Active recreation as leisure activity of inhabitants of large cities in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. An attempt at a qualitative approach
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Introduction . The aim of the research is to determine the structure of the day – the time devoted to various activities – of the inhabitants of large cities in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the workweek-weekend cycle.
Material and methods. Time budget studies – using qualitative research methods (structured interview, including self-reporting) – were conducted in December 2020 among residents of selected 9 large cities in Poland. The research was based on self-reporting by the respondents for one week. The results were analysed using three parameters: the average duration of the activity, the average time of performing the activity, the percentage of people performing the activity.
Results. The daytime structure of inhabitants of large cities during the pandemic included 9.19 h (39% day time) for physiological activities, 8.30 h (36%) for duties, 5.49 h (24%) for leisure time and 0.20 h (1%) for commute. Relative to the 2013 GUS survey, there was a decrease in the amount of time spent commuting to work/school (72% decrease), physiological needs (15% decrease) and housework (15% decrease), More time than before the pandemic (51% increase in the amount of time) was devoted to work, and leisure time was spent on sports and recreation (125% increase in the amount of time) and using mass media (16%).
Conclusions. COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions have significantly impacted our daily lives and how we use our time.
Objective
To examine the effects of COVID-19 related ‘lockdown restrictions’ on Australian's (5–75 years) physical activity recommendation achievement and active recreation participation.
Design
Cross-sectional online survey with self and proxy-report items (where the participant was a parent).
Methods
Adults (n = 1360) and adolescents (n = 1292) reported the frequency they performed 30- or 60-min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercises, and participation in 11 active recreation behaviours in February 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and in April/May (during lockdown restrictions). Parents also proxy-reported activity for their child (n = 147, 5–12 years). Mixed effects logistic regressions or a logistic regression (with robust sandwich estimation for variance) assessed recall differences pre- and during lockdown, and interaction by sex.
Results
Compared to February, in April/May children were less likely to meet MVPA recommendations (OR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.12–0.64); adolescents males, but not females, were less likely to meet MVPA (OR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.43, 1.17) and both recommendations (OR = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.79); and adults were more likely to meet MVPA (OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.57) but less likely to meet muscle-strengthening exercise recommendations (OR = 0.76, 9%CI = 0.65, 0.89). Across age groups more participants reported walking, muscle strengthening exercises at home, and yoga/Pilates/stretching at home, and fewer performed informal sport practice and play, and recreational activities.
Conclusions
Lockdown restrictions had different effects on physical activity and active recreation among age groups and by sex. Physical activity promotion strategies that target children and adolescents, at home physical activity options, active neighbourhoods, and (re)engagement in informal sport and recreational activities post-COVID-19 are critical for (re)engaging Australians in health-enhancing behaviours.
Autorzy artykułu przedstawiają analizę porównawczą i relacje pojęć: turystyka i rekreacja na tle czasu wolnego i przestrzeni ich realizacji. Przegląd wielu prac polskich, francuskich i anglosaskich wskazuje że nie ma zgodności czy kreacja to wszystko co prowadzi do regeneracji sił fizycznych i psychicznych człowieka, czy termin ten należy ograniczyć do rekreacji ruchowej poza domem. Za drugą opcją stoją geografowie, ekonomiści i przedstawiciele wychowania fizycznego. Aczkolwiek czynności rekreacji i turystyki mogą być bardzo od siebie odmienne, łączą je pewne relacje przestrzenne. W związku z tym można mówić o rekreacji turystycznej, która właściwie zawiera w sobie cechy obu zjawisk zarówno od strony uczestnika, podmiotu gospodarczego, jak i przestrzeni realizacji.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented disruption to daily life for large swaths of individuals and resulted in potentially widespread implications for individuals' health and wellbeing. This study utilized an online survey of avid outdoor recreationists to understand the psychosocial factors influencing recreationist behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic across rural, urban cluster, and urban communities in the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses indicate that the five studied psychosocial factors-perceived risk, social norms, recommendations from authority, health benefits, and lifestyle adjustments-exist as unique constructs influencing individuals' outdoor recreation behaviors. Repeated measures analyses suggest individuals rated seeking benefits to their general health as most important when making outdoor recreation decisions, followed by recommendations from authority, then perceptions of risk, with lifestyle adjustments and social norms rated as least important. Lastly, analysis across community types indicated individuals across the rural-urban gradient weighed perceptions of risk and recommendations from authority differently when making outdoor recreation decisions. Managerial implications and future directions for research are discussed.
In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic changed the daily lives of people around the world. In an effort to quantify these changes, Google released an open-source dataset pertaining to regional mobility trends—including park visitation trends. Changes in park visitation are calculated from an earlier baseline period for measurement. Park visitation is robustly linked to positive wellbeing indicators across the lifespan, and has been shown to support wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this dataset offers vast application potential, containing aggregated information from location data collected via smartphones worldwide. However, empirical analysis of these data is limited. Namely, the factors influencing reported changes in mobility and the degree to which these changes can be directly attributable to COVID-19 remain unknown. This study aims to address these gaps in our understanding of the changes in park visitation, the causes of these changes (e.g., safer-at-home orders, amount of COVID-19 cases per county, climate, etc.) and possible impacts to wellbeing by constructing and testing a spatial regression model. Results suggest that elevation and latitude serve as primary influences of reported changes in park visitation from the baseline period. Therefore, it is surmised that Google's reported changes in park-related mobility are only partially the function of COVID-19.
Wstęp 9
Rozdział 1
Socjologia pandemii? 19
1.1. Specyfika subdyscypliny 19
1.2. Praktyka badawcza 24
1.3. Program badawczy 30
Rozdział 2
Trauma i jej socjologiczne implikacje w pandemicznym społeczeństwie 35
2.1. Trauma i jej znaczenie 35
2.2. Trauma pierwotna 36
2.3. Trauma wtórna 40
2.4. Traumy aktualne 42
2.5. Od traumy biologicznej do traumy zbiorowej 44
2.6. Symptomy traumy 47
2.7. Reakcje na traumę 49
Rozdział 3
Metodologia badań 55
3.1. Wiek 57
3.2. Miejsce zamieszkania 57
3.3. Stan cywilny 59
3.4. Poziom wykształcania 60
3.4.1. Jakość wyższego wykształcenia 61
3.4.2. Reprodukcja statusów 62
3.5. Kategorie społeczno-zawodowe 64
3.6. Typ umowy o pracę 66
3.7. Religijność 68
3.8. Kapitał społeczny 69
3.9. Materialne warunki życia 71
3.10. Ocena sytuacji gospodarczej kraju 72
Rozdział 4
Trauma inicjalna 75
4.1. Trauma kulturowa 75
4.2. Trauma biologiczna 79
Rozdział 5
Społeczne koszty COVID-19 83
5.1. Spadek poziomu życia 83
5.2. Utrata pracy 86
5.3. Strata zasobów ekonomicznych 88
5.4. Obawy przed utratą pracy na skutek kryzysu 90
5.5. Ograniczenia praktyk społecznych 92
5.6. Obszary deprywacji 95
5.7. Życie społeczne w cyfrowej rzeczywistości 100
Rozdział 6
Czynniki pośredniczące 107
6.1. Wpływ ekspozycji medialnej na zdrowie psychiczne 108
6.2. Poziom zainteresowania informacjami na temat pandemii 111
6.3. Neurotyzm w polskim społeczeństwie 113
Rozdział 7
Symptomy traumy 119
7.1. Syndrom lęku przed COVID-19 120
7.2. Strach przed COVID-19 124
7.3. Stres pandemii 127
Rozdział 8
Wygenerowano przez Sky-Shop.pl Strona 2 z 3
Strategie radzenia sobie z traumą pandemii 133
Rozdział 9
Dezintegracja pozytywna? 143
9.1. Zmiana wartości życiowych 148
9.2. Zadowolenie z życia 154
9.3. Pesymizm antycypacyjny 157
Rozdział 10
Polityka w cieniu pandemii 165
10.1. Orientacje polityczne 166
11.2. Polityczne orientacje i ich wpływ na zachowania wyborcze 168
10.3. Wpływ orientacji politycznych na partyjne sympatie 169
10.4. Uwarunkowania preferencji wyborczych w wyborach prezydenckich 170
10.5. Aktywność wyborcza i jej uwarunkowania 173
Zakończenie 179
Bibliografia 187
Spis wykresów 195
Spis tabel 197
O
Coraz ważniejszą grupą, mającą rosnące znaczenie dla konsumpcji turystycznej, są osoby młode. W prezentowanym artykule autorzy skoncentrowali się na charakterystyce i analizie specyfiki konsumentów pokolenia Y w wieku poniżej 30. roku życia. Zaprezentowane zostały wyniki badania ankietowego, które zostało przeprowadzone wśród studentów. Weryfikacji poddano hipotezy mówiące o dużym znaczeniu Internetu zarówno w procesie planowania wyjazdu, jak i przy dzieleniu się wrażeniami z pobytu. Drugą istotną kwestią, na którą wskazały otrzymane wyniki, jest relatywnie duże znaczenie komfortu podczas wyjazdu. Jednocześnie jednak jawi się potrzeba kontynuacji badań, zwłaszcza mających na celu porównanie wybranych zachowań z innymi grupami wiekowymi.
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to alter daily life and its long-term impact remains unknown, research is needed to examine the effects of this unprecedented pandemic on public health and well-being. Leisure has the potential to facilitate personal growth and to serve as a vehicle for personal transformation under stressful circumstances. The purpose of the study is two-fold: (1) to explore leisure experiences and participation during the COVID-19 global pandemic; and (2) to examine how leisure experiences and participation contribute to stress-related growth during this public health crisis. A total of 470 U.S. residents completed an online survey in July 2020. The results indicated a decline in participation for all types of leisure activities. Changes in leisure activities varied by age and income but social activities had the most substantial decline, followed by outdoor and physical activities. Leisure needs, satisfaction, and social activities were statistically significant predictors of stress-related growth during the pandemic. These findings provide further understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted engagement in leisure activities, and additional evidence that participating in leisure can facilitate personal growth during periods of adversity.