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Vol.:(0123456789)
Foundations of Chemistry (2024) 26:447–465
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09512-2
Periodic law, chemical elements andscientific discoveries:
considerations fromNorwood Hanson andThomas Kuhn
CristinaSpoltiLorenzetti1 · AnabelCardosoRaicik1 · LuizO.Q.Peduzzi1
Accepted: 7 June 2024 / Published online: 17 June 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024
Abstract
The theme surrounding scientific discoveries is quite neglected in and about the sciences,
especially in terms of historical and epistemological understanding. Discoveries are often
treated as simple information about dates, places, and people. This work presents discus-
sions centered on historical episodes related to chemical elements and the Periodic Law,
based on reflections by Thomas Kuhn and Norwood Hanson, aiming to highlight and con-
textualize specific scientific discoveries’ conceptual and epistemological structure. With
that in mind, issues related to the inseparability of the contexts of discovery and justifica-
tion are recovered, along with the complex intrinsic structures of the genesis of scientific
knowledge and distinct types and categories of scientific discoveries.
Keywords Scientific discovery· History and philosophy of science· Chemical element
Introduction
“How do the processes of scientific discoveries happen?" This is one of the many complex
questions that science presents to the world; that can be thought and considered by differ-
ent perspectives. The word “discovery” is not exclusively used by scientists, historians, or
philosophers of science. It presents a common and careless use, in general, in textbooks,
scientific manuals, teaching materials, and scientific dissemination materials; this fact,
notably, leads to an inadequate conception of scientific development and, consequently,
First published in Brazilian Portuguese in the journal Ensaio—Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, v.
25, e-46058, p. 1-19, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21172022240157.
More available information at www.evolucaodosconceitosdafisica.ufsc.br.
* Cristina Spolti Lorenzetti
cspolti55@gmail.com
Anabel Cardoso Raicik
anabelraicik@gmail.com
Luiz O. Q. Peduzzi
luizpeduzzi@gmail.com
1 Apeiron - History, Philosophy andScience Teaching Group, Federal University ofSanta Catarina,
UFSC, Florianópolis, SantaCatarina, Brazil
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