Diverzitet gljiva na tresetištima u Bosni i Hercegovini (Fungal diversity in peatlands of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Abstract
Mycological Society MycoBH is pleased to announce the publication of its new popular science book. This exciting book dives into the amazing world of fungi inhabiting peatlands throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Peatlands in Bosnia and Herzegovina are uncommon. These rare ecosystems occupy small areas and are particularly sensitive to environmental changes. Found primarily in mountainous regions, these peatlands are characterized by the presence of Sphagnum moss species, creating an atmosphere reminiscent of distant northern wilderness, making every visit a journey back in time.
Peatlands themselves are fascinating ecosystems - constantly damp and acidic, with low oxygen and nutrient levels. This harsh environment presents unique challenges, and the book showcases the fungal species that have developed exceptional adaptations to survive in such demanding conditions.
The book features a significant number of species recorded for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It also highlights rare and important species on a regional, European, and even global scale.
This publication is part of the project "Mires of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Important and Fragile Habitat Types and Refugium for Boreal and Circumboreal Fungal Species," supported by the Rufford Foundation.
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Peatland ecosystems are defined by soils with sufficient under-decomposed organic layer, called peat, formed under anoxic conditions. Peatlands are widespread around the world, with several highly paludified regions, one of which is the Western Siberian Plain. Peatlands store large amounts of carbon and are important in their intact state to counteract climate change, as well as for a variety of other ecosystem functions. From the practical aspect, these ecosystems are used as a source of peat for fuel, peat-based fertilisers and growing media, berries and Sphagnum plantations. Fungi are the key part of the decomposer community of peatlands, playing a critical role in the aerobic decomposition in the upper peat layer. The community of peatland fungi is adapted to decomposition of peat and dead parts of Sphagnum in wet acidic conditions; they form specific mycorrhizal associations with a variety of plants. Thus, the research of fungal diversity of peatlands is important for several reasons: 1) adding knowledge of peatland fungal diversity to local or global biodiversity databases; 2) studying carbon cycling in peatlands; 3) using peat and peatlands for different applications, such as cultivation of Sphagnum with regards to some parasitic species of fungi and 4) peatland restoration and conservation, to mention a few.
The community of macromycetes of the raised bog “Mukhrino” in Western Siberia was studied using plot-based monitoring throughout a 9-year observation period. The revealed species diversity is represented by approximately 500 specimens in the Fungarium of Yugra State University collection. Selected specimens were used for barcoding of the ITS region to reveal a total of 95 species from 33 genera and three classes. The barcoding effort confirmed morphological identifications for most specimens and identified a number of cryptic species and several potentially new taxa. Based on regular all-season observations, we describe the phenology of the community sporophore production. The quantitative community structure, based on sporophores, revealed a difference in abundance between species by four orders of magnitude, with rare species representing nearly half of the species list. The inter-annual fruiting abundance varied several times by the total number of sporophores per year. To make the comparisons with global studies, we created an open access database of literature-based observations of fungi in peatlands, based on about 120 published papers (comprising about 1300 species) and compared our species list with this database.
As a result, the study created an accurate representation of taxonomic and quantitative structure of the community of macromycetes in raised bogs in the region. The raw data of plot-based counts was published as a sampling-event dataset and the sequenced specimens with the sequence information as an DNA-derived extension dataset in GBIF.
Trizodia acrobia, ein mit Cyanobakterien assoziierter Ascomycet auf Torfmoosen
Eckstein J (2021): Trizodia acrobia, an ascomycet associated with cyanobacteria on peat moss. - Boletus 42(1): 53-55.
Abstract: A record of Trizodia acrobia Laukka from the Thuringian Forest near Schmiedefeld is presented and illustrated by macro-and microphotographs. The ascomycete always grows on peat mosses and also is associated with Cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault. This interesting life style is regarded as ancient yet poorly characterized symbiotic interaction and is described as borderline lichen. The species is hitherto known only from Finland and Norway. The collection in Thuringia is the first record for Germany.
Zusammenfassung: Ein Fund von Trizodia acrobia Laukka im Thüringer Wald bei Schmiedefeld wird vorgestellt und durch makroskopische und mikroskopische Abbildungen illustriert. Der Pilz wächst immer auf Torfmoosen und ist zudem mit Cyanobakterien der Gattung Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault assoziiert. Diese
interessante Lebensweise wird als evolutionär alt aber schwach symbiotisch angesehen und gilt als mögliche Vorstufe zur Entwicklung einer Flechtensymbiose. Die Art ist bisher nur aus Finnland und Norwegen bekannt und der Fund in Thüringen stellt den Erstnachweis für Deutschland dar.
As a result of the first research on macrofungi on peat moss habitats in Montenegro, three species new to the Montenegrin mycobiota are presented and described: Entoloma conferendum, Hygrocybe coccineocrenata, and Hypholoma ericaeum. The descriptions are accompanied by photographs of the basidiomata on site and some microscopic characters. Additionally, the second Montenegrin record of Bovista paludosa is presented and described, for the first time with locality and habitat data. Species identifications were checked by comparing ITS rDNA sequences from samples with the sequences in GenBank.
Collection of Discomycetes from two ombrotrophic bogs near Khanty-Mansiysk (boreal zone of West Siberia)
was made by direct observation method. 80 specimens were identified and 51 taxa from four orders (Helotiales,
Rhytismatales, Pezizales and Ostropales) revealed. Checklist with annotations presents data about occupied substrates,
types of plant communities, macro and micro morphological descriptions and comparisons of ecology of species with
reports from literature. This group was poorly known in ombrotrophic bogs and supplements our knowledge about the
structure of fungal community of peatlands.
The Canadian Wetland Classification System is based on manifestations of ecological processes in natural wetland ecosystems. It is hierarchical in structure and designed to allow identification at the broadest levels (class, form, type) by non-experts in different disciplines. The various levels are based on broad physiognomy and hydrology (classes); surface morphology (forms); and vegetation physiognomy (types). For more detailed studies, appropriate characterization and subdivisions can be applied. For ecological studies the wetlands can be further characterized by their chemical environment, each with distinctive indicator species, acidity, alkalinity, and base cation content. For peatlands, both chemical and vegetational differences indicate that the primary division should be acidic, Sphagnum-dominated bogs and poor fens on one hand and circumneutral to alkaline, brown moss-dominated rich fens on the other. Non peat-forming wetlands (marshes, swamps) lack the well developed bryophyte ground layer of the fens and bogs, and are subject to severe seasonal water level fluctuations. The Canadian Wetland Classification System has been successfully used in Arctic, Subarctic, Boreal and Temperate regions of Canada.
in the short, stout, smooth stalk, surface somewhat wrinkled. Excipulum with a thin brown outer layer, about Io[L thick, composed of parallel hyphae 3-4V diameter with thin brown walls, and an inner, glassy, gelatinised zone 50o-6oV0 thick, containing hyphae of similar diameter, sparsely distributed through a hyaline matrix; flesh thick, formed of loosely woven, thin-walled, nongelatinised hyphae, 7-Io % diameter, which become tightly woven in the stipe and form a brownish stromatic base to the apothecium. Asci cylindric-clavate, I I o x I I , apex thick-walled, pore plug stained deep blue by Melzer's reagent, 8-spored; ascospores uniseriate or obscurely biseriate above, elliptical to reniform, 13-14 x 5-6?, hyaline, nonseptate, secondary spores not observed; paraphyses simple, cylindrical, 3V diameter at the rounded tip. Black lines occur in the substrate. Fig. I, p. 318. On stem of Chamaenerion angustifolium, Howldale, Pickering, Yorkshire,
Tresetišta na bosanskim planinama. Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu
- S Barudanović
- E Mašić
- A Macanović
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A. 2017. Tresetišta na bosanskim planinama. Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu. 184 str.
Die Pilze Österreichs. Verzeichnis und Rote Liste 2016. Teil Makromyceten,Österr
- W Dämon
- I Krisai-Greilhuber
Dämon, W. i Krisai-Greilhuber, I. 2018.
Die Pilze Österreichs. Verzeichnis und
Rote Liste 2016. Teil Makromyceten,Österr. Mykolog. Ges., Wien. 609 str.