Morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and antioxidant protection of the body of repair pigs using natural metabolites

Abstract

The authors conducted experiments to study the effect of natural metabolites fed to repair pigs in the last three months before insemination on their growth, changes in their live weight, the chemical composition of milk and the content of immunoglobulins in it, as well as morphological and biochemical blood compositions, protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in pregnant and suckling sows. Four groups of repair pigs were formed for research white breed (control and three experimental) at the age of 6 months, 20 heads each, which were kept in separate machines. The control group received the basic diet, without additives. The pigs of the experimental groups were fed natural metabolites from the sixth to the ninth month inclusive. The animals of the I experimental group were fed organic selenium (Selenium) as part of the compound feed – 0.3 kg / t of feed, II experimental group – succinic acid at the rate of 20 mg / kg of live weight (frequency of 10 days), III experimental group - Carolin preparation (beta-carotene oil solution) – 15 ml / head per day. At the ages of 6.5 and 9 months, 5 pigs from each group had blood taken from the ear vein in the morning before feeding for research. The object of research was repair pigs of large white breed and Krasnodar meat type. Feeding of animals both in this experiment and subsequent ones was carried out taking into account detailed feeding standards. The composition and nutritional value of the diets were calculated using the «Kormoptimaexpert» program.

Full text

02018
Morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and
antioxidant protection of the body of repair pigs
using natural metabolites
Gennady Urban1, Olga KrotovaϮΎOlga Polozyuk3Margarita Zabelina4, Dmitry Katusov4,
and Amulanga Manzhikova4
1 Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Agricultural Center" in the Rostov
region, 344029, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
2 Don State Technical University, 1, Gagarin Sq., 344003, Rostov-on-Don,, Russia
3 Don State Agrarian University, Krivoshlykov str., 24, 346493, Rostov region, P. Persianovsky,
Russia
4 Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, 410012, Teatralnaya square,1, Saratov, Russia
Abstract. The authors conducted experiments to study the effect of
natural metabolites fed to repair pigs in the last three months before
insemination on their growth, changes in their live weight, the chemical
composition of milk and the content of immunoglobulins in it, as well as
morphological and biochemical blood compositions, protein, carbohydrate
and lipid metabolism in pregnant and suckling sows. Four groups of repair
pigs were formed for research white breed (control and three experimental)
at the age of 6 months, 20 heads each, which were kept in separate
machines. The control group received the basic diet, without additives. The
pigs of the experimental groups were fed natural metabolites from the sixth
to the ninth month inclusive. The animals of the I experimental group were
fed organic selenium (Selenium) as part of the compound feed – 0.3 kg / t
of feed, II experimental group – succinic acid at the rate of 20 mg / kg of
live weight (frequency of 10 days), III experimental group - Carolin
preparation (beta-carotene oil solution) – 15 ml / head per day. At the ages
of 6.5 and 9 months, 5 pigs from each group had blood taken from the ear
vein in the morning before feeding for research. The object of research was
repair pigs of large white breed and Krasnodar meat type. Feeding of
animals both in this experiment and subsequent ones was carried out taking
into account detailed feeding standards. The composition and nutritional
value of the diets were calculated using the «Kormoptimaexpert» program.
1 Introduction
The duration of production use and productivity of sows are largely determined by the
quality of breeding repair pigs[1,2]. One of the conditions for preparing repair pigs for
long-term productive use is to increase their antioxidant and immune systems of body

ΎCorresponding author: alb9652@yandex.ru 
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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INTERAGROMASH 2024

protection, hormonal status, nonspecific resistance and the formation of a stable
reproductive ability [3,4].
The antioxidant defense system plays an important role in protecting the body from
adverse factors [5,6]. Many natural biological processes in the body, such as respiration,
digestion of food, conversion of fats into energy, produce harmful compounds called free
radicals [7,8]. Free radicals are usually destroyed by the body's natural antioxidant system
[9,10]. If this system does not cope properly, free radicals can cause a negative chain
reaction in the body, a reaction that can destroy the cell membrane, block the action of
basic enzymes, interfere with cellular processes necessary for the proper functioning of the
body, interfere with the normal functioning of cells. fission, destroy deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and block energy production. Since free radicals are essential for life, there are
several enzymatic mechanisms in the body that minimize damage caused by radicals and
protect against excessive formation of free radicals [11,12]. Antioxidants play a vital role in
these defense mechanisms [13]. In healthy organisms, protection from the harmful effects
of reactive oxygen species is achieved by maintaining a delicate balance between oxidants
and antioxidants [14,15].
2 Materials and methods
The experiment was carried out in the conditions of CJSC "SQUAW" of the Zernogradsky
district, LLC "Southern Milk" of the Peschanokopsky district and on pigs of the Krasnodar
meat type in LLC "Energia" of the Proletarian district of the Rostov region on repair pigs of
large white breed and Krasnodar meat type.
For this purpose, studies have been conducted on the use of biologically active drugs:
Selenium (organic selenium), succinic acid, and Carolin (beta-carotene), in the cultivation
of repair pigs, according to the scheme (Table 1).
Table 1. Scheme of experience on repair pigs
Group
Number
of pigs
Additives used
The scheme of application
of additives
Control 20 BD -
I experienced 20 BD + Selenium
0,3 kg/t of feed (throughout the entire
period of experience)
II experienced 20 BD + succinic
acid
20 mg / kg of body weight (frequency 10
days after 10 throughout the entire period
of the experiment)
III experienced 20 BD + Caroline
15 ml/100 kg of live weight (throughout
the entire period of the experiment)
3 Results
To determine to what extent the biological additives used affect the morphological
composition of the blood, which characterizes the intensity of redox processes in the body
and to a certain extent the level of its cellular defense system, the content of erythrocytes,
leukocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit in the blood of repair pigs was determined (Table
2).
The use of the studied biologically active additives in diets repair of guinea pigs for two
weeks (from 6 to 6.5 months of age) led to some changes in blood composition.
2
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Table 2. Morphological parameters of blood in repair pigs (n=5)
Group
Red blood
cells
x 1012/l
Leukocytes
x 109/l
Hemoglobin,
g/l
Hematocrit,
%
Age 6,5 months
Control
6,15±0,17
13,20±0,20
120,54±1,55
39,05±0,19
I
experienced
6,29±0,26
14,12±0,22*
131,62±1,68**
39,86±0,23*
II
experienced
6,36±0,33
14,15±0,24*
127,86±1,71*
40,53±0,34**
III
experienced
6,32±0,21
14,48±0,17**
130,84±1,84**
39,61±0,17
Age 9 months
Control
5,60±0,17
13,72±0,29
116,44±1,82
34,53±0,98
I
experienced
6,17±0,13*
14,84±0,31*
130,78±2,64**
39,28±0,93**
II
experienced
6,28±0,18*
15,22±0,33**
139,40±3,57***
38,39±0,82*
III
experienced
6,04±0,12
14,57±0,21*
123,55±1,48*
37,94±0,77*
Thus, the level of erythrocytes had a slight tendency to increase, with an unreliable
difference, and the hematocrit content significantly increased in the I and II experimental
groups by 2.07 (P <0.05) and 3.79% (P<0.01). During this time, the hemoglobin content in
the blood in all experimental groups increased significantly by 9.19 (P≤0.01), 6.07 (P≤0.05)
and 8.55% (P≤0.01), respectively. Activation of leukocytes was recorded within the
physiological norm: in the I experimental group by 6.97 (P≤0.05), in the II experimental
group by 7.20 (P≤0.05) and in the III experimental group by 9.70% (P≤0.01).
At 9 months of age, after feeding the studied supplements for 3 months, in terms of the
number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin, the dominant position among the
experimental groups was occupied by animals of group II, exceeding the control group in
terms of these indicators by 12.14 (P <0.05), 10.93 (P<0.01) and 19.72% (P≤0.001). These
indicators were slightly lower, but also significantly exceeded the control in repair pigs of
the I experimental group by 10.18 (P≤0.05), 8.16 (P≤0.05) and 12.32% (P≤0.01%), but
inferior to peers of the II group by 1.78%, 2.56 and 6.59. The advantage of these indicators
over the control in pigs of the III experimental group was less impressive and amounted to
7.86%, 6.19 (P<0.05) and 6.11% (P<0.05).
The hematocrit level was highest in pigs of the I experimental group, which reached
39.28%, which is 4.75% (P <0.01) higher than the control. The excess of this indicator in
pigs of the II and III experimental groups over the control groups was 3.86 (P ≤ 0.05) and
3.41% (P ≤ 0.05).
The nature of the processes occurring in the body is significantly influenced by the
protein composition of the blood (Table 3).
3
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At 6.5 months of age, two weeks after the start of dietary supplements, a significant
increase in total protein by 6.29 (P<0.05), 3.74 (P<0.05) and 4.91% (P<0.05), respectively,
was detected in the blood serum of repair pigs of the experimental groups. The albumin
level in the I experimental group increased by 8.98 (P <0.05), in the II experimental group
– by 7.81 (P< 0.05) and in the III experimental group – by 7.58% (P<0.05), relative to the
control group. The total number of globulin fractions significantly exceeded the control
only in the I and III experimental groups by 4.42 (P<0.05) and 3.06% (P<0.05), mainly due
to gamma globulins - by 6.47 (P<0.05) and 4.36% (P<0.05).
In the II experimental group, these indicators tended to increase relative to the control.
The activation of globulins was within the physiological norm, and an increase in the
gamma globulin fraction indicates an increase in the immunity of repair pigs of the
experimental groups.
It follows that even with such short-term feeding
of natural metabolites such as organic selenium, succinic acid and beta-carotene oil
solution, protein metabolism processes begin to activate in the body of pigs.
Table 3. Indicators of protein metabolism in repair pigs (n = 5)
Indicator
Group
Control
I experienced
II
experienced
III
experienced
Age 6,5 months
Total protein, g/l
62,52±0,75
66,45±1,08*
64,86±0,54*
65,59±0,96*
Albumins, g/l
25,60±0,58
27,90±0,62*
27,60±0,56*
27,54±0,51*
Globulins, g/l
including: 36,92±0,32 38,55±0,41* 37,26±0,29 38,05±0,27*
Alpha- globulins
13,24±0,52
13,57±0,37
13,23±0,47
13,67±0,42
Beta- globulins
8,08±0,20
8,37±0,15
8,02±0,18
8,10±0,16
Gamma- globulins
15,60±0,27
16,61±0,33*
15,98±0,45
16,28±0,47*
AST, mmol/(h-l)
0,88±0,03
0,90±0,03
0,88±0,03
0,89±0,04
ALT, mmol/(h-l)
0,53±0,02
0,51±0,04
0,49±0,03
0,52±0,03
Age 9 months
Total protein, g/l
70,54±1,12
77,04±1,26**
76,28±1,08**
74,14±1,13*
Albumins, g/l
28,15±0,57
31,06±0,0,62**
31,46±0,69**
29,92±0,49*
Globulins, g/l
including: 42,39±0,68 45,98±0,75** 44,82±0,56** 44,22±0,37*
Alpha- globulins
16,00±0,48
15,10±0,32
14,91±0,41
14,58±0,44
Beta- globulins
9,90±0,19
11,12±0,23**
10,60±0,17*
11,07±0,18**
4
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Gamma- globulins
16,49±0,67
19,76±0,62**
19,21±0,43**
18,57±0,37*
AST, mmol/(h-l)
2,07±0,07
2,38±0,09*
2,34±0,08*
2,29±0,06*
ALT, mmol/(h-l)
1,81±0,06
1,59±0,05*
1,52±0,09*
1,58±0,08*
Studies of the protein composition of the blood of pigs at the age of 9 months have
shown that protein metabolism largely depends on the biological activity of the additives
used.
The most significant effect on the protein metabolism of repair pigs was provided by the
Selenium supplement (experimental group I). The advantage over the control group in
terms of total protein content was 9.21% (P<0.01), the level of albumin fraction – by
10.34% (P<0.01), the total number of globulin fractions – by 8.47% (P<0.01), including
due to beta-globulins by 12.32% (P<0.01) and gamma globulins - by 19.83% (P≤0.01).
Significantly high rates were also found in the II experimental group, where animals
received succinic acid. An increase in total protein and albumin fraction was recorded by
8.14 (P≤0.01) and 11.76% (P≤0.01), activation of globulin fractions – by 5.73% (P≤0.01),
especially gamma globulins - by 16.49% (P≤0.01) relative to the control group.
In terms of the total protein content in the blood, pigs of the experimental group III who
received an oil solution of veta-carotene as part of the Karolin feed additive were inferior to
their peers of the I and II experimental groups, but had an advantage over intact animals: in
terms of total protein, albumins and globulins by 5.10 (P≤0.05), 6.29 (P0.05) and 4.32%
(P<0.05), in terms of beta and gamma globulin levels by 11.82 (P<0.05) and 12.61%
(P<0.05), respectively.
Evidence of high protein metabolism is also provided by the indicators of
transamination enzymes, which in our experience emphasize the effectiveness and safety of
the studied drugs. The AST content in the blood serum of animals of the I experimental
group increased by 14.98 (P≤0.05), and ALT decreased by 13.84% (P≤0.05), in the II
experimental group – by 13.04 (P≤0.05) and 19.08% (P≤0.01), and in the III experimental
group – by 10.63 (P ≤0.05) and 14.56% (P<0.05) compared to the control group.
In general, it should be noted that the introduction of the studied feed additives into the
body of repair pigs contributes to the activation of protein metabolism in their body and has
a positive effect on the physiological status of the liver, as evidenced by a decrease in ALT
activity.
There were some changes in the indicators of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, under the
influence of biologically active feed additives (Table 4).
Table 4. Indicators of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism (n = 5)
Values
Control
I
experienced
II
experienced
III experienced
Age 6,5 months
Total lipids, g/l
0,82±0,03
0,90±0,04
0,89±0,04
0,88±0,03
Cholesterol, mmol/l
1,82±0,05
1,85±0,04
1,83±0,05
1,80±0,06
Triglycerides, mmol/l 0,54±0,03 0,59±0,03 0,57±0,03 0,56±0,03
Glucose, mmol/l
5,73±0,20
5,40±0,25
5,28±0,32
5,36±0,35
Lactic acid, mmol/l
12,57±0,25 13,31±0,26 13,14±0,18 13,28±0,31
Age 9 months
5
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Total lipids, g/l
1,54±0,04
1,73±0,07*
1,69±0,05*
1,88±0,08**
Cholesterol, mmol/l
3,17±0,06
2,95±0,07*
2,76±0,09**
2,88±0,08*
Triglycerides, mmol/l 0,63±0,023 0,75±0,031* 0,71±0,015* 0,69±0,11*
Glucose, mmol/l
6,12±0,13
6,65±0,12*
6,87±0,19*
7,03±0,21**
Lactic acid, mmol/l
16,08±0,41
18,02±0,42*
17,34±0,27*
18,32±0,38**
At the age of 6.5 months, repair pigs of the experimental groups showed a tendency to
increase the blood content of total lipids (9.76; 8.54 and 7.32%), triglycerides (9.26; 5.56
and 3.70%), lactic acid (5.89; 4.53 and 5.65%), while reducing glucose (6.11; 8.52 and
6.90%), which is probably due to an increase in the energy expenditure of the body for the
intensive growth of muscle mass of the body and organs of the reproductive system. No
pattern has been revealed in the change in cholesterol levels in the blood.
The results of studies of animal blood serum at 9 months of age showed that the total
lipid content of the experimental groups exceeded the control by 12.34 (P<0.05), 9.74
(P<0.05) and 22.08% (P<0.01), respectively, while the highest number was recorded in the
III experimental group, where pigs daily an oil solution of beta-carotene was obtained.
Among the experimental groups, pigs of the II experimental group, whose animals received
succinic acid, differed in the lowest cholesterol content, as well as total lipids. The decrease
in cholesterol levels in this group, relative to the control, reached 14.86 (P < 0.01), in the III
experimental group – 10.07 (P<0.05), and in the I experimental group – 7.46% (P<0.05).
The content of triglycerides, whose function is to provide energy to the processes
occurring in the body, was more significantly influenced by the additives "Selenium" (I
experimental) and succinic acid (II experimental), which increased the level of the
component by 19.05 (P ≤0.05) and 12.70% (P≤0.05), respectively. The feed additive
"Karolin" (III experimental) contributed to an increase in the triglyceride content by 9.52%
(P<0.05).
By the age of 9 months, the highest intensity of carbohydrate metabolism was observed
in animals of the III experimental group who received the Karolin supplement, where the
lactic acid content increased by 13.93% (P≤0.01), glucose by 14.87% (P≤0.01), in the I
experimental group – by 12.06 (P≤0.05) and 8.66% (P≤0.05), in the II experimental group –
by 7.83 (P≤0.05) and 12.25% (P≤0.05).
4 Discussion of the results
Natural immunity monitoring parameters can provide useful information about animal
health. The natural resistance of repair pigs was determined at the ages of 6.5 and 9 months
(Table 5).
Table 5. Indicators of natural resistance of repair pigs (n=5)
Values
Group
Control I
experienced
II
experienced
III
experience
d
Age 6,5 months
Phagocytic activity of
neutrophils, %
38,73±2,
11
40,48±2,64 39,19±3,04
39,25±2,8
8
Phagocytic index,
mk./leukocytes
1,60±0,0
4 1,70±0,03 1,66±0,02 1,68±0,03
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Phagocytic capacity, 109L
12,24±0,
09 12,89±0,15 12,65±0,25
12,70±0,1
7
Bactericidal activity, %
55,75±2,
24
57,90±2,19 57,32±1,73
56,23±1,9
7
Lysozyme activity, %
40,06±1,
23 42,68±1,32 43,09±0,95
41,92±1,1
5
Age 9 months
Phagocytic activity of
neutrophils, %
34,80±0,
89
39,87±0,76*
*
38,85±0,63
**
37,18±0,4
9*
Phagocytic index,
mk./leukocytes
3,06±0,0
8 3,52±0,07**
3,43±0,06*
*
3,28±0,04
*
Phagocytic capacity, 109L
18,34±0,
35
20,63±0,42*
*
20,57±0,36
**
19,86±0,4
1*
Bactericidal activity, %
52,42±1,
12
59,18±1,55*
*
60,05±1,67
**
58,83±1,5
0**
Lysozyme activity, %
36,35±0,
71
41,42±0,84*
*
43,58±0,93
***
38,25±0,4
2*
It was found that after two weeks of using drugs in the blood of pigs, there was a
tendency to increase the indicators characterizing the level of natural resistance. To the
greatest extent, this was reflected in an increase in the lysozyme activity of blood serum,
which in animals of the experimental groups increased by 2.62; 3.03 and 1.86% relative to
the control. The indicators of phagocytic activity of neutrophils in the blood of repair pigs
of the experimental groups also exceeded the control by 1.75; 0.46 and 0.52%, which led to
an increase in phagocytic capacity by 5.31; 3.35 and 3.76%, respectively. A change in the
bactericidal activity of the blood of animals of the experimental groups was recorded, the
difference in indicators with the control group was 2.15; 1.57 and 0.48%.
At the age of 9 months, both in terms of cellular and humoral body protection factors,
the pigs of the experimental groups significantly exceeded the analogues of the control
group. The level of phagocytic activity of neutrophils exceeded the same indicator from the
control in the experimental group I by 5.07 (P≤0.01), experimental group II by 4.05
(P≤0.01) and experimental group III by 2.38% (P≤0.05), phagocytic index and phagocytic
capacity by 15.03 (P≤0.01) and 12.49% (P≤0.01), 12.09 (P≤0.01) and 12.06% (P≤0.01),
7.19 (P≤0.05) and 8.29% (P≤0.05), respectively. Humoral resistance factors have also
changed under the influence of biostimulants. The level of bactericidal activity increased
relative to the control in the I experimental group by 6.76 (P≤0.01), in the II experimental
group by 7.63 (P≤0.01) and in the III experimental group by 6.41% (P ≤0.05), and the level
of lysozyme by 5.07 (P≤0.01), 7.23 (P≤0.001) and 1.90% (P<0.05), respectively. The data
obtained indicate that the most formed resistance factors, at the time of insemination, were
in repair pigs treated with Selenium and succinic acid.
The antioxidant defense system plays an important role in protecting the body from
adverse factors. Many natural biological processes in the body, such as respiration,
digestion of food, conversion of fats into energy, produce harmful compounds called free
radicals. Free radicals are usually destroyed by the body's natural antioxidant system. If this
system does not cope properly, free radicals can cause a negative chain reaction in the
body, a reaction that can destroy the cell membrane, block the action of basic enzymes,
interfere with cellular processes necessary for the proper functioning of the body, interfere
with the normal functioning of cells. fission, destroy deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
block energy production. Since free radicals are essential for life, there are several
enzymatic mechanisms in the body that minimize damage caused by radicals and protect
against excessive formation of free radicals. Antioxidants play a vital role in these defense
7
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mechanisms. In healthy organisms, protection from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen
species is achieved by maintaining a delicate balance between oxidants and antioxidants.
In the blood of 6.5- month-old repair pigs of the experimental groups, under the
influence of natural metabolites involved in the experiment, a decrease in lipid peroxidation
and an increase in the antioxidant defense system of the body were recorded (Table 6), this
is confirmed by a reduction in malondialdehyde by 7.74; 7.21 and 6.69%, diene conjugates
– by 6.70; 5.25 and 5.32%, lipid hydroperoxides – by 7.51; 6.47 and 7.28% compared with
the control. At the same time, catalase activity increased by 7.34; 6.51 and 5.45%,
superoxide dismutase by 4.99; 5.62 and 4.57%, glutathione peroxidase – by 6.94; 3.47 and
5.56% compared to the control group.
In the 9-month-old pig population of the control group, a high level of lipid
peroxidation products was found compared with the control groups MDA by 24.01
(P≤0.05), 19.29 (P≤0.05) and 20.43% (P≤0.05), DC – by 17.77 (P≤0.05), 14.55 (P≤0.05)
and 16.70% (P<0.05), GPL – by 22.56 (P<0.05), 16.90 (P<0.05) and 19.52% (p<0.05)
correspond.
Table 6. Indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant body protection system of repair pigs (n =5)
Values Control
I
experienced
II
experienced
III
experienced
Age 6,5 months
Malondialdehyde
(MDA), nmol/ml 6,54±0,33 6,07±0,37 6,10±0,45 6,13±0,41
Diene conjugates (DC),
nmol/ml
52,85±2,30 49,53±2,06 50,21±1,87 50,18±2,42
Lipid hydroperoxides
(HPL),
nmol MDA/ml
35,20±1,72 32,74±1,60 33,06±1,41 32,81±1,67
Catalase, EA/ml 82,38±2,65 88,43±2,77 87,74±2,49 86,87±3,14
Superoxide Dismutase
(SOD), A/ml 25,41±1,07 26,68±0,85 26,84±1,16 26,57±1,03
Glutathione peroxidase
(GPO), mmol
NADP/min-ml
1,44±0,08 1,54±0,12 1,49±0,09 1,52±0,07
Age 9 months
Malondialdehyde
(MDA), nmol/ml 5,01±0,24 4,04±0,21* 4,20±0,18* 4,16±0,16*
Diene conjugates (DC),
nmol/ml
54,80±2,12 46,53±2,25* 47,84±2,07* 46,96±1,97*
Lipid hydroperoxides
(HPL),
nmol MDA/ml
34,11±1,43 27,83±1,65* 29,18±1,54* 28,54±1,37*
Catalase, EA/ml
73,18±2,49*
*
89,64±2,81*
*
88,05±2,46*
*
87,82±1,83*
*
Superoxide Dismutase
(SOD), A/ml 28,43±0,86 32,11±1,14*
33,82±0,93*
* 31,76±0,82*
Glutathione peroxidase
а (GPO), mmol
NADP/ min-ml
1,49±0,07 1,76±0,09* 1,65±0,05 1,71±0,06*
8
BIO Web of Conferences 113, 02018 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411302018
INTERAGROMASH 2024

It is known that the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species are controlled by various
cellular defense systems consisting of enzymatic components (catalase, glutathione
peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and others).
The body is provided with energy mainly due to the breakdown of fats, as a result of
which, in our opinion, a certain amount of peroxidation products is formed, the content of
which in pigs of the II experimental group, which showed a high growth rate during
cultivation, turned out to be the highest. In pigs of the I and III experimental groups, the
blood content of malonic aldehyde was lower by 3.96 and 0.96%, diene conjugates by 2.82
and 1.88%, lipid hydroperoxides by 4.85 and 2.24% compared with the II experimental
group.
Of all the metabolites used in the experiment, selenium is considered the most active
antioxidant, the addition of which increased the activity of catalase and glutathione
peroxidase. In the first experimental group, catalase activity increased by 22.49% (P <0.01)
relative to the control, and glutathione peroxidase activity increased by 18.12% (P<0.05).
The activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood was more influenced by the addition of
succinic acid, increasing the enzyme content by 18.95% (P<0.01).
5 Conclusions
Thus, it was found that the natural metabolites included in the diet of repair pigs, for three
months, had a significant effect on all types of metabolism (protein, lipid, carbohydrate). It
follows that even with such short-term feeding of natural metabolites such as organic
selenium, succinic acid and beta-carotene oil solution, protein metabolism processes begin
to activate in the body of pigs.
The analysis of the body's defense system as a whole allows us to conclude that repair
pigs that received succinic acid and Selenium preparations as part of the diet turned out to
be the most resistant to various kinds of stress factors. In general, it should be noted that the
introduction of the studied feed additives into the body of repair pigs contributes to the
activation of protein metabolism in their body and has a positive effect on the physiological
status of the liver, as evidenced by a decrease in ALT activity.
There were some changes in the indicators of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, under the
influence of biologically active feed additives.
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