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INFLUENCE OF AN INNOVATIVE MEANS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE ON THE CONDITIONS OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION AND NORMOTYPICAL PEERS OF 7-9 YEARS OLD
Abstract
Введение. В статье, представленной по номенклатуре специальностей 5.8.6, 5.8.5 (педагогические науки), обоснована концепция содержания этапов и удельного веса применяемых средств физической культуры младших школьников на примере инновационного комбинированного упражнения. Краткий анализ литературы. Ретроспективой установлено, что сегодня не в полной мере используется потенциал утренней и дыхательной гимнастики, физкультминутки, специальных упражнений для развития осанки, закаливания. Цель: изучение физического состояния, разработка содержания и технологии реализации комбинированного упражнения по физической культуре для младших школьников 7–9 лет с задержкой психического развития и нормальными показателями здоровья. Гипотеза исследования заключалась в предположении о том, что использование комбинированного упражнения по физической культуре для младших школьников 7–9 лет с задержкой психического развития и нормотипичных сверстников с учетом предварительного анализа текущего их физического развития по центильным таблицам, алгоритма последовательности и удельного веса распределения содержания средств, позволит конкретизировать сенситивные периоды развития их моторных способностей, тем самым повысить толерантность здоровьесберегающего компонента. Использовались методы: теоретический анализ и обобщение; педагогическое наблюдение; тестирование и контрольные испытания; проверка и оценка физического состояния (соматометрия, соматотипирование, диагностика кардиоваскулярной и респираторной систем, моторного развития, уровня габаритного варьирования); педагогический эксперимент; биометрия. Организация исследования. Перекрёстный педагогический эксперимент был организован и проведен в 2022–2023 гг. на базах Средней общеобразовательной школы № 31г. Тамбова и специальной коррекционной школы №6 г. Пскова. Результаты. Обоснован концепт алгоритма последовательности и наполнения здоровьесберегающего содержания физической культуры искомых школьников: текущая оценка состояния по центильным таблицам «с задержкой психического развития» / «нормотипичными параметрами» → подвижные игры (40% / 50% – для эмоционального фона мотивации к начальной двигательной активности) → базовые средства развития выносливости и скоростно-силовых способностей (40% /30%) → дыхательные упражнения и упражнения для осанки; средства закаливания (20% /20%). Выводы и заключение. Выявленная технология способствует прогрессу (р < 0,05) состояния здоровья как у лиц с нормальным протеканием физиологических процессов, так и с рядом отклонений в психическом развитии.
Introduction. In the article, presented according to the nomenclature of specialties 5.8.6, 5.8.5 (pedagogical sciences), the concept of the content of stages and the specific weight of the applied means of physical culture of younger schoolchildren is substantiated on the example of an innovative combined exercise. A brief analysis of the literature. In retrospect, it has been established that today the potential of morning and breathing exercises, physical training, special exercises for the development of posture and hardening is not fully used. Objective: to study the physical condition, develop the content and technology for the implementation of a combined exercise in physical education for younger schoolchildren aged 7–9 years with mental retardation and normal health indicators. The hypothesis of the study was based on the assumption that the use of a combined exercise in physical education for younger schoolchildren aged 7–9 years with mental retardation and normotypical peers, taking into account the preliminary analysis of their current physical development according to centile tables, the algorithm of sequence and the specific weight of the distribution of the content of means, will make it possible to specify the sensitive periods of the development of their motor skills abilities, thereby increasing the tolerance of the health-saving component. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization; pedagogical observation; testing and control tests; verification and assessment of physical condition (somatometry, somatotyping, diagnostics of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, motor development, level of dimensional variation); pedagogical experiment; biometrics. Organization of the study. The cross-pedagogical experiment was organized and conducted in 2022–2023 on the basis of Secondary School No. 31 in Tambov and Special Correctional School No. 6 in Pskov. Outcomes. The concept of the algorithm for the sequence and filling of the health-saving content of physical education of the desired schoolchildren is substantiated: the current assessment of the state according to the centile tables «with mental retardation» / «normotypical parameters» → outdoor games (40% / 50% – for the emotional background of motivation for initial motor activity) → basic means of developing endurance and speed and strength abilities (40% / 30 %) → breathing and posture exercises; hardening products (20%/20%). Conclusions and conclusion. The identified technology contributes to the progress (p < 0,05) of the state of health both in persons with a normal course of physiological processes and with a number of deviations in mental development.
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The article considers the problem of activation of people of retirement age during the period of self-isolation and studies education as a means of their activation. As a research method, the questionnaire method was used, which allows us most effectively to find out the features in the attitude of retirement age people who are in self-isolation to personal development through education. It is determined that with the help of education in conditions of self-isolation and in the presence of a modern information society, elderly people want to activate their resources, increase their own professional competence in various fields of knowledge, and master various skills in response to a stressful situation during the situation of self-isolation. It is revealed that most of all during the period of self-isolation, people of retirement age need knowledge from the field of psychology and pedagogy; slightly less in knowledge from the field of medicine and political science; rather low interest in knowledge from the field of agricultural sciences. It is shown that people of retirement age showed interest in computer literacy, knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, history and culture of their native land. Keywords: Self-isolation, coronavirus pandemic, retirement age, educational strategies.
The Physical education classes of students with special educational needs have itself peculiarities which is logical and explainable. It is well known that the load density is an indirect indicator for physical load because it gives information only for the capacity of the load and not for the intensity. Although this indicator is the necessary first condition for achieving optimal physical load. However, the criterion of optimality and sufficiency is different when it comes to children with mental retardation. This is due not only to differences in the psycho-physical development of these children, but is also dictated by the different aims and “more modest” tasks of physical education and sport in children with intellectual disabilities. The physical activity and the associated physical load are an indispensable factor for the proper psycho-physical development of adolescents. It is equally necessary for both normal children and those with psycho-physical anomalies.
Objective: Assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) is increasingly used to evaluate dynamic features of cardiovascular (cv) control mechanisms and offers a unique insight into autonomic cv modulation in health and diseases. Regular exercise is known to positively influence hemodynamics and various cv risk factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nine-month moderate interval-training program on HRV in elementary school children.
Methods: 68 students (aged 8.6±0.5 years, 49% girls, BMI 17.9±2.5kg/m2 ), were randomized into intervention (IG) (n=34) and control (KG) (n=34) groups. Both IG and KG had regular physical education classes (PE) (3x45min/week). During a nine-month intervention period IG, received an additional exercise intervention program (2x45min/week). Time and frequency domain measures of HRV were obtained before and after the intervention program.
Results: In contrast to KG, IG showed positive modifications of HRV parameters. After the intervention, High Frequency-Power (HF-Power) increased by 7.5% (p<0.001) and Low Frequency- Power (LF-Power) decreased by 3.6% (p<0.026) in IG. After the nine-month intervention, the IG and KG showed differences in HF-Power (p<0.001) and LF-Power (p<0.003) alterations.
Conclusion: In elementary school children, an additional regular moderate intensity interval training had favorable effects on measures of cardiac autonomic control due to increasing cardiac vagal activity. Therefore, exercise time in children should be increased as early as possible to positively influence cardiac autonomic function
Parenting is a process that parents must carry out in directing, supporting, and guiding children in a real, social, and mental manner. Parents must guide children, one of which is in terms of education. Tunagrahitaan is a person with special needs with intellectual, physical, social, emotional, and social retardation who requires special attention to develop maximum potential. Achievement is a real ability obtained from an interaction of various factors that influence both from within and outside the individual in learning. Achievements are achieved through work tenacity, where each individual pursues achievements according to their respective fields and abilities. Getting achievements is what all students want both in academic achievement and non-academic achievement, including for children with special needs with mental disabilities. In SLBN Banjarnegara, there are several children with mental disabilities who excel in non-academic fields, parenting in shaping children is a necessary and important thing in developing the potential of children with mental disabilities at SLBN Banjarnegara. This study aims to find out how the care carried out by parents in shaping children with mental disabilities with non-academic achievements. This research uses a type of case study research, with a qualitative descriptive approach by conducting research at SLBN Banjarnegara, research sources in the form of primary and secondary data sources, and the process of collecting research data through interviews, observations, and documentation. the care provided by the parents of children with mental disabilities forming non-academically outstanding children has provided care from each parent, starting from providing care, meeting needs, and motivating children to develop their potential and excel. The parenting style carried out by each subject or parent in using the parenting style or type, including using supportive and permissive.
Much of John Zizioulas’ treatment of the human being as a person revolves around four crucial concepts: being, otherness, ontology, and freedom. Our critical appraisal of Zizioulas’ concept of human personhood emphasizes the importance of creative tension between (ontological) freedom and contingency as understood within the frame of reference of the human being’s intrinsic contingency as a finite, created being. According to this concept, the other (another distinct embodied personhood) is neither an object nor competition but rather a gift for one’s self who reminds me of one’s limitedness, dependence, and deep relatedness. Thus, the other helps the human self realize his/her potential in a mutual sharing of love. We examine Zizioulas’ critical stance to the modern notion that ‘otherness is necessary for freedom to exist’ against the background of his treatment of ‘otherness’ and ‘nature,’ as well as ‘otherness’ and ‘new being,’ ‘Logos,’ and ‘new nature.’ Finally, we lay out Zizioulas’ mature ontology of human personhood as a profound albeit mystical account of what it means to be human in our fragmented age.
The article analyses the moral justification of human germline editing and the tendency to its legalization. The study is based on documents of international organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), national bioethics committees and others that regulate the usage of technologies for human germline editing or issue related recommendations. The paper analyzes the impact of the introduction of new technologies on human germline editing recommendations. It is concluded that that the development of biotechnologies contributes to liberal attitude towards human germline editing, slowly canceling the technologies’ usage ban firstly for therapeutic purposes, and then for the human enhancement purposes. The article suggests that the development of biotechnologies makes it difficult to apply the old bioethics principles; and exacerbates the discussion about the boundaries of the new biotechnologies’ application. Despite the shock and condemnation of the first experiments that violate ban (as in the cases with CRISPR/Cas9 in 2015 and 2018 in China), the scientific community, international organizations and governments return to the issue concerning gene editing technologies limitation. The inability to be guided by the old bioethics principles forces to look for new ethical grounds for gene editing. Now old principles and values are applied with utilitarian approach in ethics, that cancel ban and raises the issue of human germline editing limitation. The article also describes the limits of permissible interventions in the issue of human germline editing at the end of 2021.
BACKGROUND: Every year thousands of Russian students challenge the problems associated with examination loads, which is known to be one of the most common causes of mental stress in high school students. Modern clinical medicine and applied physiology deal with various functional states of the body developed under the influence of different stress factors. Studying the myocardial activity and volumetric characteristics of pulse wave will reveal the level of disturbances. The objective of the research is to study the indicators of myocardial rate variability and volumetric characteristics of pulse wave in assessment of adaptation levels in students experiencing examination loads. METHODS: The techniques of photoplethysmography (PPG) and cardiorhythmography were used. The research involved 35 apparently healthy students at the first stage (intersession period) and 21 healthy students at the second stage (examination session period). Plethysmogram was recorded during 500 cardiac cycles, even breathing, no sighs. The studies were conducted at the regular academic day and during the examination session period. Study methods included active orthostatic testing in the intersession period (1st stage of the research) and in the examination session period, 30 minutes before the examination (2nd stage of the research). During the examination period the students were subjected to active orthostatic test 30 minutes before the examination started. RESULTS: The significant differences obtained within the research indicated the disturbed microcirculation and baroreg-ulation associated with the effects of examination loads. CONCLUSIONS: Examination loads are able to provide a complex influence on the students' psychophysiological state during the examination session and on the examination day in particular.
This special paper provides a critical overview of wicked problems in special and inclusive education. Practically, this paper provides a strategic framework for future special issues in the Journal of Special Educational Needs. Critical attention is also given to the concept of a wicked problem when applied to research in special and inclusive education: the suggestion is made this focus can stimulate innovations necessary for educational change and begin the process through which key problems in the field are addressed. A final observation made is that tangible change is unlikely to occur in special and inclusive education without addressing the underpinning beliefs and behavioural motivations which sustain today's wicked problems. Systematic transformation is therefore unlikely to be sustained without disruptive attention to the psychological, cultural and political aspects of ‘the way things are’.
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