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Original Article
ISSN (Online): 2582-7472
ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts
July-December 2024 5(2), 85–97
How to cite this article (APA): Sawant, J., Guru, R., Grewal, D., Talekar, S. C., and Kulkarni, S. P. (2024). Sustainability in Textiles: A
Critical Review of Eco – Friendly Practices and Materials. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 5(2), 85–97. doi:
10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i2.2024.891
85
SUSTAINABILITY IN TEXTILES: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF ECO – FRIENDLY
PRACTICES AND MATERIALS
Jyoti Sawant 1, Ramratan Guru 2 , Deepika Grewal 3, Dr. Sunil Changdev Talekar 4, Swapanali Parveen
Kulkarni 5
1 Assistant Professor, School of Fashion Design and Technology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
2 Assistant Professor, School of Design, Mody University of Science and Technology, Laxmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Textile Engineering, Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering and Technology, MRSPTU,
Bathinda, Punjab, India
4 Professor, School of Design, Mody University of Science and Technology, lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India
5 PhD Scholar, Department of Design, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
Sustainability in textiles, focusing on eco-friendly practices and materials. The paper
examines the multifaceted approaches adopted by the fashion industry to mitigate
environmental impact and promote ethical production. It scrutinizes the adoption of eco-
conscious practices, such as utilizing organic fibers, recycled materials, and innovative
biodegradable textiles. Through an analytical lens, the review evaluates the efficacy of
these eco-friendly measures in reducing the industry's carbon footprint, minimizing
waste, and conserving natural resources. It delves into the challenges faced in the
widespread adoption of sustainable practices, considering issues related to scalability,
cost-effectiveness, and consumer adoption. Further more, the review assesses the social
and ethical dimensions of sustainable fashion, emphasizing fair labor practices, supply
chain transparency, and the empowerment of communities involved in textile
production. Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of scholarly articles, industry
reports, and case studies, this review critically examines the progress, limitations, and
future prospects of sustainability in fashion and textiles, providing insights for
researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in advancing eco-friendly practices within
the industry.
Received 13 January 2024
Accepted 08 July 2024
Published 10 July 2024
Corresponding Author
Jyoti Sawant,
sawantravi976@gmail.com
DOI
10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i2.2024.891
Funding:
This research received no
specific grant from any funding agency in
the public, commercial, or not-for-profit
sectors.
Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s).
This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0
International License.
With the license CC-BY, authors retain
the copyright, allowing anyone to
download, reuse, re-print, modify,
distribute, and/or copy their
contribution. The work must be
properly attributed to its author.
Keywords: Sustainability, Textiles, Eco-Friendly, Eco-Fashion
1. INTRODUCTION
The fashion and textile industry stands at a critical juncture, propelled by a
growing imperative to embrace sustainability. This review delves into the intricate
Sustainability in Textiles: A Critical Review of Eco – Friendly Practices and Materials
ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts
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tapestry of eco-friendly practices and materials, elucidating their significance and
impact within this dynamic landscape Desore & Narula (2018).
At the forefront of this paradigm shift are fashion designers whose approaches
play a pivotal role in reshaping the industry. Designers are increasingly
championing sustainability by integrating eco-conscious methodologies into their
creative processes. Their decisions on material selection, manufacturing techniques,
and supply chain management are instrumental in driving sustainable
transformations Patti et al. (2021). This review examines the strategies and
innovations employed by designers to minimize environmental footprints, embrace
ethical production, and steer the industry towards a more sustainable future.
Central to this discourse are the sustainable materials revolutionizing fashion
and textiles. From organic cotton and hemp to recycled fibers and innovative
biodegradable textiles, a spectrum of eco-friendly materials has emerged
Moorhouse & Moorhouse (2017). This review critically evaluates the efficacy of
these materials in curbing environmental degradation, analyzing their production
processes, durability, and potential scalability within the industry.
By scrutinizing the designer-led approaches and the spectrum of sustainable
materials, this review aims to unravel the intricacies, challenges, and prospects of
sustainability in fashion and textiles. It seeks to provide a comprehensive
understanding for stakeholders, researchers, and industry enthusiasts, offering
insights to foster a more eco-conscious and responsible trajectory for the fashion
and textile domains He et al. (2019).
Eco-friendly materials form a cornerstone of sustainable fashion. Traditional
textiles often rely on resource-intensive processes and materials like conventional
cotton, which demands substantial water and chemical usage. However, the
industry is gradually embracing alternatives such as organic cotton, hemp, bamboo,
and recycled fibers. These materials offer reduced environmental footprints
through lower resource consumption, decreased chemical usage, and minimized
waste generation.
Manufacturing processes are another critical aspect of sustainable fashion.
Concepts like 'zero-waste design' and 'circular economy' have gained traction,
encouraging designers and manufacturers to minimize waste throughout the
production cycle Henry et al. (2019). Techniques such as upcycling, where discarded
materials are transformed into new products of higher value, showcase the potential
for creative and sustainable solutions.
Ethical considerations are pivotal within sustainable fashion. Supply chain
transparency and fair labor practices have come under scrutiny, prompting
consumers to demand accountability from brands. Initiatives like fair wages, safe
working conditions, and reduced carbon emissions during manufacturing are
becoming central to sustainable brand identities Yasin & Sun (2019).
Consumer behavior plays a crucial role in shaping the fashion industry's
trajectory. The rise of conscious consumerism has led to increased demand for
sustainable products. This shift in mindset emphasizes the importance of educating
consumers about the environmental and social impacts of their choices, thus
encouraging more responsible purchasing decisions.
2. SCOPE OF REVIEW
The principal objective of this research endeavor is to foster heightened
consciousness among both consumers and corporations pertaining to the entirety
of the fashion product life cycle, advocating for the integration of sustainable
Jyoti Sawant, Ramratan Guru, Deepika Grewal, Dr. Sunil Changdev Talekar, and Swapanali Parveen Kulkarni
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materials. The focal point of this effort involves vigilant oversight over the sourcing
and legitimacy of materials, commencing from their raw form and extending
through the various stages of production until the eventual receipt by end
consumers. By orchestrating this process, the overarching aim is to provoke a
paradigm shift among designers and corporate entities, stimulating a reorientation
towards sustainability-centric thinking. This transformation is anticipated to
catalyze the development of novel product lines that are intrinsically aligned with a
visionary pursuit of sustainability within the fashion industry.
1) Sustainability:
Sustainability is a fundamental principle that encompasses every facet of living,
guiding practices and choices towards a harmonious coexistence with the
environment, society, and economy. From individual actions to global policies,
embracing sustainability is crucial for securing a more balanced and resilient future
for generations to come.
At its core, sustainable living entails responsible consumption and mindful
resource utilization. It starts with everyday choices, such as reducing waste,
conserving energy, and minimizing water consumption. These actions, when
adopted collectively, contribute significantly to environmental preservation. Simple
habits like recycling, using energy-efficient appliances, opting for public
transportation or carpooling, and conserving water not only reduce individual
ecological footprints but also create a collective impact on global resource
management.
Sustainable living extends beyond personal habits to include ethical and
conscious consumer choices. Supporting brands and products that prioritize
sustainable sourcing, ethical labor practices, and minimal environmental impact
drives market demand for responsible production. This, in turn, encourages
industries to adopt more sustainable practices and reduces the exploitation of
resources and people.
Education and awareness are integral components of sustainable living.
Empowering individuals with knowledge about environmental issues, biodiversity
conservation, climate change, and sustainable practices fosters a deeper
understanding and commitment to preserving the planet. Educational institutions,
advocacy groups, and community initiatives play crucial roles in disseminating
information and encouraging sustainable behaviors.
In governance and policy-making, sustainability serves as a guiding principle
for shaping legislation and regulations. Governments worldwide are increasingly
adopting policies that promote renewable energy, conservation of natural
resources, emission reduction, and sustainable development. International
agreements and frameworks, such as the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), set global agendas aimed at achieving a more
sustainable and equitable future for all.
Furthermore, sustainable living emphasizes social equity and inclusivity. It
recognizes the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and economic aspects,
striving to ensure that progress is not at the expense of marginalized communities.
Prioritizing fair labor practices, social justice, and access to basic resources like
clean water and healthcare are essential components of a sustainable society.
In essence, sustainability is a holistic approach that integrates environmental
stewardship, social responsibility, and economic viability. Embracing sustainability
in every aspect of life – from personal choices to global initiatives – fosters
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resilience, promotes harmony with nature, and supports a more equitable and
prosperous world for present and future generations.
2) Sustainability of Textile Industry:
The interconnection between efficiency and sustainability stands as a
foundational premise. The concept of achieving "more with less" epitomizes a
pivotal stride toward sustainable practices. Companies and brands that embark
upon the path of manufacturing goods of superior quality while minimizing energy
consumption and resource inputs are poised not only for natural growth but also for
profitable outcomes. This dual advantage underscores the inherent benefits derived
from such conscientious endeavors. Within the textile industry, sustainability plays
an ever more central role, acting as a propulsive catalyst towards an ethos that
champions environmentally mindful and socially responsible modes of textile
production. Sustainability in textiles encompasses a wide range of practices aimed
at reducing the industry's environmental impact, promoting ethical manufacturing,
and fostering a circular economy Shen et al. (2017).
At the heart of sustainable textile production lies the choice of materials.
Conventional textile manufacturing heavily relies on resource-intensive materials
like conventional cotton, polyester, and nylon, which often involve high energy
consumption, water usage, and chemical treatments. However, sustainable textiles
prioritize eco-friendly alternatives such as organic cotton, hemp, bamboo, and
recycled fibers Kazancoglu et al. (2020).
Organic cotton, grown without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, significantly
reduces environmental harm by preserving soil health, conserving water, and
safeguarding biodiversity. Hemp, a highly versatile and fast-growing crop, requires
fewer resources and minimal chemical inputs, making it an environmentally
friendly choice. Bamboo, known for its rapid growth rate and minimal need for
water and pesticides, presents itself as a sustainable option for textile production
Islam et al. (2021). Furthermore, recycled fibers sourced from post-consumer waste
or industrial scraps reduce the demand for virgin materials and divert textile waste
from landfills, contributing to a circular economy.
Innovative advancements have also led to the emergence of alternative
materials derived from natural sources. Fabrics crafted from pineapple leaves
(Pin atex), orange peels, algae, and mushroom mycelium showcase the potential for
sustainable textiles. These biomaterials offer biodegradability, durability, and
reduced environmental impact, presenting new avenues for sustainable textile
innovation Saleem & Zaidi (2020).
Sustainability in textile production isn’t limited to material choices; it extends
to manufacturing processes as well. Adopting eco-friendly practices like using low-
impact dyes and chemicals, reducing water usage, and implementing energy-
efficient technologies significantly minimizes the environmental footprint of textile
production. Techniques such as waterless dyeing, where innovative technologies
allow for dyeing fabrics without water, and digital printing methods reduce
chemical and water usage while enhancing sustainability. The textile industry is
increasingly embracing circularity – the concept of creating closed-loop systems
that minimize waste and maximize the use of resources. The integration of recycling
and upcycling initiatives within the textile sector serves as a pivotal driver in
realizing the ideals of a circular economy. These initiatives involve intricate
processes that transform discarded fabrics into renewed fibers, yarns, or finished
garments. Such practices substantially diminish the reliance on raw materials while
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simultaneously diverting textile waste away from landfills, aligning with the
overarching goals of sustainability.
Furthermore, sustainability in textiles encapsulates a conscientious emphasis
on ethical manufacturing methodologies. Central to this approach is the assurance
of fair wages, the provision of safe working conditions, and the steadfast protection
of workers' rights across the entire supply chain. Notably, sustainable textile
production hinges upon collaborations between brands and manufacturers and
certified facilities that espouse and prioritize fair labor practices. These
partnerships are instrumental in fostering an industry that is not only
environmentally conscious but also ethically and socially responsible Nimkar
(2018).
Sustainability within the textile industry extends beyond its environmental
advantages; it encompasses a broader scope that resonates with the evolving
mindset of consumers. There is a notable shift in consumer consciousness towards
a deeper understanding of the ethical and environmental implications stemming
from their clothing choices. This heightened awareness has precipitated an
escalating demand for textiles that are not only sustainable but also produced in an
ethically responsible manner. Brands that prioritize sustainability gain a
competitive edge by meeting consumer expectations for eco-friendly and
responsible products.
3) Sustainable materials:
The textile fashion industry is increasingly prioritizing sustainability,
emphasizing the use of textile fibers that are naturally sustainable and have minimal
environmental impact. Examples of these sustainable fibers in the textile sector
include organic cotton, bamboo, flax, hemp, jute, ramie, sisal, abaca, among others.
The current focus on sustainability is not merely a passing trend but a crucial
concept for long-term survival in business.
While fabric finishing and garment manufacturing consume significant
resources such as energy and water, textile industry producers are proactively
considering sustainable practices right from the initial stages. Embracing
sustainable fibers as raw materials for creating textile fashion products signifies a
fundamental approach toward sustainability from the outset. However, there
remains considerable confusion regarding the sustainability impacts of textile
material production. Generally, natural fibers are often regarded as more
sustainable, while synthetic fibers are perceived as less sustainable. This viewpoint
is rooted in the belief that natural fibers require fewer resources during production
compared to synthetic fibers, and synthetic fibers tend to have greater adverse
effects on both people and the environment Cai & Choi (2020).
Certainly, the sustainability analysis involves a more comprehensive
understanding. While the production of synthetic fibers demands substantial
resources, the cultivation of cotton carries its own significant impacts. Growing
cotton necessitates large quantities of pesticides, fertilizers, and water. To produce
1 kg of cotton, approximately 8000 liters of water are required. In comparison, the
production of 1 kg of polyester utilizes less water. However, it requires twice the
amount of energy compared to producing the same quantity of cotton. As an
alternative to conventional cotton, organic cotton or low-chemical cotton presents
itself as a sustainable option due to its social and environmental benefits. The
production of organic cotton involves the avoidance of synthetic pesticides and
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fertilizers, resulting in reduced water consumption. This approach contributes to
the promotion of sustainability by mitigating adverse environmental impacts.
The societal and ethical impacts of fibers extend beyond environmental
concerns. Presently, the carbon emissions generated during the production of
synthetic fibers pose a significant issue. Consequently, there is a growing demand
for carbon-neutral fibers, such as those derived from plants like bamboo and
Lyocell. These fibers exhibit the unique capability to absorb the same quantity of
carbon dioxide from the environment during their growth as they release
throughout their production cycles, thereby contributing to maintaining a cleaner
atmosphere. In contrast to oil-dependent non-biodegradable synthetic fibers like
polyester and nylon, there's a noticeable shift towards renewable and
biodegradable synthetic fibers derived from natural resources, such as Lyocell and
Poly Lactic Acid (PLA). These natural plant fibers and synthetic fibers produced
from natural resources are inherently eco-friendly, consuming fewer resources, and
are both recyclable and sustainable in their characteristics. This transition supports
a more environmentally conscious approach within the textile industry, promoting
sustainability and reduced ecological impact.
4) Significance of sustainability in todays world:
Sustainable fashion and textiles have gained immense significance in today's
world due to the pressing need to address the environmental and social impact of
the fashion industry. This movement towards sustainability encompasses various
practices aimed at reducing the industry's ecological footprint and promoting
ethical production methods.
The significance of sustainable fashion lies in its potential to mitigate the
adverse effects of the traditional fashion industry, which is known for its resource-
intensive processes, high carbon emissions, and extensive waste generation. By
embracing eco-friendly materials such as organic cotton, hemp, recycled fibers, and
innovative textiles made from natural sources, sustainable fashion aims to minimize
environmental degradation. These materials often require fewer resources, less
water, and reduced chemical usage compared to conventional fabrics Gardas et al.
(2018).
Furthermore, the importance of sustainability in fashion extends beyond
materials to encompass ethical considerations and responsible manufacturing
practices. This includes ensuring fair wages, safe working conditions, and
transparency throughout the supply chain. By prioritizing ethical production,
sustainable fashion endeavors to promote social justice and improve working
conditions for garment workers worldwide.
In today's world, consumers are increasingly conscious of their purchasing
decisions and are demanding transparency from fashion brands. This consumer-
driven shift towards sustainable fashion is crucial in driving change within the
industry. Brands that prioritize sustainability are gaining popularity among
consumers who seek environmentally friendly products and support ethical
practices.
Moreover, sustainable fashion aligns with the concept of a circular economy,
emphasizing the importance of reducing, reusing, and recycling clothing. Initiatives
promoting circularity, such as garment recycling programs, upcycling, and
designing for longevity, aim to minimize textile waste and extend the lifespan of
fashion items.
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Overall, the importance of sustainable fashion and textiles in today's world
cannot be overstated. It represents a necessary shift towards a more responsible
and environmentally conscious industry that considers the long-term well-being of
the planet and its inhabitants. Embracing sustainability in fashion is crucial not only
for reducing environmental impact but also for fostering ethical practices, meeting
consumer demands, and creating a more sustainable future for the fashion industry
and beyond.
5) Sustainable practices for textile:
The evolution toward sustainable practices within textile production signifies
a paradigm shift towards environmental stewardship and ethical responsibility. At
the forefront of this movement lies the practice of organic farming, advocating for
the abandonment of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers in favor of nurturing fibers
like cotton, hemp, and flax through natural alternatives. This not only fosters the
growth of these crucial textiles but also heralds a commitment to preserving
biodiversity, offering a substantial departure from the environmental impact
associated with conventional agricultural methods.
The infusion of creativity and innovation emerges in the concepts of recycling
and upcycling, injecting new vitality into the industry by incorporating recycled
materials and breathing new life into discarded resources. This transformation into
higher-value products markedly reduces reliance on virgin resources and
underscores a proactive stance against the mounting challenges of waste
accumulation in textile production Palacios-Mateo et al. (2021).
The conservation of water resources stands as a cornerstone in sustainable
textile production. The adoption of cutting-edge technologies and processes aimed
at minimizing water usage, exemplified by water-efficient dyeing techniques and the
implementation of closed-loop water systems, plays a pivotal role in upholding
environmental preservation as an integral industry priority.
Concomitantly, the migration towards low-impact dyes and chemicals
symbolizes a conscious departure from conventional practices, pivoting toward the
utilization of natural, non-toxic, or biodegradable alternatives in dyeing and
finishing processes. This transformative approach not only mitigates pollution but
also exemplifies a commitment to curbing the detrimental environmental
repercussions often linked to traditional chemical usage.
The propulsion towards energy-efficient manufacturing signifies a concerted
effort to harness renewable energy sources and optimize production processes,
thereby curtailing energy consumption and carbon emissions. This strategic
alignment with sustainability objectives represents a fundamental shift towards a
more eco-conscious industry.
The establishment of closed-loop systems within the production cycle further
underscores this commitment by enabling the continual recycling and reutilization
of materials, thereby significantly reducing waste output and diminishing the
demand for raw resources.
Delving deeper into the realm of sustainable fiber production, the exploration
of alternative materials such as bamboo, hemp, Tencel, and other environmentally
friendly options signifies a departure from the resource-intensive nature of
traditional textiles, heralding a pivotal stride towards environmental preservation
and resource efficiency Toprak & Anis (2017).
The adherence to stringent certifications and standards, exemplified by GOTS,
OEKO-TEX, or Cradle to Cradle, serves as a guiding beacon ensuring the
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comprehensive adoption of environmentally and socially responsible practices
throughout the production chain. This adherence not only instills consumer
confidence but also embodies a commitment to sustainable principles.
Furthermore, the reduction of chemical usage through the integration of
innovative methodologies, including natural alternatives and cutting-edge
technologies like plasma technology, reflects a resolute dedication to mitigating
environmental harm within the textile production landscape.
Emphasizing ethical labor practices as a cornerstone, the assurance of fair
wages, safe working conditions, and unwavering compliance with labor rights
across the supply chain underscores a commitment to social sustainability, fostering
an industry that champions equity and responsibility.
Embracing digital innovation and technological advancements, such as 3D
knitting, digital printing, and computer-aided design (CAD), not only underscores a
commitment to minimizing waste but also heralds a significant leap towards
enhancing production efficiency, aligning with the overarching objectives of
sustainability Peters & Simaens (2020).
Finally, the implementation of robust traceability and transparency systems,
empowering consumers to trace the origins of textiles and verify ethical sourcing,
contributes significantly to building trust and confidence in products that uphold
environmental and social responsibility.
6) Eco-Fashion in the clothing sector:
In the early 1990s, global communities and businesses began embracing the
green movement, seeking eco-friendly alternatives like organic cotton, bamboo
fibers, biodegradable detergents, and papers sourced from sustainably managed
forests. These products were marketed and sold under the umbrella of 'eco-
friendly.' However, over time, customers became dissatisfied as they found that the
quality of these eco-friendly products did not align with their prices. Esprit
Company notably launched their 'Ecollection,' featuring garments made from
organic cotton with natural dyes. Initially, this collection gained substantial market
traction, but customers gradually lost interest due to limited color ranges and dull
hues. An innovative move was made by PATAGONIA, introducing a fleece jacket
crafted from recyclable PET plastic bottles, which proved immensely successful in
the market. As a result, numerous other companies followed suit, creating their
versions of fleece jackets from PET bottles. However, this also led to the emergence
of cheap fleece jackets in the lower-quality market segment, with some
manufacturers using different materials that were not actually recycled.
The green movement in the clothing sector gained substantial momentum in
the late 20th century and has persisted into the 21st century. It originated from
increased awareness of environmental issues, encompassing concerns about
pollution, resource depletion, and social issues associated with labor practices
within the fashion industry. This ongoing movement reflects a continued effort to
address these critical environmental and social challenges within the fashion and
textile sectors. In the late 20th century, as information about the negative
environmental impact of the clothing industry became more widely known,
consumers, activists, and certain fashion brands started advocating for sustainable
practices. This movement was fueled by concerns over the excessive use of
resources, pollution from textile production, and the exploitation of labor in some
manufacturing processes Kazancoglu et al. (2020).
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The shift towards sustainability in the clothing sector accelerated in the early
2000s, with increasing public awareness, regulations, and the emergence of eco-
conscious consumer behavior. This led to the rise of eco-friendly materials, recycling
initiatives, fair trade practices, and ethical fashion movements aimed at reducing the
industry's environmental and social footprint.
7) The sustainable methodology adopted by designers:
Fashion designers play a crucial role in adopting sustainable practices. Their
choice to use eco-friendly materials, minimize waste, and ensure fair labor practices
during clothing production significantly impacts the environment and society. This
approach isn't just about enhancing the fashion industry's future; it's about creating
a positive impact on both people and the planet. By prioritizing sustainability,
designers contribute to a more balanced and environmentally friendly world.
In recent years, as sustainability has become integral to the textile industry,
numerous fashion companies have engaged diverse designers to enhance their
product market presence effectively. Designers, as trendsetters, envision future
consumer perceptions and approaches. Essentially, they serve as the cornerstone of
fashion and retail companies, greatly influencing product sales. Drawing inspiration
from various sources such as colors, locations, current fashion trends, magazines,
catalogs, and their surroundings, designers craft products. Throughout the design
process, they advise companies on the entire supply chain, detailing the product's
journey from raw materials to the final garment. Hence, it is crucial for designers to
embrace a sustainable mindset and advocate for sustainable materials in the
company's product range. Fashion designers embracing sustainable methodologies
play a pivotal role in shaping both the clothing industry and the planet's future.
Their dedication to integrating eco-consciousness into their designs and practices
holds profound significance in our contemporary world. Yasin & Sun (2019).
At its core, a sustainable approach in fashion design revolves around
minimizing environmental impact and promoting ethical practices throughout the
entire production cycle. This means using eco-friendly materials, reducing waste,
and ensuring fair treatment of workers involved in the creation of garments.
One of the fundamental aspects of sustainable fashion design involves the
choice of materials. Designers opt for organic fibers, recycled fabrics, or other
renewable resources, significantly reducing the negative environmental impact
associated with traditional textile production. For instance, organic cotton
cultivation uses fewer pesticides and promotes healthier soil, water conservation,
and biodiversity preservation compared to conventional cotton farming. Similarly,
recycled polyester lessens reliance on virgin resources and reduces energy
consumption and emissions.
Moreover, a sustainable approach emphasizes the reduction of waste at every
stage of production. Designers employ techniques like zero-waste pattern cutting,
where patterns are crafted in a way that leaves minimal or no fabric scraps.
Additionally, embracing innovative technologies and processes that allow for
recycling materials and transforming waste into new clothing items further
contributes to a circular fashion economy He et al. (2019).
Fair labor practices are another vital component of sustainable fashion.
Designers ensure that the individuals involved in creating their clothing are treated
ethically and paid fair wages. This commitment not only supports the well-being of
workers but also promotes social justice within the fashion supply chain.
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he significance of designers adopting sustainable approaches goes beyond the
fashion industry itself. It reflects a shift towards a more responsible and
conscientious consumer culture. By advocating for sustainability, designers
encourage consumers to make informed choices, supporting brands that prioritize
ethical and eco-friendly practices. This, in turn, creates a demand for more
sustainable products, fostering a positive cycle of change in the industry.
Furthermore, the impact of sustainable fashion extends to environmental
conservation. By reducing the use of toxic chemicals, conserving water, and
decreasing carbon emissions, sustainable approaches help mitigate the industry's
adverse effects on the environment. This contributes to preserving natural
resources and ecosystems, thereby supporting a healthier planet for current and
future generations.
3. USE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS INCLUDING HEAVY METALS
Chemicals including heavy metals in textile Industry has resulted in severe
environmental pollution and health hazards. Therefore, it is crucial for the textile
industry to adopt eco-friendly practices and alternative sources of dyes to minimize
the negative impact on the environment and protect the well-being of both the
planet and its inhabitants. The use of toxic chemicals, including heavy metals, in the
textile industry has not only led to severe environmental pollution but also poses
significant health hazards. These chemicals, when released into the water bodies,
can contaminate drinking water sources and harm aquatic life. Moreover, they can
also have detrimental effects on the health of textile industry workers, as well as
consumers who come into contact with these toxic textiles. Around 25% of the
chemical compounds produced worldwide are used to a greater or lesser extent in
the textile industry globally. As many as 2000 different chemicals are used in textile
processing, especially in textile wet processing, many of which are known to be
harmful to human (and animal) health.
4. GENERATION OF HUGE WASTE
The textile industry plays a big role in creating environmental waste,
generating large amounts of post-consumer waste, industrial byproducts from
various stages of production, and hazardous materials from related industries.
Properly getting rid of this waste is a challenge because there are not enough
advanced recycling technologies that can handle mixed materials. As a result, a lot
of this waste either ends up in landfills or gets burned, adding to environmental
issues. This problem is made worse by the increasing consumption of textiles, driven
by fast fashion trends and the ongoing pandemic. This rise in demand only
exacerbates the global textile waste problem. To address this issue, there is a
growing need for sustainable approaches in textile waste management, emphasizing
the importance of recycling and reducing the environmental impact of textile
production and disposal.
5. CONCLUSION
The fashion and textile industry are undergoing a transformative shift toward
sustainability, driven by a growing recognition of the need to address
environmental and social concerns. This review has explored the multifaceted
dimensions of sustainability within this industry, emphasizing the pivotal role of
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designers, the emergence of eco-friendly materials, and the significance of consumer
behavior in shaping a more responsible and environmentally conscious sector.
Designers have become crucial agents of change by integrating sustainability
into their creative processes. Their decisions regarding material selection,
manufacturing techniques, and supply chain management are instrumental in
steering the industry toward more sustainable practices. Strategies like zero-waste
design, circular economy principles, and upcycling showcase innovative approaches
that minimize waste and promote eco-conscious solutions. The review has
highlighted the importance of sustainable materials in revolutionizing fashion and
textiles. Eco-friendly alternatives such as organic cotton, hemp, recycled fibers, and
innovative biodegradable textiles offer reduced environmental footprints through
lower resource consumption and decreased chemical usage. Assessing these
materials' efficacy in curbing environmental degradation, analyzing their
production processes, durability, and scalability within the industry, provides
insights into their potential contributions to sustainability.
Moreover, the significance of sustainability extends beyond materials to
encompass ethical considerations, supply chain transparency, and fair labor
practices. Consumer behavior has also undergone a shift, emphasizing the
importance of educating individuals about the environmental and social impacts of
their choices, thereby encouraging more responsible purchasing decisions. The
research project's primary aim is to create awareness among consumers and
companies about the value chain of fashion products and the utilization of
sustainable materials throughout the product life cycle. By promoting sustainability
from sourcing raw materials to the finished product, this initiative aims to change
mindsets and foster the development of new, environmentally conscious products.
Sustainability, as a guiding principle, encompasses environmental stewardship,
social responsibility, and economic viability. It involves responsible consumption,
mindful resource utilization, and ethical consumer choices. Governments,
international agreements, educational institutions, and advocacy groups all play
pivotal roles in promoting sustainability across various domains, fostering a more
balanced and resilient future.
In the textile industry specifically, sustainability is intertwined with efficiency.
Making more with less, optimizing energy and input usage while ensuring quality
production, underscores the industry's commitment to sustainability. The adoption
of eco-friendly practices, reduced water usage, low-impact dyes, and the focus on
ethical manufacturing practices are pivotal in reducing the industry's
environmental impact. The role of fashion designers in embracing sustainability
cannot be overstated. Their adoption of eco-friendly materials, reduction of waste,
and emphasis on fair labor practices significantly impact the environment and
society. This shift toward sustainable fashion design not only promotes ethical
practices but also influences consumer behavior and supports environmental
conservation. The move towards sustainability in the fashion and textile industry
represents a critical step in addressing the environmental and social challenges
faced by the sector. By integrating eco-friendly practices, embracing ethical
considerations, and fostering consumer awareness, the industry can progress
towards a more responsible, equitable, and environmentally conscious future.
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
None.
Sustainability in Textiles: A Critical Review of Eco – Friendly Practices and Materials
ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts
96
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
None.
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