans was demonstrated with four volunteers who consumed 300 mL of red beet juice, containing 120 mg of the antioxidant. The betacyanins were absorbed from the gut and identified in urine after 2-4 h. The calculated amount of betacyanins found in the urine was 0.5-0.9% of that ingested. Red beet products used regularly in the diet may provide protection against certain oxidative stress-related disorders in humans.
Beetroot is recognized as health promoting food due to presence of essential components such as vitamins, minerals, phenolics, carotenoids, nitrate, ascorbic acids and betalains that promote health. Betalains occur in two forms i.e. betacyanin (red-violet pigment) and betaxanthin (yellow-orange pigment) and are recognizable commercially as a food dye due to non-precarious, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic and non-poisonous nature. Beetroot is premeditated as a boon for the food industry and used as food colorant or additive in food products such as ice-cream, yogurts and other products. The beetroot extract is used to improve the redness in tomato pastes, soups, sauces, desserts, jams, jellies, sweets and breakfast cereals. Overall objective of this review is to provide a brief knowledge about the valuable phytochemicals and bioactive compounds present in beetroot and their association with health benefits, beetroot processing for food application and their effect on beetroot pigment.
Field experiments were conducted from June to September, 2005 and 2006 at the Vegetable Evaluation and Research Station, Anse Boileau, Seychelles to evaluate the yield performance of four beetroot varieties, ‘Moronia', ‘Lola', ‘Crosby' and ‘Detroit–243' against the commonly grown variety ‘Detroit' under open field conditions. The experiment consisted of five treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results obtained showed that while variety ‘Moronia' was the earliest to maturity, the longest root length and largest root width were produced by variety ‘Crosby'. Similarly, the same variety ‘Crosby' gave the highest root yield with root yield being 39.7 % and 33.1 % higher than the popular variety ‘Detroit' in both years respectively. Hence the variety ‘Crosby' was recommended as a potential replacement for ‘Detroit'.Agro-Science Vol. 7 (2) 2008: pp. 139-142
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