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Experiences and Strategies: Supporting Livelihoods of Underemployed People in Barangay General Paulino Santos
Abstract
This research aimed to describe the experiences of underemployed people and their subsistence strategies. The results in this study were gathered through a qualitative method, specifically narrative research design. The five participants were selected based on purposive sampling technique. In using narrative analysis, the recurring themes revealed that the underemployed people experienced financial instability, job difficulties due to a lack of educational attainment, and unprepared family planning. Meanwhile, the subsistence strategies in response to the experiences of the participants were allocation of responsibilities through spousal partners; financial management; entrepreneurial engagement; and seeking alternative resources. The study’s findings suggested an intervention program that aimed to aid the residents with their livelihood, and sought to provide underemployed individuals with means to maximize their income sources, specifically through a livelihood program collaborating with government agencies targeting the sustainable development goals of no poverty, decent work and economic growth. Through the collaboration among government agencies, underemployed individuals achieved their needs as well as their awareness and understanding of their condition. The findings were essential to the improvement of the community that sought to address the issues emerging amongst underemployed individuals. To further effectively sustain it, the researchers recommended conducting regular community profiling to track the recent situation, problems, and issues inside the community arising to possible solutions.
... Studies highlight ongoing community challenges in essential needs like food, water (Woodhill et al., 2022), financial support, employment (Cullo et al., 2024), and skill development (Czech et al., 2024). This is supported by the study of Mapa (2023), as shown in the Philippines Statistics Authority that shows 22.4% in the first half of 2023, with unemployment at 4.8%. ...
Community needs assessment emphasizes the challenges and needs of individuals to enhance their standard of living, as well as the status of primary health care, which ensures that patients receive first-rate and all-inclusive care to supply the services they need. This study examined the primary health care status and community needs of the participants, which are the total enumeration of the heads of the family in Middle Sitio Baloc, Sto. Niño, San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. A descriptive-developmental research design was used to assess the community needs and health status, utilizing an adapted and modified questionnaire. Findings of the study showed that most of the participants’ monthly income ranges from 2,001 to 5,000 pesos only and most wives are unemployed. Electricity and water sources are not available within the community. In home and environmental conditions, poor ventilation and lighting and lack of proper materials to build a solid foundation of houses were evident. In terms of knowledge, attitude, and practices, it appeared that most of them are not utilizing health center services due to lack of transportation. Moreover, health care workers’ therapeutic management was found accessible when it comes to the status of primary health care. This study argues three categorical problems, including socioeconomic data, eight prioritizing problems in the community, and community knowledge, attitude and practice.
... The work landscape in the Philippines is characterized by elevated levels of unemployment and underemployment, leading to financial losses, social and psychological difficulties, and insufficient job security [93] . Employment challenges may arise when an individual lacks the requisite educational qualifications for a position, with certain jobs necessitating a high school diploma while others demand a far higher degree of education [94] . Ineffective curriculum can also be linked to employability gaps among students, striking program managers to reconfigure their curriculum to develop new competencies for the education, training, and reskilling of present and future employees [95] . ...
Industry-school partnerships allow schools to align their curricula with the current demands of the industry, ensuring that students are equipped with relevant, practical knowledge that meets the needs of employers. Having collaboration with industry professionals, schools gain access to resources and expertise that might otherwise be unavailable, such as industry-standard equipment, specialized training, and real-world insights into job expectations. This paper explored the graduate program curriculum review discussions with key industry players through the lenses of social exchange perspectives. Curriculum designers (n=20) participated in one-on-one interview encouraging them to share their experiences in review discussions with their key industry players. Narratives were analyzed to identify recurring themes from participants’ experiences. Findings indicated that curriculum designers viewed their interactions with industry partners positively, recognizing the mutual benefits reflected from sharing knowledge, expertise, and resources. This positive exchange encourages collaboration, as both parties gain insights into industry trends and skill requirements, leading to the integration of relevant feedback into the curriculum. Social exchange theory (SET) underscored the reciprocity in these relationships, where the positive actions of curriculum designers—seeking advice and collaboration—were likely to be reciprocated by industry partners, reinforcing long-term cooperation. The study also revealed that negotiated exchanges, though more formal, were essential when aligning curriculum with industry demands, especially in terms of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Notably, ongoing engagement and continuous feedback mechanisms help sustain these partnerships, creating an environment of trust, loyalty, and commitment that benefits both the education system and the industries that rely on it. Finally, formalized partnerships with long-term commitments, rather than one-off agreements, may be essential for aligning educational outcomes with evolving industry standards.
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