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Social and Political Effects of Digital Transformation
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Article Application Date: May 2024
Article Publication
Date: May 2024
A r t i c l e
Type: Review
Prof. Dr. Kürşat Şahin YILDIRIMER
St. Clements University
Psychology Department
Head Lecturer
Orcid ID: 0000-0001
5896-2956
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Dr. Cüneyt Yılmaz
St. Clements University
Political Sciences MSB
Orcid ID: 0000-0003-1655-
588X
cuneytylmz53@gmail.com
Abstract
This article explores the development of cultural identities
on digital platforms and the influence of these identities
on political and social interactions. This analysis centers
on the impact of digital revolution on cultural diversity
and the creation of online identity politics. Online
platforms enable individuals to express and reinforce their
cultural identities, but they can also facilitate cultural
conflicts. The article examines the political and social
consequences of the development of cultural identities on
the internet and explores topics such as safeguarding or
stifling diversity. Hence, comprehending the impacts of
digital transformation on cultural identities is a substantial
challenge and potential for political decision-makers. This
article seeks to enhance comprehension of cultural
identities and politics on online platforms within political
and social contexts.
Keywords: Online identities, Cultural diversity, Digital
transformation, Political impacts
INTRODUCTION
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Digital transformation is the term used to describe the significant impact that rapid
advancements in communication technology have on the political and social structures of
societies. This transition arose because of the advancements introduced by the post-modern
era. The proliferation of the Internet and advancements in communication technologies have
facilitated the transition of individuals' daily activities to digital platforms. The notion of a
"network society" is a fundamental characteristic of this emerging social epoch.
The concept of network society describes a societal framework where individuals build their
daily routines around internet networks, communication is transformed into digital form, and
information technology are extensively utilized in all aspects of life. The emergence of this
novel social framework has resulted in significant transformations across various domains,
encompassing the development of personal identities and the dynamics of social interactions.
Effective communication is an essential tool for comprehending the social and political
consequences of digital transition. Political communication not only influences individuals'
political beliefs and attitudes, but also establishes social norms and behavioral patterns. Studies
indicate that communication significantly influences the overall political culture and societal
norms (Zaller, 1992). It is crucial to comprehend the societal and political impacts of digital
communication to grasp the intricacies and fluidity of contemporary cultures.
The significance of the media should not be disregarded. The media not only influences the
overall perspectives and political awareness of society, but it also plays a crucial role in shaping
social norms (Entman, 2012). Hence, the impact of media on political communication is crucial
in shaping society's political beliefs and affecting engagement in political activities.
Gaining insight into the societal and political consequences of digital change is crucial for
comprehending the intricacies and ever-changing nature of contemporary society. It is
imperative to thoroughly analyze the impact of swift changes and advancements in
communication technologies on the political and social frameworks of societies to formulate
forward-thinking policies and effectively manage societal transformation.
This essay analyzes the development of cultural identities on digital platforms and the impact
of these identities on political and social processes. This analysis will specifically explore the
impact of digital transformation on cultural diversity and the significance of online identity
policies in facilitating this process. This analysis will examine the political and social
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ramifications of the development of cultural identities on online platforms. It will also explore
the significance of safeguarding or repressing variety in political and social spheres.
AIM
This essay seeks to explore the intricacies of cultural identity development on online platforms
and the subsequent impact of these identities on political and social dynamics. The impact of
digital transformation is evident in contemporary society, as advancements in internet and
communication technologies are fundamentally altering the social fabric. These developments
are occurring in a setting where cultural diversity is further escalating.
The term "network society" describes a time when social interactions are conducted using
digital technologies and online identities have greater significance. Currently, people's online
identities play a crucial role in shaping their self-expression and social interactions in their day-
to-day existence. Hence, the study of cultural identities' development on online platforms and
their impact on political and social outcomes is a significant field of research.
The objective of this paper is to comprehensively examine the development of cultural
identities on online platforms and assess the impact of these identities on political and social
dynamics. This analysis seeks to comprehend the influence of digital revolution on cultural
variety and underscore the political and social significance of safeguarding or stifling
difference.
Comprehending the impacts of digital transformation on cultural identities is a substantial
challenge and opportunity for political decision-makers. This article seeks to enhance
comprehension of cultural identities and politics on online platforms within political and social
contexts.
FINDINGS AND METHOD
Results
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Digital transformation refers to the process in which significant advancements in
communication technology have a profound impact on societal structures. Castells (1996)
argued that the proliferation of the Internet has brought about significant transformations in
people's lifestyles and social interactions, as observed through the lens of the "network society"
notion. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that digital transformation encompasses more
than just technological modifications.
Jenkins (2006) and Turkle (2011) contend that digital media exerts substantial influence on
cultural and social domains. For instance, digital platforms have the potential to enhance social
engagement and reshape interpersonal connections through the promotion of participatory
cultures. In addition, economists Hess and Ostrom (2007) highlight the economic aspect of
digital transformation, asserting that it presents novel economic prospects and difficulties by
altering conventional company structures.
Politically, digital change has a significant impact on democratic processes and the
involvement of citizens in politics. Chadwick (2013) highlights the profound impact of social
media on political communication and campaign methods, stressing the necessity for political
actors to effectively utilize digital platforms. Nevertheless, scholars like Tufekci (2017)
contend that issues such as the improper use of social media and the dissemination of polluted
information can have adverse effects on democratic processes.
The media exerts its impact on political processes through multiple means, including the
formation of political leaders' and parties' public image, as well as the interpretation and
analysis of political events. According to Chavez (2019) and Milton (2020), media can enhance
political engagement and promote societal transformation.
It is crucial to consider the cultural, economic, and political aspects of digital revolution in this
situation. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intricacy of relationships in these
domains may enhance our ability to accurately forecast forthcoming social transformations.
Hence, it is imperative for future studies to thoroughly investigate the impacts of digital
revolution on social and political domains.
Method
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This investigation was undertaken by thoroughly examining the current literature. Through the
utilization of the qualitative research methodology, an analysis was conducted to investigate
the political and social ramifications of digital transformation. The primary objective was to
ascertain the key discoveries derived from these investigations. This approach is well-suited
for offering a comprehensive comprehension of the development of cultural identities on digital
platforms and the consequential political and social effects of these identities.
Digital Transformation and Network Society
Digital transformation refers to a profound alteration in the way people live, conduct business,
and interact with each other, brought about by the rapid advancement and widespread adoption
of information and communication technology. This phenomenon has gained momentum as
the internet has become an indispensable aspect of everyday existence, with the technical
progress ushered in by the post-modern era.
The term "network society" refers to the impact of the digital transformation on social
structures. The term "digital society" describes a social framework where individuals engage
with one another primarily through digital networks, and where access to information and
services is facilitated by digital platforms. Manuel Castells popularized the concept of the
network society, which is regarded as one of the most unique forms of social organization in
the digital age (Castells, 2010).
A prominent characteristic of the network society is that individuals structure their everyday
routines using digital platforms. The advent of the Internet, social media, e-commerce
platforms, and other digital tools has brought about a profound transformation in the way
individuals get information, interact, engage in shopping activities, and socialize (Van Dijk,
2020). This modification allows individuals to engage with each other independent of temporal
and spatial constraints. Thanks to social media platforms, individuals may maintain constant
communication and effortlessly engage with others who share similar interests, regardless of
geographical distance.
The influence of digital revolution on social relations is likewise remarkably significant.
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Conventional methods of in-person communication have been substituted by digital
communication. Email, instant messaging programs, and video conferencing technologies are
utilized extensively in several domains, including both professional and personal spheres
(Baym, 2015). This enables the rapid and extensive establishment and maintenance of social
bonds. Nevertheless, it has also introduced new obstacles, such as the decline in in-person
encounters and the experience of social isolation inside digital settings.
The process of developing one's identity in the network society has been altered due to the
impact of digital transformation. Online platforms offer abundant opportunity for individuals
to articulate themselves and cultivate unique identities. Individuals can construct their digital
identities via social media profiles, blogs, and other digital content creation tools.
These digital identities can vary from individuals' offline identities and can undergo frequent
changes. Digital identities possess a flexible framework that enables individuals to manifest
their personalities in diverse manners within different social and cultural environments (Turkle,
1995).
The advent of digital transformation has highlighted disparities in the availability of
information and technology. The term "digital divide" refers to the constraints that some
individuals and communities have when it comes to using digital technologies (Van Dijk,
2005). This inequality can stem from variables such as educational attainment, socioeconomic
status, and geographical placement, and can exert significant impacts on social frameworks.
The digital divide exacerbates preexisting social and economic disparities, hence detrimentally
impacting social engagement and equal access to opportunities.
The ongoing digital change will continue to impact social and political frameworks. The
relentless and ongoing progression of technology advancements will consistently transform the
qualities and workings of the network society. The ethical utilization of digital technology, the
promotion of digital equality, and the enhancement of individuals' digital competencies will be
prioritized in this process. To fully capitalize on the beneficial impacts of digital transformation
and mitigate its negative consequences, policymakers and all sectors of society must adjust to
this process of change.
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Communication Technologies and Social Structure
Digital transformation is the term used to describe the significant impact that rapid
advancements in communication technology have on the social structures of societies. This
transition arose because of the advancements brought about by the post-modern era and was
further expedited by the widespread adoption of the internet. The advancement of
communication technologies has facilitated the integration of all aspects of daily life into digital
platforms and emphasized the notion of a "network society" (Castells, 2010). The concept of
network society refers to a framework in which people engage with one another through digital
networks and obtain information and services via digital platforms.
The influence of digital communication on social connections is significant and extensive.
Conventional methods of in-person communication have been substituted by digital
communication. Email, instant messaging programs, and video conferencing technologies are
extensively utilized in both professional and personal contexts. This facilitates the rapid and
extensive establishment and maintenance of social relationships. Social media platforms
facilitate continuous communication and seamless interaction among individuals who share
similar interests, regardless of their physical locations.
Nevertheless, the advent of digital communication has also presented novel obstacles,
including reduced opportunities for in-person contacts and the potential for social isolation
within digital realms. Engaging in relationships through digital platforms might result in the
deterioration of conventional social connections and amplify individuals' sense of isolation
(Turkle, 2011).
The process of developing one's identity in the network society has been altered due to the
impact of digital transformation. Online platforms offer abundant opportunity for individuals
to articulate themselves and cultivate unique identities. Individuals can construct their digital
identities via social media profiles, blogs, and other digital content creation tools. These digital
identities can vary from individuals' offline identities and can frequently fluctuate. Digital
identities possess a flexible framework that enables individuals to represent themselves in
diverse manners within different social and cultural settings.
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Social media significantly influences the formation of social norms. These platforms enable
individuals to promptly respond to social events and issues and connect with wide-ranging
audiences. Social media enables rapid coordination and dissemination of social movements
and protests (Tufekci, 2017).
The media exerts influence on the overall perspectives and political awareness of society, as
well as playing a crucial role in shaping social norms (Entman, 2012). The dissemination of
trends and components of popular culture through social media platforms can have an impact
on individuals' conduct and social engagements. Social media can have a profound impact on
social norms, causing them to change quickly and giving rise to the development of new
standards. Nevertheless, social media also poses the peril of swift dissemination of false
information and deception.
Digital transformation has wide-ranging implications that extend beyond communication and
identity creation. It encompasses domains such as social norms, political engagement, and
cultural change. The advent of digitalization in societies has brought about a transformation in
political involvement and social mobility, giving them a new dimension. Social media
platforms have a significant impact on the organization and spread of demands for social
change.
Nevertheless, there are apprehensions regarding the societal ramifications of digital revolution.
Specifically, the challenges posed by the influence of social media on democratic processes
and the spread of misinformation are matters that require sincere attention. The strategic
exploitation of social media can exert influence over political decision-making processes and
exacerbate social polarization.
Within this framework, the societal consequences of digital transformation are intricate and
diverse. Although this process brings about revolutionary transformations in communication,
it also has a major impact on social norms, political engagement, and cultural frameworks.
Hence, comprehending and addressing the societal consequences of digital change necessitates
the adoption of a multidisciplinary strategy. By adopting this approach, we may maintain the
favorable parts of digitalization while reducing its adverse consequences.
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Political Communication and Digital Transformation
Political communication is the transmission of information among political actors, the media,
and the public. This process serves crucial roles, such as conveying political messages, shaping
public opinion, and spreading political ideas. Political communication is essential for the
proper functioning of democracy. It serves crucial purposes such as promoting political
engagement, providing information to the public, and assuring political responsibility.
Conventional political communication was conducted via media platforms such as newspapers,
radio, and television. Nevertheless, the advent of digital transformation has brought about a
profound shift in this procedure. The internet's widespread use and the emergence of social
media platforms have facilitated more accessible, expedited, and interactive political
communication.
Digital platforms provide robust tools for the creation and distribution of political content.
Digital platforms such as social media, blogs, video sharing sites, and podcasts empower
individuals and political entities to generate and disseminate their own political
communications. These platforms facilitate individuals' ability to access and engage with
extensive audiences.
Digital platforms provide a direct means for political parties, candidates, and activist groups to
engage with voters and supporters. Particularly during election periods, internet platform
marketing can be more efficacious than traditional media.
The influence of digital communication on changing individuals' political beliefs and attitudes
is substantial. Social media enables users to quickly obtain political news and information and
speeds up the spread of this information to big groups of people. In addition, digital platforms
offer users a venue to articulate their viewpoints and engage in public discourse.
However, digital communication also has a drawback: it contributes to political polarization
and the creation of "echo chambers". Users frequently engage with individuals who hold
similar perspectives, which can result in their developing a propensity to dismiss alternative
viewpoints. This has the potential to exacerbate the radicalization of political ideologies and
deepen societal divisions.
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Conversely, digital platforms enable marginalized groups and individuals to amplify their
views and engage in political processes. This can facilitate the expansion of political
involvement and enhance the inclusivity of democratic processes. The reciprocal influence of
digital communication has a significant role in contemporary democracies.
Political communication has experienced a profound shift in recent times due to the process of
digital transformation (Chadwick, 2013). Specifically, the emergence of social media platforms
has revolutionized the way political figures and individuals engage in communication and
interact with one another. These platforms have a significant impact on enhancing political
engagement and spreading political communications.
The influence of digital communication on political processes is growing and fundamentally
altering the nature of political engagement (Vaccari & Valeriani, 2016). Although social media
platforms provide users with easy access to political content, they also promote the expression
of political opinions and engagement in social discourse. Within this framework, digital
communication is regarded as a crucial instrument in facilitating the democratization of
political processes.
THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA AND ITS POLITICAL EFFECTS
The influence of media in shaping social and political norms is undergoing a substantial shift
and evolution from traditional to digital platforms. Traditional media, such as television, radio,
and newspapers, establish societal norms that influence accepted beliefs and behaviors.
However, digital media has significantly transformed this process.
Specifically, the creation and distribution of political content by individuals and groups via
social media platforms has increased the democratic accessibility of information and
diminished the dominance of traditional media monopolies (Castells, 2008).
The proliferation of digital media has facilitated the rapid and extensive dissemination of
information, hence influencing public opinion. Although social media platforms offer the
freedom for users to select their preferred news sources and receive tailored material, this can
also result in the creation of "echo chambers" and "filter bubbles". These effects may result in
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individuals being more susceptible to information that aligns with their beliefs and less exposed
to contradictory perspectives (Pariser, 2011).
Nevertheless, digital media also enables marginalized groups to amplify their voices and
facilitates the dissemination of alternate perspectives. This trait allows digital media to have a
considerable influence on public opinion, resulting in increased diversity and pluralism
(Benkler, 2006).
The media's ability to promote engagement in political processes is crucial in democratic
societies. Both traditional and digital media play a crucial role in enhancing democratic
processes by providing citizens with information, increasing their political consciousness, and
promoting active engagement. Specifically, digital media provide a readily available venue for
young individuals and marginalized groups that typically do not engage in conventional
political activities. According to Loader and Mercea (2011), the involvement of these groups
in political processes can be enhanced through social media campaigns, online discussions, and
digital activism.
The media's role in shaping social and political standards has transformed alongside its
evolution. Traditional media often exhibited a biased perspective, which influenced the
establishment of societal standards and political ideologies to some degree. Nevertheless, the
advent of digital media and social media platforms has expanded individuals' access to a
broader spectrum of information and facilitated the expression of their own viewpoints. While
this process grants equal access to the media's authority in decision-making, it also empowers
individuals to establish their own networks for exchanging information and select content that
aligns with their personal perspectives. Nevertheless, this entails some challenges. Social
media platforms frequently present users with content that reinforces their existing beliefs,
causing them to become resistant to alternative perspectives. Hence, the media's social and
political impact encompasses favorable elements like fostering democratic engagement and
guaranteeing inclusivity, alongside adverse outcomes such as polarization and restricted
dissemination of information.
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Digital Identities and Cultural Diversity
Online platforms facilitate the convergence of digital identities and cultural diversity, and
significantly contribute to the expression and formation of individual and collective identities.
Users can express their cultural identities through numerous means on digital platforms, such
as social media, blogs, and forums. These platforms enhance the interactivity and dynamism
of identity formation processes by allowing users to engage with various cultural expressions
and reinterpret their own identities within this framework.
Users can engage with both global and local cultures in digital contexts. This implies that
identities are not confined to regional or national frameworks, but rather undergo
transformation within a global outlook. The act of expressing and exchanging cultural identities
using digital media has become prevalent, particularly among the younger generation.
Nevertheless, digital revolution can have both advantageous and detrimental effects on cultural
diversity. Digital platforms facilitate the amplification of minority cultures and marginalized
groups, enabling them to express their perspectives and advocate for cultural diversity.
Nevertheless, the dominance of influential cultural forces over these platforms sometimes
results in cultural uniformity and the marginalization of certain cultural expressions.
Online identity politics influences the political and social dynamics of identities formed and
exchanged on digital platforms. These regulations address the process of individuals
establishing their online personas, how they are viewed by others, and the significance of these
personas in social interactions.
Digital platforms are crucial in the realm of political activism and social movements. These
platforms offer essential resources for individuals and collectives to articulate their political
opinions and coordinate. Nevertheless, online identity politics can exacerbate social
polarization and give rise to issues such as the dissemination of misinformation and the
proliferation of hate speech in the digital realm.
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Political and Social Consequences of Digital Transformation
The process of digital transformation has a major impact on the way individuals engage in
political and social activities. Online identities provide individuals with novel chances to
articulate their political opinions, engage in political discourse, and endorse social movements
(Bennett & Segerberg, 2012). Young people heavily utilize online forums for political
engagement. Nevertheless, certain individuals are hindered from engaging equally in political
processes due to constraints such as limited internet access and lack of digital literacy (Norris,
2001).
Digital platforms possess the capacity to either safeguard or stifle cultural and political
diversity. These venues have the capacity to promote social and political diversity by
facilitating the expression of views from minority groups and marginalized populations
(Castells, 2009). It is important to be cautious about the potential influence of commercial and
political factors on content moderation rules and algorithms, as this could result in the
marginalization of certain perspectives and cultural expressions (Gillespie, 2018).
Social media networks provide customized content by monitoring and analyzing users'
interactions. This may result in individuals being exposed exclusively to content that reinforces
their existing beliefs and hence remaining within echo chambers. Consequently, there is a
possibility that social polarization will intensify, making it challenging to engage in meaningful
conversations between individuals with differing perspectives (Sunstein, 2001).
The future impact of digital transformation on political and social systems will be determined
by the pace and trajectory of technical advancements. Technologies such as artificial
intelligence, big data, and blockchain have the potential to fundamentally transform political
processes and societal dynamics. Nevertheless, there is a potential for exacerbating
socioeconomic disparities during this course of action. Disparities in the availability of
technical advancements can result in an expansion of the digital gap among different social
strata (Van Dijk, 2020).
When formulating future policy, it is crucial to consider the reciprocal impacts of digital
revolution. Furthermore, it is imperative to tackle concerns such as digital disparities and
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polarization, while simultaneously promoting democratic engagement and fostering social
inclusivity.
Conclusion
Past study in the literature has extensively analyzed the social and political ramifications of
digital revolution. The discussion mostly focuses on the impact of online identities on political
involvement. Online platforms serve as a crucial medium for individuals to articulate their
political opinions and engage in political activities. Nevertheless, the absence of internet
connectivity and limited knowledge of digital technologies may hinder the fair and equal
engagement in political activities. Hence, it is imperative to implement policy measures that
foster digital inclusivity and mitigate digital disparities.
Furthermore, the discourse revolves around safeguarding or repressing diversity on digital
platforms. Digital platforms have the potential to significantly contribute to the promotion and
preservation of cultural and political diversity. Nevertheless, due to the impact of content
filtering policies and algorithms, there is a potential for some perspectives and cultural forms
of expression to be neglected. Hence, it is imperative to create policies that provide
transparency and accountability in relation to content moderation and algorithm design.
The potential societal and political impacts of digital revolution were analyzed. The speed and
direction of technical innovations can have a considerable impact on political processes and
social dynamics. Nevertheless, there is a potential for exacerbating social disparities in this
undertaking. Hence, it is imperative to implement legislative measures aimed at mitigating
disparities in technology access and bolstering digital democracy.
An in-depth analysis is required to fully understand the intricate social and political
ramifications of digital revolution. To establish a fair and all-encompassing digital landscape,
it is imperative for policymakers and civil society to collaborate harmoniously. It is crucial to
implement rules that promote collaboration among technological corporations, academia,
governments, and non-governmental organizations in this situation. By implementing digital
transformation, the beneficial impacts on social and political domains can be enhanced while
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minimizing the detrimental repercussions.
However, it is crucial for future studies to concentrate on domains to gain a more profound
understanding of the social and political consequences of digital revolution. Within this
framework, the subsequent suggestions can be considered:
-Assessment of Digital Participation: In order to gain a deeper comprehension of the impact of
digital transformation on political involvement, it is necessary to conduct research that assess
the level of digital participation across different demographic categories.
-Analyzing Digital Polarization: Further investigation is necessary to comprehend the impact
of digital revolution on social polarization. Topics covered may encompass algorithmic
categorization, filter bubbles, and information echo chambers.
-Examining Digital Disparities: Further investigation is necessary to gain a deeper
comprehension of the impact of digital transformation on social disparities. An in-depth
analysis of disparities in digital literacy, internet connectivity, and technological accessibility
is of utmost significance.
Considering the societal and political ramifications of digital change, it is crucial for
policymakers and social administrators to heed the subsequent suggestions:
-Digital Literacy Training: Efforts should be made to develop education and awareness
programs aimed at enhancing the digital literacy level of society. This can facilitate individuals
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in being more cognizant and discerning about digital settings.
- The development of internet access and technology infrastructure is necessary to mitigate
disparities in digital access. Ensuring digital connectivity is particularly crucial in remote
regions and economically disadvantaged groups.
-Enhancing Data Privacy and Security Policies: It is imperative to develop more robust policies
and regulations to safeguard data privacy and security in digital settings. By implementing this
measure, the security and privacy of individuals' personal data may be guaranteed, thereby
ensuring a secure and risk-free experience in digital settings.
RESTRICTION
The research is limited to scientific research that has been previously conducted and published
in the literature.
NOTIFICATIONS
Evaluation: Evaluated by internal and external consultants.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest regarding this article.
Financial Support: The authors reported no use of financial support related to this article.
ETHICAL STATEMENT
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publications are based on fundamental principles such as honesty, openness, objectivity, and
respect for the findings and creations of others.
aims to ensure that it is carried out in accordance with the principles and for this to happen,
It is a national-based scientific organization that aims to achieve these principles in the field of
social sciences.
is a magazine. The criteria of the Declaration of Helsinki were considered.
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